element ratio 中文意思是什麼

Based on projective geometry, the research works about 3d invariance ' s extraction and application have been done in this thesis as following : ( 1 ) the basic theories and concepts in projective geometry are systematically summarized. it includes : the camera models of perspective imaging, projective collineation, cross ratio, a simple compare about invariance ( invariant ) among some geometry transformations, fundamental matrix, epipolar and epipolar line in epipolar geometry, and so on. ( 2 ) the calculation methods for 2d projective transformation are extended from points to multi - element, which includes points, lines, points lines and so on, to get the relationship between two projective planes

基於射影幾何理論，論文圍繞3d不變特徵的提取和應用進行了如下的研究工作： （ 1 ）系統總結了射影幾何中的若干基礎概念，包括：透視成像的相機模型、射影對應、交比不變量、基於不同幾何變換下的不變量的簡單對比、對極幾何中的基礎矩陣、對極點、對極線等。

Based on an amplified spontaneous emission ( ase ) source, a ring - cavity fiber laser, in which sensor element acted as the reflector of the cavity, was achieved with high - signal noise ratio ( snr ) and high - power. it was demonstrated that the output power was maximum, when output coupler ratio of the coupler was seventy percent

實驗證實耦合器的輸出耦合比選為某一個最佳值70 ，當980nm泵光工作電流為50ma時，其輸出功率達3 . 5mw ，且輸出激光波長與作為反射鏡的光纖光柵中心波長相同。

In order to choice the appraisal approach ? iscount cash flow model that it is look as a perfect and abreast on the theory and practice, in addition, the paper give a minute description about the two main element ? ash flow and the discount ratio of the model. so can know how to apply the model further in new high technology enterprise, of course, any theory including cash flow model is comparative when looked as perfect and the best theory, this approach has many difficult point also when use the model appraise the value of new high technology

本文從高新技術企業特點及評估特性入手，闡述了傳統價值評估方法和國際上提出的一種新思路在高新技術企業中的應用利弊，從而選擇了目前比較完整、具有理論意義的評估方法? ?折現現金流量模型，對高新技術企業進行價值評估，並對這個模型的兩大基本要素?現金流量和折現率進行了詳盡的分析，以便更明確如何在高新技術企業中運用此模型。當然，任何理論說其比較完整、具有理論意義都是相對而言的，折現現金流量模型也不例外，採用折現現金流量法評估高新技術企業也存在著難點，此論文對其進行了探討，並對傳統評估方法和新思路加以結合，使高新技術企業價值能更好的得到體現。

In this paper, the drive theory of the large ratio friction transmission is studied ; a new type elliptical cam wave generator is designed ; the large ratio friction transmission prototype is designed and manufactured ; based on the ansys finite element method software, structure of the elliptical cam is analyzed ; precision index of the manufactured large ratio friction transmission prototype, such as transmission accuracy, least step, stability of the least step, load capacity is measured by the absolute rotary encoder. by analyzing the measurement data and research content, it is think that the new elliptical cam wave generator could overcome a good many problems brought by processing errors, facilitate size precision adjustments, input moment can be achieved in the form of a pure force couple importing ; through this study, " the large ratio friction transmission prototype " could apply in practical engineering basically

本文研究了大速比摩擦傳動的傳動理論;設計了新型橢圓凸輪波發生器，設計製作了大速比摩擦傳動樣機;用軟體ansys對所設計的橢圓凸輪結構進行了有限元分析;用19位絕對式編碼器測試了大速比摩擦傳動機構的傳動精度、最小步距、最小步距的穩定性以及帶負載能力等各項精度指標;對測量數據和研究內容進行了歸納和整理，認為新型橢圓凸輪波發生器克服了加工誤差帶來的諸多問題，新型橢圓凸輪波發生器可以進行尺寸精度調整，能夠達到輸入力矩以純力偶的形式輸入;通過本項研究，基本可以使「大速比摩擦傳動機構」在工程中得以應用。

