empirical average 中文意思是什麼
empirical average
解釋
經驗平均值-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
It is shown by analyzing large test data that the empirical formula presented in the paper has higher linearly dependent coefficient, lower average relative error and relative standard deviation compared with the traditional empirical formula of orthoscopic and power function
試驗數據表明，本文提出的經驗公式比傳統的直線式和冪函數式經驗公式的線性相關系數更高，且平均相對誤差和相對標準差都低。 -
Poulos - davis - randolph ( pdr ) method is a empirical calculation method. it is easy to compute the relation between the number of piles and the average settlement of the foundation
Pdr法是計算沉降控制復合樁基的一種經驗方法，它在一定程度上考慮了樁的非線性和樁?土?筏的共同作用。 -
The empirical results show : it is weak to explain the portfolios " return for 6 risk - metric indices, however, the two factor variables, the natural logarithm of average circulated market equity and the average of short - term ( one year ) historical return, are able to expla
實證研究結果發現: 6種風險度量指標對股票組合收益率的解釋能力十分微弱，而平均流通市值的自然對數和平均短期（ 1年）歷史收益率2個因素變量對股票組合收益率的解釋能力達到76 . 2 % 。 -
Then basing the empirical formal proposed by weng burning, a method for reckon the average flux of energy transfer from ground surface to the air of a day according albedo and terrain parameters was put forwarded. it is considered that the flux is a proper index to decide if the area is a hot source or a cold source
然後，在翁篤鳴等提出的有關半經驗公式的基礎上，提出了根據反照率和地形參數計算高原地面向大氣輸送能量的日平均通量的演算法，並以此作為判定冷熱源的標準。 -
On the basis of theory analysis, the average transmitted light intensity ( correspond to dc value ) was determined as characteristic parameter of raw water using photoelectric method for monitoring the fluctuation of transmitted light and photometric dispersion analyzer ( pda ). the dc value was closely related to both particle concentration and surface area of sand clay simultaneously. the experimental results shows that there is an exponential function relation between dc and surface area of sand clay in unit volume water ( sp ) : dc = asbp in which a and b are empirical coefficients. then the formula of macromolecule flocculant dosage is found to be d = f ( dc ) = e ( dc ) f in which e and / are empirical coefficients and the average correlation coefficient equal to 0. 981. so the model of automatical control system of water treatment plant was established using the formula
應用透光率脈動檢測技術和光散射顆粒粒度分析儀（ pda ） ，通過理論分析，將pda的輸出信號之一? ?平均透光強度（對應于dc值）作為原水的特性表徵參數， dc值可以同時反映顆粒濃度和比表面積因素的影響，試驗結果證明， dc值與單位體積水中泥沙顆粒總表面積s _ p之間具有很好的冪函數關系： dc = cs _ p ~ d ，式中c 、 d為經驗系數，進而得到了以dc值為參數的高分子絮凝劑投藥量公式： d = f （ dc ） = e （ dc ） ~ f ，式中： e 、 f為經驗系數，平均相關系數達0 . 981 ，利用所建立的公式，建立了前饋? ?后饋聯合控制的在線自動投藥模型。 -
And then the author established and verified an empirical equation for the ratio of the heights of collapsed part and running part for the avalanche soils, suggested the critical flow conditions of loose avalanche soils and block avalanche soils, discussed the causes of accelerated motion of consistent debris flows on mild slope, and studied the average velocity of intermittent debris flows
給出了判別崩塌土相對運動距離，即流高比公式，並用現場實測資料進行了驗證。提出了鬆散崩塌土和塊狀崩塌土流動化的判別條件。探討了稠性泥石流在緩坡上加速運動的成因，並討論了陣性泥石流平均流速公式。 -
In chaper3, the author provides empirical evidence in binzhou, which is a typical north china area and presents the average level of agricultural and rural economic status of china, to expound definition, calculation method and influence factors of total factor productivity ( tfp )
農業全要素生產率（ tfp ）是農業部分要素生產率（土地生產率、勞動生產率和資本生產率）的綜合，能比較全面地反映農業經濟效益；濱州市農業具有一定的代表性，其農業全要素生產率和農業部分要素生產率的定性分析，有助於發現影響農業經濟效益的深層因素，為提高農業經濟效益提供有益的指導。 -
Thirdly, compared with 3 - portfolio pattern and 5 - portfolio pattern, the 10 - portfolio pattern ' s empirical result is more prominent ; but the middle - cap stocks on average outperform the other portfolios on s hanghai stock market
第三，相對於三組合比較法和五組合比較法，十組合比較法的實證結果更顯著一些。 -
The effects of lateral pressure and plate buckling mode are taken into account. when the tripping taking place, average stress - strain curves begin load shedding according to empirical formula
主要區別在於所用的單元性能曲線有所不同，以及對初始變形、殘余應力和側向載荷等影響因素的處理方法也各不相同。
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