electron ratio 中文意思是什麼

The energy equipartition time is longer than the interparticle collision time by the mass ratio of proton and electron.

由於質子與電子的質量比很大，能量平衡時間比粒子間碰撞時間長。

By analysing the experimental principle of zeeman effect in document [ 1 ], it is pointed out in this paper that the experiment content about the measurement of the charge - mass ratio of electron in document [ 1 ] is improper

本文通過對文獻[ 1 ]關于塞曼效應實驗原理的分析，指出了其實驗內容之測電子荷質比的不當之處

There was no difference in other biologic characteristic of mscs between the two separation method, such as cell anchorage ratio and clone formation ratio. ( 2 ) plga film presented uniformity frame with no protuberance and fissure under scanning electron microscopy ( sem ). big aperture with smooth wall and average 400 m i n size running - through each other was observed in porous plga substrate, around the big aperture there were many round micropores about 5 m size. all of the structure were equal and uniform, which satisfied the further research work. ( 3 ) mscs adhesion at earlier time was promoted by biotiegenrafter 3h, cell number was ( 1. 5 0. 18 ) 105 in the plga film coated with biotiegen group, which was significantly higher than that in plga film group ( p < 0. 01 ) and higher than that in coverslip group ( p < 0. 05 ), which cell number was ( 1. 04 0. 21 ) 105. after 6h and 12h biotiegen could not promote cell adhesion, and cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase ( alp ) activity were not promoted dramatically during 9 days. ( 4 ) cell adhesion was promoted by fibronectin or collagen type i

G ） i型膠原、纖維粘連蛋白促進細胞增殖，細胞接種后3 、 6 、 gd三個檢測時間點，實驗組細胞均明顯高於對照組。與1型膠原相比，纖維粘連蛋白刺激作用更強。 ） i型膠原、纖維粘連蛋白尚能誘導mscs細胞向成骨細胞分化，不僅表達成骨細胞標志物ocn 、 alp 、 opnmrna ，而且堿性磷酸酶活性明顯增高，堿性磷酸酶及鈣結節7第四軍醫大學博士學位論文一染色均強陽性， i型膠原組mscs細胞堿性磷酸酶活性較fn組更高，有顯著性差異；同時，兔疫組化染色表明，經纖維粘連蛋白作用的mscs1型膠原表達陽性。

The positions of certain wavelengths in both cases depend on the proton - to - electron mass ratio

他們發現，在這兩個觀測結果中，特定波長的位置會隨著質子對電子的質量比而改變。

It shows that the bias in the post - irradiation recovery period and the ratio of the interface state to the electron tunneling influence the recovery rate

模擬結果表明：退火過程所加柵偏壓的大小以及隧道電子效應與建立的界面態所佔比例的不同影響器件的恢復率。

To prepare the functionally gradient materials ( fgm ) of polysilane - polyacrylate, the method of solution preparation was performed. based on the results of the back - scattered electron images and linear scanning of the polysilane - polyacrylate film ' s cross section, the dependence of polysilane - polyacrylate film ' s structure on molecules of polysilane and polyacrylate, pmma / pmts feed ratio and component concentration were investigated

通過測試有機硅聚合物-聚甲基丙烯酸酯樹脂膜的結構，分析了聚有機硅（ pmts ） 、聚甲基丙烯酸酯（ pmma ）的分子量、 pmma pmts體系配比、組分濃度等因素對有機硅聚合物-聚甲基丙烯酸酯樹脂膜結構的影響。

In this thesis, we have mainly studied the characteristics of chf3, c6h6 and cf4 electron cyclotron resonance ( ecr ) plasma using langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy ( oes ). the relative concentration of different radicals in chf3 plasma and the effect of chf3 / c6h6 ratio on bond configuration of a - c : f films were discussed. it was showed that h, f, c2 were the main radicals among radicals of h, f, c2, ch and f2 in chf3 ecr plasma

