flood flow 中文意思是什麼

flood flow 解釋
洪水徑流
  • flood : n 1 洪水，水災。2 溢流，漲水，潮水最高點，泛濫，洶涌。3 〈詩〉河，湖，海。4 充溢，豐富；大量，一...
  • flow : vi 1 流，流動。2 （血液等）流通，循環。3 流過；川流不息；（時間）飛逝；（言語等）流暢。4 （衣服、...
  1. The dissertion, after introducing physical geography situation and societal economic sitiuation of chongqing, has also analysed the basic feature of water resources in chongqing, at present the water resources utilization in chongqing is still in traditional phase. there are so many faults and shortcomings in water resources management system. the construction of water resources institutions and regulations is fallen behind. the supply of water resoures has not sufficiently satisfied the demand to water resources. the condition of water quality has not radically improved. soil losses is still serious. the incidence of flood and drought is very high. in accordance with present condition of water resources utilization in chongqing, the dissertion argues that it should strengthen people ' s understanding to water resources sustainable utilization for chongqing ; reform the present water rexources management system and have a try on water affairs management system in chongqing ; make effort to construction of water resources " institutions and regulations ; realize demand management, constuct save - water model society ; according to actual condition, strength water utilization constrution, then realize the balance between water resources supply and demand ; according to the idea of " control resources, conduct flow ", control water pollution, realize sanitary generation ; control soil losses and protect water enviroment ; construc t the system of flood control and diaster prevent

    在對重慶市的自然地理情況和社會經濟情況作了介紹之後，還分析了重慶市水資源的基本特徵，目前重慶市的水資源利用還處在傳統的開發利用階段，水資源管理體制還存在許多弊端，水的法規制度建設也相對落後，水的供給還不能完全滿足需求，水質狀況沒有得到根本性的改善，水土流失還很嚴重，水旱災害發生的頻率比較高。針對重慶市水資源利用的現狀，本文提出：應加強對水資源持續利用的認識；改革目前重慶市的水管理體制，嘗試水務局管理體制，相應加強水的法規和制度建設，實現需水管理，建立節水型社會；根據實際情況，加強水利建設，實現水的供需平衡；依據「控源導流」的思想控制水污染，實現清潔生產；治理水土流失，保護水環境；建設防洪減災體系。
  2. The basic pattern during flood tides is for oceanic water to flow north into mirs bay and west through lei yue mun into victoria harbour and through kap shui mun and the ma wan channel. this flow is reversed during the ebb tide

    潮漲時的基本模式是海水向北流入大鵬灣，西經鯉魚門流入維多利亞港，北通汲水門及馬灣海峽；潮退時水流方向則相反。
  3. The hyperbolic conservation laws with relaxation appear in many physical systems such as nonequilibrium gas dynamics, flood flow with friction, magnetohydrodynamics, etc. firstly, the thesis proves that there exists a unique global smooth solution for the cauthy problem to the hyperbolic conservation laws system with relaxation ; secondly, in the large time station, the thesis proves that the global smooth solutions of the hyperbolic conservation laws system with relaxation converge to rarefaction waves solution at a determined l ( p > 2 ) decay rate

    帶鬆弛項的雙曲型守恆律組出現在諸多的物理系統中。例如，非平衡態的氣體動力學、帶摩擦的水流、磁動力學等。本文首先證明，帶鬆弛項的雙曲型守恆律組的柯西問題的整體光滑解的存在唯一性；其二，證明了帶鬆弛項的雙曲型守恆律組的解與相應的平衡態守恆律的稀疏波解在大時間狀態下的l ~ p衰減率。
  4. The main process of regional ecological risk assessment includes 5 stages : regional analysis, risk receptor selection, risk sources analysis, exposure and hazard analysis, and integrated risk assessment. arming at flood, drought, storm tide, petroleum pollution accident and flow breaking in the lower huanghe river, the probability and distribution of each kind of risk sources are evaluated. the authors bring forward indexes and formulas to measure hazarded degree and risk value of ecosystem. by using remote sensing data, historic record, survey data and by means of geographical information system, regional ecological risk assessment is finished. on the basis of assessment result, the environmental risk management countermeasure of the huanghe river delta is advanced

