exchange rate effects 中文意思是什麼
exchange rate effects
解釋
匯率變動之影響-
These effects of the exchange-rate depreciation do not erase the effect of initial loss of export income.
匯價下跌的這些影響並不會消除最初的出口收入損失的影響。 -
Then, the paper compares the characteristics of pegged exchange rate regime, free float exchange rate regime, and the regimes intervenient from the aspect of trading, policies, economic development, etc. the paper studies the effects of exchange rate regimes on macroeconomic in the different de jure and de facto classifications of regimes ; analyses factors affecting the selection of exchange rate regimes, and emphasizes on the capital mobility factor
文章概括了匯率制度研究的不同視角並以此為基礎選定了本文的研究角度，然後從貿易、政策、經濟發展等角度比較了固定匯率制度和浮動匯率制度的特點，並對介於兩者之間的各種匯率制度的特徵進行了比較。接著，從匯率制度名義分類法和事實分類法等角度研究了各種匯率制度對經濟績效的影響。 -
Energy consumption of heating rooms will increase when air exchange rate become large. because the mechanisms of heating methods used currently, such as radiator heating, ceiling heating and warm - air heating, are different from each - other, the indoor thermal environment is not the same when each one of them employed for room heating. for enhancing energy efficiency of heating rooms, indoor thermal comfort and energy saving effects should be investigated when natural ventilation is used to make a good air quality indoors
房間換氣次數的增加勢必導致供暖房間能耗加大，頂棚輻射、散熱器和熱風等三種採暖方式由於供暖機理不同，形成的室內熱環境特徵不同，通風換氣時產生的通風熱損失也有所區別，為了提高大換氣量房間的供暖節能效果，必須對不同供暖方式在大換氣量情況下的熱舒適性與節能效應進行研究。 -
The favourable effects on exports, income and employment of the deflation - induced, accumulative fall in the real effective exchange rate will more than compensate for the depressing effects on consumption and investment of deflation - induced high real interest rates
由通縮引起的實質港元匯率的累計跌幅對出口收入及就業所帶來的有利影響，足以抵銷由通縮引起的實質利率上升所造成遏抑消費與投資的影響。 -
The use of interest rates under these circumstances is a lot less likely than in less favourable circumstances to lead to exchange rate, price, financial market, trade and other effects that negate or even over - compensate the interest rate effects
相反，若是條件不那麼理想，那麼在匯率物價金融市場貿易及其他方面可能會造成反響，以致抵消利率政策的原定作用，甚至造成反效果。 -
Exchange rate adjustments may not have the desired effects on the balance of international payments and they are almost certainly uncontrollable
如果更改匯率制度，不但未必可以達到預期的國際收支差額效果，更可能會陷入失控的地步。 -
The state taking place of market as economic running mechanism played a prominent role in regulating economic activities such as : enacted regulations to control price, allocated foreign exchange, created lots of public enterprises, restricted trade, overvalued foreign exchange rate, et al. to some extent, this kind of economic policy was necessary and brought positive effects to african countries. but every thing has two sides, so does this economic policy
在政府制定的各項經濟政策中，政府將大筆資金用於興建基礎設施、公共部門和各類補貼；干預信貸資金規模、配置及規定較低的利率；制定經濟發展計劃，確定經濟發展目標，實行廣泛的國有化；對主導產業提供支持和保護等等，無不體現政府作為主要經濟運行機制的影響以及對經濟活動的干預和控制。 -
With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。 -
A recent study investigated the effects of real exchange rate misalignment and instability on economic performance.