重點研究了chf _ 3 、 cf _ 4和chf _ 3 c _ 6h _ 6放電等離子體中基團的分佈；分析了不同基團的相對密度隨宏觀放電條件（微波輸入功率、放電氣壓、源氣體流量比）的變化規律；探討了等離子體中各種基團的生成途徑；在不同源氣體流量比的條件下沉積了a - c ： f薄膜並通過傅立葉變化紅外吸收光譜（ ftir ）的測量得到了薄膜中鍵結構的信息；分析了a - c ： f薄膜的沉積速率及其鍵結構與等離子體空間基團分佈狀態之間的關聯。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

And the simulation on the nonlinear beam - wave interaction of two - cavity gyroklystron is made. the influences of the drift length and beam voltage and current and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and et al. on efficiency and gain are analyzed in detail

並對34ghz兩腔迴旋速調管的注?波互摘要作用進行了大量的數值模擬研究，分析了漂移區長度、電壓、電流、速度lhq值、磁場k ， ； 、注入波功率等多種因素對互作用電子效率及增益的影響。

We focused our discussions on the mechanism of saturation of the wakefield and the electron parametric instabilities which affect the process of the wakefield generation and electrons acceleration. we developed a 2 - dimension distributed parallel pic code under mpi parallel environment and got a good speedup ratio tested on yh - iv and pc computer groups

為了解決研究激光和稀薄等離子體相互作用所需的大量計算，我們研製了21 2d分散式粒子模擬并行程序，在微機群和巨型機yh ? iv對程序并行性能進行了測試得到了較高的加速比。

The nanocomposites have been characterized by four - point probe conductivity measurements, uv - vis, transmission electron micrograph. the results show that polyaniline / tio2 has higher conductivity ( xl0 compared with that " of eb, the uv - vis spectra properties of polyaniline / ti02 depend on the ratio of tio2 to polyaniline. the uv - vis spectra of nanocomposites doped with hcsa take place red - shift and possess higher conductivity and better solubility compared with those of nanocomposites and pani

並對樟腦磺酸摻雜聚苯胺（ csa - pani ）的性能，及其在不同的有機溶劑中的紫外-可見吸收光譜進行了詳細的探索，本文還對csa - pani成膜進行了探索，結果表明： csa - pani在間甲酚中具有最好的溶解性，並能保持基本的穩定，是成膜的理想體系。

Based on the self - consistent nonlinear theory of complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transition, a simulation code of self - consistent nonlinear beam - wave interaction has been made, in which the multiple modes interaction with an electron beam and the mode coupling are taken into account. the interaction between the electron beam and hsn - h521 rf field for third - harmonic gyrotron is simulated. the influences of the thickness and the velocity spread and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and the fluctuation of the magnetic field and the technologic errors of complex cavity on the multi - modes interaction with an electron beam are analyzed

二、在漸變復合腔迴旋管多模自洽非線性理論的基礎上，編制了高次諧波漸變復合腔迴旋管多模注?波互作用自洽非線性模擬軟體，並對8mm波段三次諧波漸變結構復合腔迴旋管的注? ?波互作用進行了大量的自洽非線性數值模擬計算與研究，進而分析了電子注的厚度、速度零散、速度比值、磁場波動、腔體尺寸的加工誤差等等多種因素對互作用效率的影響。

The fourier transform infrared ( ftir ) spectrum is an effective technology for studying the hydrogen content ( ch ) and the silicon - hydrogen bonding configuration ( si - hn ) of hudrogenated amorphous silicon ( a - si : h ) films. in the paper, ch and si - hn of a - si : h films, fabricated at different ratio of h2 / sih4 by microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor ( wmecr cvd ) method, have been obtained by analyzing their ftir spectra that are treated by baseline fitting and gaussian function fitting. the effects of ratio of h2 / sih4 on ch and si - hn are studied

Fourier紅外透射（ ftir ）譜是研究氫化非晶硅（ a - si : h ）薄膜中氫含量（ c _ h ）及硅-氫鍵合模式（ si - h _ n ）最有效的手段，對于微波等離子體化學氣相沉積（ mwecrcvd ）方法在不同h _ 2 sih _ 4稀釋比下制備出的氫化非晶硅薄膜，我們通過紅外透射光譜的基線擬合、高斯擬合分析，得出了薄膜中的氫含量，硅氫鍵合方式及其組分，並分析了這些參數隨h _ 2 sih _ 4稀釋比變化的規律。