Based on nonlinear finite element theory, stress and deformation behaviors are analyzed after ground stabilization and foundation pit reinforcement with deep mixing method. by comparison of the conditions of treatment and non - treatment of two examples respectively, the results indicate that the match ratio scheme used for deep mixing method is more ideal when soft clay is stabilized in this area of fuzhou in the thesis. this scheme not only can fully utilize industrial waste material, but also can economize construction cost

對于加固土的工程特性，本文以非線性有限元理論為基礎，模擬分析水泥攪拌樁加固地基和基坑支護加固的應力和變形情況；通過兩個例子分別在有處理和無處理情況下的對比，利用固化劑最佳摻入比來設計地基處理方案，並運用非線性有限元方法計算出土體內大小主應力的分佈情況以及變形情況，結果表明本文所得出的配合比方案用於深層攪拌樁法來對福州地區軟粘土進行地基加固時還是比較理想的，這樣不僅充分利用工業廢料，還可節約工程造價。

The main contents are as followings : ( 1 ) the rules of choosing characteristic lines of fe and ni elements in the cu - pb alloy are investigated ; ( 2 ) the characteristic line of the impurity element and that of the reference element makes up a line pair. the intensity ratio of the line pair measured as an y - axis and the corresponding concentration ratio as x - axis, calibration curves for composition analysis is fitted at the 4 kinds of buffer gases

Q ）採用內標法，由樣品中雜質元素的分析線和內標元素參考線組成分析線對，對五種不同的鉛黃銅樣品，實驗通過測定了雜質元素分析線隊的強度比，以分析線對的強度比為縱坐標、分析線對所對應元素的含量比為橫坐標，擬合出了一系列在四種緩沖氣體中的定標曲線。

The same type of cement - soil mixing pile with concrete core, concrete pile and cement - soil pile that means they have the same pile length and pile diameter is deeply analyzed by finite element program. we get the q - s curve, the axis force of pile body curve, the stress of pile curve and the side and the end sharing load ratio of the pile curve by finite element program. with the help of the finite element program, the paper finds the relations between the pile ' s parameter and its bearing capacity and load transferring properties

利用有限元計算分析了同比（樁長相同、樁徑相同）水泥土組合樁、水泥土攪拌樁和混凝土鉆孔灌注樁，得到了它們的荷載沉降曲線、樁身應力曲線、樁身軸力曲線、樁側樁端分擔荷載曲線等，通過這些曲線對它們的荷載傳遞規律以及變形特性進行了深入的分析。

The finite element model and result are given. the influence on displacement of different finite element model ' s lateral boundary and the cavities " radius and the variety of dynamic stress concentration at different ratio of long - axis divided to short - axis and material are discussed

給出了有限元模型和計算結果，討論了有限元橫向邊界不同和孔徑大小不同的情況下對位移的影響，還討論了不同長短軸比和不同材料情況下動應力集中系數的變化。

This paper applies nonlinear finite element program bsnfem to analyze the behaviors of eccentrically braced steel frames under cyclic load. the study that comprehensive and systematic analyze the factor of links length, thickness of links flange, distance of links rib, thickness of links rib and angle of brace to be changed affect energy - dissipation capacity of d shape and k shape eccentrically braced steel frames have been some studied before. this paper fills the black in the filed factor of high - span ratio, brace stiffness and brace - to - beam connections to be changed affect energy - dissipation capacity of d shape and k shape eccentrically braced steel trames and any factor to be changed affect energy - dissipation capacity of y shape eccentrically braced steel frames

對耗能梁段的長度、耗能梁段腹板的厚度、耗能梁段翼緣的厚度、耗能梁段加勁肋的間距、耗能梁段加勁肋的厚度、支撐的夾角等因素的改變對d形、 k形偏心支撐鋼框架耗能的影響，前人已有一些研究，本文對這些因素的影響進行了全面系統的分析，完善了理論分析的不足；而結構高跨比、支撐剛度、支撐與梁的連接形式等因素對d形、 k形偏心支撐鋼框架破壞機理的研究以及各種因素對y形偏心支撐鋼框架破壞機理的影響，則很少有人涉及，本文對此也進行了深入系統的分析，填補了這一研究空白。

