entraining 中文意思是什麼

The result of experiment shows that und er the conditions of proper ai r - entraining, concrete with 20 % fly ash has excellent frost - resistance. the frost - resistance of concrete with 55 % fly - ash which is admixed with united expansive agent ( uea ) has been improved greatly. the frost - resistance of sulfate aluminate cement concrete with high volume of fly - ash is dramatically lower than that of silicate cement concrete with the same volume of fly - ash

試驗結果表明：粉煤灰摻量為20的混凝土在適量引氣的條件下具有良好的抗鹽凍性能；粉煤灰摻量為55的混凝土在摻加uea膨脹劑后其抗鹽凍性能有明顯改善；大摻量粉煤灰硫鋁酸鹽水泥混凝土的抗鹽凍性大大低於同摻量的硅酸鹽水泥混凝土。

Even an air-entraining agent can be used because the minute pores are discontinuous.

甚至可以使用加氣劑，因為小的氣孔是不連通的。

Mix design of mortar with air - entraining agent

摻微沫劑砂漿的配合比設計

Standard specification for air - entraining admixtures for concrete

混凝土引氣劑的標準規范

Standard test method for air - entraining admixtures for concrete

混凝土引氣劑的標準試驗方法

Following is the factors ideating with the surface of old concrete in different way ( including brushing surface, chiseling surface, cleaving surface ), adherence agent ( including cement slurry, cement sand slurry, cement slurry with the u expansion agent ), the freeze - thaw circulation times and air - entraining. as a result, we found that the roughness influence on the adhesion capability of the new on old concrete to a large degree. the larger rougeness is, the larger the splitting tensile strength on the adhension face is. the kind of adhesion agent is also influence on the adherence capability of new on old concrete. the circulation times of freez - thaw have a large influence on the splitting tensile strength of adherence face of new on old concrete. the analysis of tests give some advices to the practical engineering

主要考察了老混凝土表面不同處理方式（刷毛面，鑿毛面，劈裂面） 、界面粘結劑類型（水泥凈漿，水泥砂漿， u型膨脹劑水泥漿） 、凍融循環次數等對新老混凝土粘結面劈拉強度的影響，以及凍融作用下新混凝土加氣對粘結面劈拉強度的影響。試驗結果表明，粗糙度對新老混凝土粘結性能有重要影響，隨著粘結面粗糙度的增大，粘結面劈拉強度不斷增加；界面粘結劑類型對新老混凝土粘結性能有一定影響，在凍融作用下， u型膨脹劑水泥漿粘結效果不如水泥凈漿和水泥砂漿；凍融循環對粘結面劈拉強度有較大影響，加氣能明顯改善新老混凝土粘結面的抗凍能力。

Abstract : the result of experiment shows that und er the conditions of proper ai r - entraining, concrete with 20 % fly ash has excellent frost - resistance. the frost - resistance of concrete with 55 % fly - ash which is admixed with united expansive agent ( uea ) has been improved greatly. the frost - resistance of sulfate aluminate cement concrete with high volume of fly - ash is dramatically lower than that of silicate cement concrete with the same volume of fly - ash

文摘:試驗結果表明：粉煤灰摻量為20的混凝土在適量引氣的條件下具有良好的抗鹽凍性能；粉煤灰摻量為55的混凝土在摻加uea膨脹劑后其抗鹽凍性能有明顯改善；大摻量粉煤灰硫鋁酸鹽水泥混凝土的抗鹽凍性大大低於同摻量的硅酸鹽水泥混凝土。

The performance of concrete at the later age ( after 60 days ) is improved when fly ash is added into concrete, and the abrasion resistance of concrete is perfect at 28 days. entraining air into concrete, the compressive strength is reduced but the flexural strength is improved when the air content less than 5. 5 %