Match ratio tests are done by using cement and fly - ash as curing agent, which include making soft clay with different water content into different mixing ratio cement - stabilised clay, and mixing cement and fly ash to make different cement - fly ash stengthened clay to soft clay with ascertaining water content. afterwards unconfined compression strength is tested at different curing age. the microstructures and mechanisms of cement soil and cement - fly ash soil are studied by mean ", of x - ray and scanning electron microscope ( sem ) technology

採用水泥和粉煤灰為固化劑在室內進行其配合比試驗，對含水量不同的軟粘土製成不同摻入比的水泥土以及對含水量值固定的軟粘土製成水泥、粉煤灰摻入量分別不同的水泥-粉煤灰加固土，並在不同齡期時進行無側限抗壓強度試驗；運用x射線衍射和掃描電子顯微鏡技術，對水泥土及水泥-粉煤灰加固軟土的微觀結構和機理進行分析。

We discuss the qcse of the impurity in the finite square qwws considering impurity position, and raise a point of the qcse under the influence of the masses mismatch and the aspect ratio of the quantum well wires. without considersion of the mismatch of the effective masses between the well and barrier, we obtain the conclusion as follows : ( l ) the first band energy of the electron is decreased under the electric field

在前人工作的基礎上，我們在有效質量近似下討論了外加電場下有限深方形gaas ga _ （ 0 . 63 ） al _ （ 0 . 37 ） as量子阱線的雜質態和雜質的stark能移，並把我們的結果與前人的結果進行了比較。

Carbon nanotubes ( cnts ) have attracted great attention in material science and technology for their semi - one - dimension structure, good electrical conductivity, excellent chemical and mechanical properties. especially for their high aspect ratio and emitting electron at low voltage, cnts have been considered as one of the most promising material for field electron source

碳納米管具有準一維的結構、良好的導電能力、化學穩定性和機械強度，由於其極高的長徑比而且能在較低的宏觀電場下發射電子，因此被認為是較為理想的場發射材料。

The author thinks that the electronic reading room of university library is different from " the internet bar ", opinions are given on the management of the electronic reading room of university library, including how to futher construct the electronic reading room, full display the function of the electron reading room, enhance the utility ratio of the electronic information resource

摘要文章從實際情況出發，針對一些高校圖書館的電子閱覽室出現「網吧化」的現象，對如何進一步建好電子閱覽室，充分發揮電子閱覽室的作用，提高電子資源的利用率，提出了看法。

Chapter 2 in the design of sensors and switches based on photoinduced electron transfer, fluorescence was often used with high sensitivity and convenience. it is noteworthy that room temperature phosphorescence ( rtf ) has many advantages over fluorescence, e. g., large stokes shift, higher signal to noise ratio, good selectivity and easily measurable luminescence lifetimes etc., and it can be found as a helpful complementary method of fluorescence sensing

第二章在光誘導電子轉移傳感器和分子開關的設計中，熒光由於其靈敏度高、使用方便，受到人們的廣泛關注，相對于熒光室溫磷光選擇性好、信噪比高、較大的stokes位移、壽命易測定等優點，在許多方面與熒光互補。

The conductive performance of conductive powder filling asphalt concrete is improved by adding a few chopped carbon fibers. carbon fibers play a role of the conductive bridge effect and the short circuit effect because of high long / diameter ratio, improving the conductive mechanism of electron

摻入少量短切碳纖維可明顯改善導電粉末填充瀝青混凝土的導電性能，發揮碳纖維大的長徑比所具有的導電橋梁作用和導電通路短接作用，改善電子的導電機制。

We sent out altogether 220 questionnaires to firms in zhejiang province and got back 119. the ratio of callback of valid questionnaire is 54. 09 %. sample firms are related to industry of electron, software, pharmacy, machinery, and etc. firm scale ( enrollment capital represented ) in samples ranges from hundreds of thousand to tens of billion rmb

在論文中，我們利用了問卷調查作為數據收集的研究工具，問卷調查主要集中於浙江省內企業，共發出調查問卷220份，回收有效問卷119份，有效問卷率為54 . 09 ，樣本企業涉及到的行業包括電子、軟體、醫藥和機械等等，企業規模（以注冊資本表示）從幾十萬到幾百億元人民幣不等。