electron heating 中文意思是什麼

Design and applications of a communicable sample heating stage for environmental scanning electron microscope

環境掃描電鏡可通訊高溫樣品臺的設計與應用

The company talented people, give full play to their talents, continuous improvement, continuous innovation, in 1990s, improves the two series of hf including seven products to new energy - efficient products, and through the identification of new products at the provincial level, including : designed and developed by ourselves the new products gp - h - d 800kw electron tube - powered high frequency induction heating equipment filled the domestic gap

公司以其科學的質量管理雄厚的技術力量，連年被河北省科委命名為高新技術企業。並率先在同行業中通過了is09001 ： 20 .本公司生產的高頻焊管加熱設備為節能新型單迴路，整機電路成熟，可靠耐用。

It is used to air condition, central heating, clinical thermometer, auto - electron, electronic calender

應用於空調設備、暖氣設備、電子體溫計、液位傳感、汽車電子、電子臺歷。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Gyrotron has the superiorities, high peak power and high average power. so gyrotron is vastly applied in many areas, such as plasma heating, controlled thermonuclear fusion ( ctf ), radar, communication, electron countermeasure

迴旋管具有在毫米、亞毫米波段其他器件無可比擬的高峰值功率、高平均功率的優越性，因此在等離子體加熱、受控熱核聚變、雷達、通信及電子對抗等方面都有著廣闊的應用前景。

Using the microwave selective heating property for materials, by setup equivalent equation, and first time inducing the electromagnetic field perturbation theory to the design of heating materials for substrate in mpcvd, three temperature distribution modes were established, including temperature distribution comprehensive mode of inhomogeneous plasma, temperature distribution composite mode of composite substrate materials, temperature distribution perturbation mode of composite materials, which ii provided an whole new technology route to the design of substrate heating system in mpcvd and guided the preparation of heating materials for substrate. and then the heating materials for substrate were designed and optimized to obtain large area homogeneous temperature distribution even larger than substrate holder ' s diameter. as an important part, this thesis researched the nucleation and growth of diamond films in mpcvd, systematically researched the effects of substrate pretreatment, methane concentration, deposition pressure and substrate temperature etc experimental technologic parameters on diamond films " quality on ( 100 ) single crystal silicon substrate in the process of mpcvd, characterized the films qualities in laser raman spectra ( raman ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), scanning electron microscopy ( sem ), infrared transmission spectra ( ir ), atomic force microscopy ( afm ), determined the optimum parameters for mpcvd high quality diamond in the mpcvd - 4 mode system

該系統可通過沉積參數的精確控制，以控制沉積過程，減少金剛石膜生長過程中的缺陷，並採用光纖光譜儀檢測分析等離子體的可見光光譜以監測微波等離體化學氣相沉積過程；利用微波對材料的選擇加熱特性，通過構造等效方程，並首次將電磁場攝動理論引入到mpcvd的基片加熱材料的設計中，建立了非均勻等離子體溫度場綜合模型、復合介質基片材料的復合溫度場模型及復合介質材料溫度場攝動模型，為mpcvd的基片加熱系統設計提供了一條全新的技術路線以指導基片加熱材料的制備，並對基片加熱材料進行了設計和優選，以獲取大面積均勻的溫度場區，甚至獲得大於基片臺尺寸的均勻溫度區；作為研究重點之一，開展了微波等離體化學氣相沉積金剛石的成核與生長研究，系統地研究了在（ 100 ）單晶硅基片上mpcvd沉積金剛石膜的實驗過程中，基片預處理、甲烷濃度、沉積氣壓、基體溫度等不同實驗工藝參數對金剛石薄膜質量的影響，分別用raman光譜、 x射線衍射（ xrd ） 、掃描電鏡（ sem ） 、紅外透射光譜（ ir ） 、原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）對薄膜進行了表徵，確立了該系統上mpcvd金剛石膜的最佳的實驗工藝參數。

Being high power resources of millimeter - wave radiation, based on electron cyclotron maser, gyrotron has been pay much respect in the world for vast application in many areas such as plasma heating, linear accelerators, radar, communication, electronic countermeasure and so forth

迴旋脈塞器件-迴旋管作為大功率毫米波源，在等離子加熱、線性加速器、雷達、通信及電子對抗等領域有著廣泛的應用前景，由此受到了國際上的高度重視。

Being high power resources of millimeter - wave radiation, based on electron cyclotron maser, gyrotron has been pay much respect in the world for vast applications in many areas such as plasma heating, linear accelerators, millimeter wave radar, communications, electronic countermeasure and so forth. specifically in twenty years later, there was much developments on gyrotron

迴旋脈塞器件? ?迴旋管作為大功率毫米波源，在等離子體加熱、線性加速器、雷達、通信及電子對抗等領域有著廣泛的應用前景，由此受到了國際上的高度重視，特別是近二十年來，迴旋管得到了快速的發展，並成為研究的熱門方向。

One is that output window is cracked by the arcing on the surface of output window resulted by the secondary - electron, the other is that the stresses result from intense local heating produced by the power dissipation due to the loss factor of dielectric of the output window cause the output window to rupture 2. the second problem is now discussed in this dissertation

這就會導致輸出窗片溫度過高，熱應力過大。當窗片的熱應力超出它的承受能力時，窗片就會破裂。因此，有必要對輸出窗進行熱分析研究，為輸出窗的設計提供理論依據。

Defeat the corrugated pipe that the company produces to widely apply to various valves in shenyang, press the switch at last, each field such as the instrument and apparatus, spaceflight aviation, petrochemical industry, electric electron, auto industry, heating power project, nuclear power station, hot network project of solar energy, the products are sell to countries such as south korea, india, and america and europe, etc., is sold to 20 odd provinces and cities at home, have obtained praise of the domestic and international every profession and trade

沈陽勝公司生產的波紋管廣泛地應用於各種閥門、高低壓開關、儀器儀表、航天航空、石油化工、電力電子、汽車工業、熱力工程、核電站、太陽能熱網工程等各個領域，產品銷往韓國、印度、及歐美等國家，在國內銷往二十幾個省市，並獲得了國內外各行業的贊譽。