estimate by ratio 中文意思是什麼
estimate by ratio
解釋
按比例估計-
This paper synthetically summarized current research on terrestrial nitrogen cycle and soil nitrogen cycle, meanwhile, uncertainties of terrestrial nitrogen cycle were discussed. the global diversified ecosystem nitrogen and carbon storage was comparative thoroughly estimated through different life zone. the global organic nitrogen storage was estimate by the c / n ratio
Post等按照不同生物帶比較全面的估算了全球各種生態系統類型的土壤碳氮密度和含量， mcelroy等利用土壤有機碳儲量和碳氮比來估算了全球土壤有機氮儲量。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Based on the analysis of the magnetic characteristics, an artificial nerural network can be built and the fault samples can be gained by theoretical arithmetic. the results of computation example show that the method can not only judge if shorted field turns exit but also estimate fault turns ratio
根據該結論構建了發電機故障診斷的神經網路，並直接獲得發電機在額定運行工況下對應的故障樣本，用於故障診斷，不僅對轉子繞組匝間短路故障的存在性，還對故障的嚴重性做出了正確的判斷。 -
The nonlinear filtering for nbi estimate - subtract assumes that the prediction error is dominated by spread spectrum signal and the background noise power is far below spread spectrum chip power, this assumption promises the low error ratio of chip decision but may not be attainable to digitalized dsss receiver in military communication environment, and does not coincide with the principle of dsss communication that decreases bit error ratio ( ber ) depending on spread spectrum gain, not on chip power
在干擾估計抵消濾波中，以往的非線性濾波要求干擾抵消濾波后擴頻信號功率遠大於殘余噪聲功率，進而假設碼片判決的誤碼片率基本為零，這一要求對軍用擴頻通信是不利的，而且也不符合擴頻通信利用擴頻增益降低誤碼率的原則。 -
Doing the further research on the division frequency stack on the foundation of study of predecessor, at first the residual moveout correction is done to the seismic record, make the phase axle regularity, doing foundation for the same phase stack ; then carried on division scale processing by wavelet transform ; spectrum whitening is done to each scale, the high and low frequency band need to do prolongs, the middle frequency bands only increase the value of the frequency spectrum ; several kinds of methods that estimate the value of signal - noise ratio has been studied further, and summarize their advantage and disadvantage as well as the scope of application ; the seismic record after spectrum whitening is stacked by weighting with the value of the signal - noise ratio ; then estimate the value of signal - noise ratio which is each scale section after stacking, the scale that the signal - noise ratio is big is assigned big weighting, otherwise, the scale that signal - noise ratio value is small is assigned small weight ing, and carried on weighted reconstruct to each scale section
本文在前人研究的基礎上，在分頻疊加方面做了進一步的研究。首先對地震記錄進行剩餘時差校正，校齊同相軸，為同相疊加做好基礎工作；然後對地震記錄用小波變換的方法進行分尺度處理；對各個尺度分別做譜白化，對于高、低頻段需要做頻帶延拓，中間頻段僅提升頻譜值；對于幾種信噪比定量估計的方法進行了深入的研究，並且總結了它們的優缺點以及適用范圍；對譜白化后的地震記錄用信噪比估計值作為加權系數進行加權疊加；對于各尺度的疊加剖面也進行信噪比估計，對于信噪比大的尺度給予大的加權系數，反之，信噪比值小的尺度給予小的加權系數，對各尺度疊加剖面進行加權重構。 -
In the paper, by using bp ( back propagation ) method of ann, we can get the relationship between grading, asphalt - aggregate ratio, bulk density, percentage of voids, test temperature and ds. at the same time, we can get the relationship between grading, asphalt - aggregate ratio, bulk density, percentage of voids, test temperature and viscoelastic parameter. at last, we can estimate the ds and draw the deformation curve
本文應用bp人工神經元網路，建立瀝青混合料的礦料通過百分率、瀝青用量、毛體積密度、空隙率、試驗溫度與瀝青混合料粘彈性參數的關系，或建立瀝青混合料的礦料通過百分率、瀝青用量、毛體積密度、空隙率、試驗溫度與車轍試驗動穩定度值的關系，從而預估車轍試驗的動穩定度值和繪制車轍試驗變形曲線。 -
In this thesis, we put forward floating ratio pricing method. it is a way by the searching pricing function of market to find a fair price that can be accepted by each side. based of this, we get the model to estimate the reduction speed and the reluctant tactic
因此本文提出了浮動比率定價漸進減持的方案，利用市場尋價功能去發現一個公平的能為各方接受的價格，並提出了建立減持速度估計模型的方法以及相關的政策建議。 -
The performance characteristics of hydraulic structures are affected by many external factors. the estimate of their real operating states require the evaluation of many parameters such as the elastic modulus, the damping ratio, the friction coefficient, etc, which are extremely difficult to determine with traditional calculation methods or model test. a solution to overcome the difficulty could to be the combination of mathematical model and inverse finite element analysis based on the observed data
由於水工建築物具有體積大，外界作用因素復雜等特點，採用常規的理論分析和模型試驗方法對其進行計算復核以及安全評價時，往往由於未知因素過多，導致研究結果精度和可信度不理想，因此，利用原型監測資料建立正、反分析模型，以掌握其實際運行狀態和變化規律的方法已在水利工程等諸多領域得到深入發展和廣泛應用。 -
To estimate the influence of the flatness ratio on hydrodynamic performance, a group of torque converters with different widths were investigated by cfd simulation to improve the power diversity and reduce the mass based on the variable - width circulatory circle torque converter design method
摘要在變寬度循環圓設計方法的基礎上，為提高液力傳動系統功率密度，減輕質量，對幾組不同寬度比循環圓的變矩器進行了cfd （計算流體動力學）數值模擬，藉以評估對其整體傳動性能的影響。 -
We chose suitable tcp throughput model to estimate the available bandwidth correctly, using the estimated round trip time and packet loss ratio for the next time interval as parameters of the model to achive the accuracy of estimated network bandwidth. as the observed losses and round trip time vary very dynamically, adjust the sending rate equivalent to the amount of tcp throughput may result in a rather fluctuant sending rate. so we present a rate adjustment like tcp congestion control based on aimd, which increases its sending rate by an additive inereease rate
根據mpeg4視頻流應用的特點，選擇合適的吞吐量模型，進行合理的參數估計，並根據計算出的帶寬進行相應的速率調整來實現擁塞控制，我們使用未來rtt的估計值和分組丟失率的估計值作為吞吐量模型的參數，增強了控制的實時性，弱化了業務的振蕩性，提高了帶寬預測的準確性；在進行速率調整時，不是簡單地將發送速率調整到與tcp吞吐量模型一致，而是採用類似tcp的aimd策略來調節發送速率，減小了發送速率的振蕩性。 -
Then it was used to estimate self - purification capacities, environmental capacities, surplus environmental capacities, budgets, and residence times of din and po4 - p in jiaozhou bay. new production and f ratio in jiaozhou bay were also discussed by application of the model
應用該模型對膠州灣din和po _ 4 - p的自凈容量、環境容量、剩餘環境容量、收支狀況、逗留時間以及膠州灣的初級生產力、新生產力和f比值進行研究，主要結論如下： 1
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