最近的一項研究調查了實際匯率失調和動蕩對經濟實績的影響。 -
But until now, the managed - floating exchange rate mechanism ( in fact, more management than floating ), together with interest rate control in china, has made monetary transmission mechanism different from that in other countries. the non - performing loan and unreasonable property right regime in banking system have negative effects on the effectiveness of monetary policy
但直到目前，利率的管制以及名義上的「管理浮動」而實際上「管理有餘而浮動不足」的剛性匯率制度使我國的貨幣政策傳導機制存在著特殊性；銀行體系存在的壞賬及產權制度的不合理也影響貨幣政策有效性的發揮。 -
The 4th chapter examines the effect of china ' s wto accession on the stability of current exchange regime through the channel of trade, capital flow, balance of international payment and financial servic e liberalization provided the commitment china made during the accession would be fulfilled without discount. one of conclusions drawn from the analysis is that flexibility of china ' s exchange rate regime should be increased to cushion the external shocks whose effects tend to amplify in new environment
第五章討論了中國加入wto后具體的匯率制度選擇和安排問題，在分析了需要和現實約束條件的基礎上，提出了一個匯率制度與貨幣政策體系聯動的安排方案，匯率制度採用一籃子盯住爬行的帶有區間的有管理浮動匯率制，以賦予貨幣政策足夠的靈活性來各類來自國內外的真實沖擊。 -
This paper introduced the experimental results for ground - source water / water heat pump, analyzed the effects of the variety flux on system performance coefficients, which showed that the optimal operation flux is 1000 ( l / h ) and provided the heat exchange rate per unit depth of coil, 45 80 ( w / m ). compared the exchang - heat - curveline in winter with that in summer, through which showed the advantages of gshp in mode of heating and cooling on long - period operation
本文介紹了地源水-水熱泵全年冬夏暖冷聯供的實驗結果以及過渡季地溫的恢復情況，分析了系統流量對熱泵性能參數的影響，獲得了最佳運行流量為1000 （ l / h ） 。並實測得到單位管深換熱率及埋管的有關性能指標。 -
The general measures carried out by african countries are as follows : reduced administrative rationing of foreign exchange, eliminated many non - tariff barrier, allowed the private sector to compete with parastatals freely, adopted price formulas with a clear link to world pricing, devalued the real exchange rate, reduced the taxation of african fanners, relaxed labor control et al. the implementation of these measures and the transition of economic policy led to the positive effects, got the price - market signals right and promoted the allocation of economic resources
雖然政策調整過程中有一些新問題出現，但從總體上講，以市場為導向的經濟政策在一定程度上消除了經濟發展過程中存在的障礙，促進了生產要素按照市場原則進行最優的配置，有利於市場體系的建立、健全，並逐步強化了市場競爭機制，促進了資源的有效配置和經濟的發展。 -
Members considered an information paper that presented an estimate of a monetary conditions index for hong kong, which was a weighted sum of the real interest rate and the real effective exchange rate reer, with weights reflecting the relative effects of the two variables on aggregate demand
委員會成員審閱了一份載有關于估計香港的貨幣狀況指數的資料文件，貨幣狀況指數是實質利率與實質港匯指數的加權總和，而有關權數反映兩者對整體需求相對的影響。 -
The exchange rate fluctuation has many effects on the economy. the analysis to such effects is quite valuable
匯率波動對於一國的經濟有各種的影響，其效應分析也極富有現實意義。 -
Empirical study on effects of real rmb exchange rate on trade income and expenses
淺論債務對實際匯率的沖擊影響 -
Rmb appreciation exerts unfavorable effects on domestic enterprises oriented to foreign contracting, which include mainly the rmb income decrease and the increases of labour power cost and domestic procurement cost induced by exchange rate risk
摘要人民幣升值對我國對外承包企業具有不利的影響，主要有：匯率風險導致人民幣收入減少、人力成本和國內采購成本增加等。 -
Then arouses the question of the regime ' s reorientation for the choice of floating exchange rate, so that the advantage that exist theoretically under floating exchange rate regime have few effects in practice
然而，在中國金融進一步開放中，選擇浮動匯率制又受到眾多的硬性約束，實踐中難以發揮理論上完全浮動匯率制度的優點。 -
Exchange rate system and effects of macro - adjustment
匯率制度與宏觀調控效應 -
Powerful refrigeration ： turbo air flow is adopted with high heat exchange rate and excellent refrigerating effects
製冷強：採用渦流式風流，熱交換效果絕佳，製冷效果好。
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