摻粉煤灰混凝土的各項性能在後期（ 60d后）均有所改善，其中耐磨性在28d時表現了較好的結果。在混凝土中引氣后，混凝土的抗壓強度下降較多但抗折強度在適宜的含氣量范圍內（小於5 . 5 % ）有所提高，混凝土的抗凍性顯著提高，同時不會降低混凝土的耐磨性。

Under the different freezing - thawing cycle circumstance, three factors of water binder ratio, air content and mineral admixture are analyzed by using the method of orthogonal table. the test results show that the chief influencing factor is the water binder ratio in water freezing - thawing cycle circumstance, and in salt freezing - thawing cycle circumstance is the air content. this could illustrate that entraining air into concrete can improve the frost resistance of concrete effectively in salt freezing - thawing cycle

分析了在純水和3 . 5 % nacl溶液中受凍后，水膠比、含氣量和摻合料對混凝土飽和系數及變化速率的影響規律，試驗結果表明水膠比對混凝土水凍時的飽和系數及變化速率影響顯著，而鹽凍情況下含氣量則是主要影響因素，說明引氣能顯著提高混凝土的抗鹽凍性能。

The application research of water - soluble polymer in concrete admixtures, in which including water - reducer, air - entraining agent, shrinkage - reducing agent, anti - washout admixture and corrosion inhibitors were summarized

摘要綜述了水性高分子材料在混凝土外加劑中的研究及應用情況，其中包括減水劑、引氣劑、減縮劑、水下不分散劑及阻銹劑等。

Mechanical performance, frost resistance and abrasion resistance of concrete with fly ash, air entraining agent and four kinds of inorganic salts including sodium sulfate, sodium nitrite, calcium nitrite and sodium chloride are mainly studied in this paper

本文研究了在路面水泥混凝土中摻入粉煤灰、引氣劑和四種無機鹽（ na2so4 、 nano2 、 ca （ no2 ） 2和nacl ）后，混凝土的力學性能、抗鹽凍剝蝕能力和耐磨性等性能的變化規律。

The paper discusses mechanism performance, durability and resistance to de - icing salt concrete, this kind of concrete is made with air - entraining agent or silica fume and used in the trial section construction of benxi - dandong freeway ' s charge square which is located in dandong

本文通過在混凝土中摻入引氣劑或硅粉，來配製抗除冰鹽混凝土，並對其進行力學性能和耐久性測試，重點試驗其抵抗鹽凍能力，並用於本丹高速公路丹東段的收費廣場試驗路施工。

The research result indicated that on the condition of the same mortar fluidity, the preventing effects of mineral and superplasticizer compounded on aar are better than that of mineral used singly, the preventing effects of mineral admixture and entraining agent compounded are better than that of mineral admixtures used singly, the preventing effects of mineral and superplasticizer and entraining agent compounded are lower than that of mineral admixture and entraining agent compounded. the research achievement has some guiding sense on the recognition of aar prevention in pumping hpc and the researches of test methods for determining the alkali reactivity of aggregate used in hpc

研究結果表明：在相同砂漿流動度條件下，減水劑與礦物摻合料復合使用對堿?骨料反應的抑制作用大於礦物摻合料單獨使用的抑制作用；引氣劑與礦物摻合料復合使用對堿?骨料反應的抑制作用優于礦物摻合料單獨使用的抑制作用；減水劑、引氣劑與礦物摻合料三元復合使用對堿?骨料反應的抑制作用小於引氣劑與礦物摻合料二元復合使用的抑制作用。

This paper unfolds engineering disposition and theoretical research of negative temperature high performance concrete ( nthpc ) with the damage of many factors motivation, the project background based on qing - zang railway engineering, which is one of four - emphasized engineering during the tenth five - plan. due to the difference of environment of construction and service between nthpc and ordinary concrete, and therefore durability of nthpc is required to higher level. at a first, nthpc must avoid frozen damage at early age and possess anti - freezing property at later period, in order to meet engineering practicable application need, and this are two emphasized and difficult problems, as for nthpc ; by means of mechanism analysis about deicing - agent ingredient and anti - freezing at early period, adopting composite technique routine of mineral addition + anti - freezing element + water - reducer4 - air - entraining + anti - erosion of steel component etc, based on orthogonal experimental approach, fd - 1 composite functional admixtu re was manufactured, which has more property and orientation on qing - zang railway