Through the finite element method, this paper compares some variable parameters such as the arch axis, the rise - span ratio and the ratio of spans, which influence the mechanical performances of open spandrel rigid - framed arch bridge. then it summarizes the mechanical properties of this bridge type and the optimal range of these parameters. the plexiglass model test validates the correctness of the finite element method used in this paper. the study will provide reference for the design of this new bridge type

本文採用有限元方法對影響空腹式剛架拱橋受力性能的主要參數：拱軸線型、矢跨比及跨徑比進行了比較分析，總結了這種橋型的結構受力特點以及拱軸線型等參數的合理范圍，為這種新橋型的工程設計提供參考，並通過有機玻璃模型試驗驗證了有限元分析的正確性。

Then displacement fields are researched via the finite element model that accords with actual process of jacked pile. and the effects of displacement fields caused by difference modulus ratio, friction between pile and soil, possion ration of soil and soil index of c and are put forward

接著建立了能夠模擬沉樁連續貫入的有限元模型，利用該有限元模型分析了樁土模量比、樁土界面接觸剛度、樁土界面摩擦、泊松比以及土體的c和指標等因素對沉樁擠土效應的影響。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

In accord with the state standard about harmonic. the harmonic permission value of tangqian line is calculated. some measurement data are shown and analyzed, and some main conclusion is drawed that the 7th harmonic voltages of tangqian line is near to the permission value, total harmonic voltage distortion ratio has oversteped the permission value. the 3th harmonic, the 5th harmonic, the 7th harmonic and the 9th harmonic current from tangqian line all overstep the permission, the largest 5th harmonic current ratio in tangsc reaches 44 %, the 7th harmonic and the 9th harmonic current in tang7c and tangsc is large maybe because the harmonic current is magnified. this paper studies the model of each element in tang yin substation

根據有關公用電網諧波的國家標準，計算出湯牽線注入湯陰變電站的諧波電流允許值，從實測數據可以得出一些重要結論：湯牽線7次諧波電壓含有率的最大值接近國標中的限值，湯牽線的諧波電壓總畸變率的最大值已超標；湯牽線注入電網的3 、 5 、 7 、 9次諧波電流都超標；湯6c電容器的5次諧波電流含有率較高，最高達到44 ；湯7c和湯8c電容摘要器的7次和9次諧波電流含有率偏高，原因可能是發生了諧波電流放大現象。

The secondly, based upon the laboratory soil tests, definite the parameter of the kondner model and the loess compaction model, using fortran power station to compile the finite element programmed of axial symmetry. through trial calculate with the different squeeze stress and different poisson ratio, got some laws of stress of soil surrounding pile and judged the result of compaction pile. the result of the calculation and analysis and valuable to designer and builder

同時通過室內試驗確定了特定區域黃土的鄧肯-張模型參數和黃土擠密模型，採用fortranpowerstation ，按軸對稱問題編制了存限元程序，通過採用不同的擠壓力和不同的泊松比的程序試算，得到了一些樁周土體的應力變化規律，並對擠密樁破壞半徑內的土體擠密效果進行了判定，計算與分析結果可供設計施工人員參考。

Finite element simulate analysis of small span - to depth ratio coupling beams with special reiforcement

特殊配筋小跨高比洞口連梁的有限元模擬

According to the raman selection rule and the pl measurement, it is reasonable to evaluate the quality of galnp / algalnp mqw by analyzing the relative intensity ratio of a1p - lo / to. ( 4 ) a new modified random element isodisplacement ( mrei ) model is set up to calculate the dependence between the long - wavelength optical phonon frequencies and the composition of iii - v - type ab1 - xcx mixed crystals. the second neighbor force constants are still assumed to be a linear variation with the composition, but the two first neighbor force constants can be evaluated to be a negative exponent variation with the composition, using the overlapped repulsive potential of the ion crystal combination

