electron p 中文意思是什麼

All the halogens require one more electron to complete a p-shell.

所有的鹵素都要求得到一個額外的電子來填滿P殼層。

The photocatalytic activities of the xw11 / tio2 ( x = p, si, ge ) composite films were tested via degradation of aqueous azo - dyes, congo red ( cr ) and naphthol blue black ( nbb ). it was observed that the photocatalytic activities of the three composite films are much higher than that of the pure tio2 film, mainly attributed to the synergetic effect between xw11 and tio2, i. e., xw11 - catalyzed electron transfer from the conduction band ( cb ) of photoexicited tio2 to itself

結果表明三種復合膜均具有遠高於純tio _ 2膜的活性，主要歸因於復合膜材料中多金屬氧酸鹽和tio _ 2之間存在的協同效應，即作為強電子受體的多金屬氧酸鹽接受tio _ 2受光激發形成的導帶光生電子，延長了空穴-電子的再復合時間，同時自身仍具有光活性。

There was no difference in other biologic characteristic of mscs between the two separation method, such as cell anchorage ratio and clone formation ratio. ( 2 ) plga film presented uniformity frame with no protuberance and fissure under scanning electron microscopy ( sem ). big aperture with smooth wall and average 400 m i n size running - through each other was observed in porous plga substrate, around the big aperture there were many round micropores about 5 m size. all of the structure were equal and uniform, which satisfied the further research work. ( 3 ) mscs adhesion at earlier time was promoted by biotiegenrafter 3h, cell number was ( 1. 5 0. 18 ) 105 in the plga film coated with biotiegen group, which was significantly higher than that in plga film group ( p < 0. 01 ) and higher than that in coverslip group ( p < 0. 05 ), which cell number was ( 1. 04 0. 21 ) 105. after 6h and 12h biotiegen could not promote cell adhesion, and cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity were not promoted dramatically during 9 days. ( 4 ) cell adhesion was promoted by fibronectin or collagen type i

G ） i型膠原、纖維粘連蛋白促進細胞增殖，細胞接種后3 、 6 、 gd三個檢測時間點，實驗組細胞均明顯高於對照組。與1型膠原相比，纖維粘連蛋白刺激作用更強。 ） i型膠原、纖維粘連蛋白尚能誘導mscs細胞向成骨細胞分化，不僅表達成骨細胞標志物ocn 、 alp 、 opnmrna ，而且堿性磷酸酶活性明顯增高，堿性磷酸酶及鈣結節7第四軍醫大學博士學位論文一染色均強陽性， i型膠原組mscs細胞堿性磷酸酶活性較fn組更高，有顯著性差異；同時，兔疫組化染色表明，經纖維粘連蛋白作用的mscs1型膠原表達陽性。

A trend of photo - induced electron transition from p - type pc to n - type organic semiconductor was strongly supported by the data of sps and fisps measurements, the wire - like configuration of the tio2 tubule nanostructure benefited the electron - transport thereby improved the efficiency of the disassociation of the photogenerated carriers

表面光電壓測試結果表明，復合材料中存在著強烈的從p -型酞菁材料到n -型氧化物半導體材料的光致電荷轉移。而且tio _ 2的納米管和線狀結構提高了電子的傳輸效率最為明顯，使光生電荷的分離得到顯著改善。

As the only one among nearly 200 polytypes of different crystalline sic, which has a cubic crystalline structure, p - sic is an excellent candidate for fabrication of high power devices because of its high values of saturated electron drift velocity and electron mobility in comparison with the other sic polytypes

碳化硅是碳化硅近200種不同結晶形態中唯一的純立方結構晶體，載流子遷移率高，電子飽和漂移速度大，更適合於製造電子器件特別是電力電子器件之用。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Herein we designed and synthesized three photoinduced electron transfer ( pet ) phosphoroionophores, ( 1 - bromo - naphthalen - 2 - ylmethyl ) - bis - ( 2 - hydroxyl - ethyl ) - amine ( bnd ), ( 1 - bromo - naphthalen - 2 - yl - methyl ) - bis - ( 2 - cholor - ethyl ) - amine ( bnc ) and 7, 16 - bis - ( 1 - bromo - naphthalen - 2 - ylmethyl ) - 1, 4, 10, l3 - tetraoxa - 7, l6 - diaza - cyclooctadecane and their phosphorescent characteristics were studied, compared with 1 - bromo - 2 - methylnaphthalene. the experimental results showed that strong p hosphorescence could be observed in p - cyclodextrin aqueous solution only at low ph value. this system combined and and not function to produce a three - input inhibit ( inh ) logic gate

實驗結果表明，在環糊精水溶液中只有在較低ph時，才能有效抑制分子內的pet過程，使磷光體發射強的磷光，體系的磷光狀態為off - on ，同時體系包含了and （ - cdandproton ）和not （ o _ 2 ）邏輯功能，可作為一種三輸入的inhibit邏輯開關。

The research on the effect of liquid - liquid transition of polyacrylate on crystallization - melting of pdms indicates that above the melting temperature of pdms, pdms is reinforced by a special mutual action between p - electron in carbonyl of polyacrylate and 3d orbit in si atom of pdms, while below the temperature, the pdms crystal is lessened, which can not completely remove the crystal of pdms. however, it is the crystallization behavior of pdms that results in its most segments relaxation being restrained

研究聚丙烯酸酯液一液轉變對聚二甲基硅氧烷結晶一熔融影響的結果表明：碳基碳原子上p電子與出原於中3d軌道相互作用，在聚h甲基硅氧烷熔融轉變溫度以上，對其有分子增強作用；在聚二甲基硅氧烷熔融轉變溫度以下，霎對其有降低結晶度的作用，但不能消除結晶現象。

I - v testing of a single transistor has been carried out. the p - si film is prepared by ela, and electron mobility is calculated about 30cm2 / v

對用激光晶化法制備的多晶硅薄膜所制備的p - si - tft單管進行了-測試，計算電子遷移率為約30cm ~ 2 v

The electron transport rates of chloroplasts were depressed after chinese cabbage and mustard had been infected with tumv, whose extents reached 6. 4 % and 64. 6 % respectively. the decline of photosystem ii ( psii ) activities mainly contributed to the drop of electron transport rate, whose degrees reached 56. 9 % and 34. 3 %, with the statistical result p < 0. 01

青菜和芥菜葉綠體電子傳遞全鏈的電子傳遞速率各降低6 . 4和64 . 6 ；光系統（ ps ）的電子傳遞活性各下降56 . 9和34 . 3 ，與健康對照的差異水平均達到極顯著；光系統（ ps ）的電子傳遞受抑程度較輕，分別為25 . 8和24 . 7 。

The microcavity effect provides the possibility to control the spectral properties of emission and is of considerable interest in the realization of flat panel display devices, which require the emission of blue, green, and red light. in this paper, ladder - type poly ( p - phyenylene ) （ lppp ） thin films were used as the light emitter and hole transporter, while dye pyomethene doped alq was electron transporter

本文採用有機半導體梯形對次苯基聚合物（ lppp ）作有機電致發光器件的發光材料和空穴傳輸材料，以1 . 0 % pm580染料（ dyepyomethene ）摻雜的8 -羥基喹啉鋁（ 8 - hydroxyquinolinealuminum - alq ）作器件電子傳輸材料。

Electron - attracting grou p

吸電子基