負溫混凝土由於和普通混凝土在施工環境及服役環境上存在的差異，因此表現為比普通混凝土更為較高的耐久性要求；負溫混凝土首先要避免早期的凍害以及具備長期抗凍性能，才能夠滿足工程實際應用的要求，這也是負溫混凝土必須解決的兩大技術關鍵；通過對目前常用防凍劑組分作用機理的分析研究及混凝土早期防凍機理探討，採用礦物外加劑+防凍組分+高效減水劑+引氣+阻銹組分功能復合的技術路線，通過正交試驗設計復配了適應青藏鐵路工程要求的專用多功能復合型外加劑fd - 1 ；並在此基礎上配製不同等級負溫高性能混凝土，開展一系列包括硫酸鹽侵蝕、氯離子滲透、抗凍融循環、收縮及耐磨性等耐久性能研究；通過對fd - 1組分和摻量的調整，優化負溫混凝土在施工特性、力學指標和耐久性三個方面的兼容、協調性。

If an air-entraining cement is heavily whisked, as much as 60 per cent of air may be drawn into the concrete.

如果極力攪拌加氣水泥，則混凝土中的含氣量可達60。

Various sand - entraining fermentation tests suggested that sand - entraining ( 20 % of the amount of quality maternal fermented grains ) could increase top - grade product rate by about 5 %

經過各種夾沙發酵試驗表明，按投糧數20 %的優質母糟夾沙，可以提高優級品率5 %左右。

At the same time fly ash and silica fume also can repress the anti - sulfate attack and the alkali - aggregate reaction ; in addition, the relation between air - entraining admi xture, cementitious materials quantity with freezing - thaw property of concrete were studied ; and according to the different affecting factors the durable life of concrete was estimated

同時粉煤灰、硅灰還可以抑制硫酸鹽侵蝕及堿集料反應；此外，分析了混凝土中含氣量、膠凝材總量等與混凝土抗凍性的關系。並且，根據相應影響因素對混凝土耐久性壽命進行了預測。

When the dosage was 8 % aa, the effect was best. ( 2 ) the performance of pc was decided with the proportion of pea, aa, mma. the fluidity of copolymer would augment if the dosage of aa increase, but when dosage of aa was 75 %, it was hard to control the compose reaction, and dispersion of pc would depress ; when pea degree of polymerization augment the air - entraining of mma would increase ; it would produce floe and hard to control the compose reaction when the dosage of pea4 more than 15 %, pea23 more than 25 %

（ 2 ） pea 、 aa 、 mma之間的比例關系決定了共聚體的性能：隨著丙烯酸用量的增加，共聚體的流動度增大，達到75時合成控制難度加大，共聚體分散性下降；而mma的引氣增穩作用，其用量隨著pea的聚合度的增加而增加， pea4體系的用量超過15 ， pea23體系超過25則會產生絮狀物，反應控制難度加大，理想的用量分別為不超過10和15 。

Research on freezing - resistance durability of air - entraining fly ash concrete

引氣粉煤灰混凝土抗凍融耐久性的研究

Two - addition technique of flying ash and silica fume can meliorate durability of concrete ; air - entraining admixture possesses anti - freezing, descending ice point, and improving workability, and thereof it should be used in concrete. but controlling its dosage is very important to avoid strength loss

發現粉煤灰和硅灰的雙摻技術能夠顯著改善混凝土的耐久性能，引氣劑具備防凍抗凍、抗滲及提高負溫混凝土工作性的優點，在負溫混凝土中應該加大使用范圍，但必須控制其摻量，確保強度損失較小。