通過實驗我們找到了在這些結構參數上生產gainp algainpmqw的較理想的結果； （ 3 ）首次用喇曼（ raman ）散射方法研究了常溫下的gainp algainp多量子阱結構，除了指認出喇曼光譜中各光學聲子模外，還結合樣品光致發光譜的測量結果，分析發現喇曼光譜中alp - lo to的相對強度比可以在一定程度上評定晶體gainp algainpmqw的生長質量； （ 4 ）在修正的隨機元素等位移? mrei模型的基礎上建立了一個新模型，計算了ab _ （ 1 - x ） c _ x型?族半導體混晶的長波長光學聲子模頻率的組分變化關系。

Taking the natural frequency arid the ratio of frequency drop as input characteristic parameters, crack damage in the cylindrical supporting shell of a portal crane is diagnosed and its length and position are forecasted, applying finite element emulation and artificial neural network technologies

摘要應用有限元模擬技術和人工神經網路模型，以反映結構損傷程度的固有頻率和損傷的頻率下降率作為神經網路輸入的特徵參數，對門座起重機筒形支柱上出現的裂紋損傷長度和位置進行了綜合診斷和預測分析。

Based on the test results and bearing formula for djcm pile composite ground under rigid foundations, it raises the design formula for the bearing capacity of djcm pile composite ground under flexible foundations. secondly, taking material nonlinear especially the glide between pile and soft soil into account, some tentative analysis and numerical analysis have been done by finite element software - ansys. it summarizes some basic regularity of the pile - soil stress ratio load transferring and variation along depth, deformation characters etc.

其次，本文還應用大型有限元分析軟體ansys ，考慮水泥粉噴樁復合地基中樁-土材料的非線性特性，並特別考慮了樁和樁側土之間有相對滑動的實際情況，對柔性基礎下水泥粉噴樁復合地基的力學性狀作了初步的數值模擬分析，總結出柔性基礎下水泥粉噴樁復合地基中樁土應力比、荷載沿深度的傳遞特性和復合地基的變形特性等方面的基本規律。

Research has been done on the calculating methods of lateral stiffness and bearing capacity of the frame. according to experimental studies, finite element analysis and theoretical analysis, it develops to calculate lateral stiffness of frame with special - shaped columns of greater height - width ratio by using frame with rigid zones, and considering shear deformation of beam and columns. without considering the torsion of the whole structure, assuming the special - shaped column in the rc frame is flexural failure under uniaxial eccentricity force, putting forward the calculation method of flexural strength of special - shaped columns and the shear strength in a story for r. c

對異形柱框架分別按普通框架和壁式框架進行分析，並與空間有限元分析結果和試驗結果進行比較，提出了異形柱框架結構側向剛度的計算方法；在整體結構不產生扭轉且異形柱為彎曲破壞的假定下，提出了異形柱的受彎承載力及受剪承載力計算公式；提出了根據異形柱框架結構的破壞機構確定其樓層受剪承載力的方法。

After the rationality of theoretical model has been testified, going along a series of numerical simulation and find the best ratio of evaporation segment and condensation segment by means of analyse the temperature variety of the electronic element surface on the effect of the radiator structure change. a series of strenthen step about heat transfer put forward theoretically by means of numerical analysis focuse on the thermal resistant of each tache of the heat transfer

在證實了本理論模型是合理的基礎上，本文根據所建立的模型進行了一系列的數值模擬計算，分析了熱管型電子器件散熱器的結構尺寸（蒸發段和冷凝段的長度比、肋片的高度等）變化對發熱器件表面溫度的影響，得到了蒸發段和冷凝段的最佳長度比。