    以黃河三角洲為例進行了區域生態風險評價理論和方法的探討。針對黃河三角洲主要生態風險源洪澇乾旱風暴潮災害油田污染事故以及黃河斷流的概率進行了分級評價並提出度量生態損失與生態風險的指標和公式，分析了風險源的危害作用運用遙感資料歷史記錄調查數據和地理信息系統gis技術，完成了區域生態風險綜合評價在此基礎上提出黃河三角洲的區域生態風險管理對策。
  5. Mathematical model is used to calculate and analyze water line in case of 9 kinds of flood flow levels respectively in reservoir. there are two programs including with enclose tideland for cultivation and without it in every flow level

    利用數學模型分別對9個洪水流量級進行了水庫沿程水面線計算分析，每個流量級分有圍墾堤和沒有圍墾堤兩個方案。
  6. And the resuits are as follows : the main hazards in rural area were flood, water - logging, landslide and debris flow, whereas water - logging in cities ; the catastrophe was caused by the natural factors including the heavy rain due to the strong tropical storm, the mountainous terrain conditions in xiangjiang river basin, and the man - made factors including unreasonable project construction, the imperfect disaster warning mechanism, the weak consciousness on disaster prevention and the unperfect disaster risk transfer mechanism etc

    結果表明：農村的主要致災因子是洪水、內澇、滑坡、泥石流，而城市主要為內澇；此次巨災是在強熱帶風暴引發的暴雨、湘江流域中上游多山的地形條件等自然因素，和工程建設不合理、災害預警機制不夠完善、人們防災意識薄弱以及災害風險轉移機制不夠成熟等人為因素的共同作用下導致的。
  7. On the basis of the previous studies, a systematical study on the test and analysis of the atomization model is made herein based on both the prototype test and model test for jiangya dam, and then the data processing system for the atomized water particle size is developed as well ; which is a new trial carried out for the model law for the intensity of rainfall from atomization of flood - discharging flow

    摘要在以往的研究成果基礎上，結合江埡大壩原、模型測試成果，對霧化模型的測試分析技術進行了系統研究，開發了霧化粒度數據處理系統，對泄洪霧化雨強的模型律進行了新的探索。
  8. When catchment area, average channel gradient and catchment shape factor of designed culvert or bridge are known, a user can be convenient to get local parameters c, e and b from standard contour charts and easy to calculate flood flow just by a calculator. design period of flood flow is enormously shortened as well as a high precision. estimated flood flow through culvert or small bridge by new calculation model is generally less than by traditional methods, so that much cost is cut down a s reducing the span of culvert or small bridge

    以75000km ~ 2的川中丘陵地區為試點研究區，繪制了該地區新模型的參數等值線圖，率定了不同設計頻率的改正系數，使設計者只需在地形圖上獲取集水面積，河道平均坡降和流域形狀系數，在參數等值線圖上查得橋涵所在地的相應參數，使用計算器即可迅速計算出設計流量，大大縮短了設計周期，且精度較高，設計的洪水流量一般低於傳統方法，從而可減小橋涵跨徑，節省投資。
  9. So according to the technology regulation of reclamation engineering, hydraulic calculation must be carried out in the design of final closure. this paper firstly introduces the progression and present situation of reclamation engineering, emphasizing on the features of present reclamation and on the experiences and theories of home and abroad ; using fortran perfects the hydraulic calculation program of the closure and makes the program to meet different conditions ( such as considering flood, the variation of time interval, multi - entrance, multi - reservoir capacity ), and after comparing and analyzing a great deal of schemes, the reasonable computation scheme was brought up ; the interface of the program was carried out by the programming language vb to make the process of calculation become easier and more distinct, so the result can be analyzed and handled more directly ; vb is used in the later management of the result to plot the graphic chart of the isoline of the maximum of hydraulic element ( the velocity of flow, the drop height and the rate of flow ) automatically ; finally it was applied in the reclamation project of dongbidao of fuqing

    本文首先介紹圍海工程的發展進程與國內外圍海的開發現狀，重點介紹了我國目前圍海工程的特點及在圍海工程實踐中積累的經驗和理論；利用fortran語言完善堵口工程龍口水力計算程序，使程序可以滿足圍海工程復雜工況下（如考慮內港洪水、計算時段的變化、多口門、多庫容、多水閘）的龍口水力計算，並進行大量方案的比較和分析，提出合理計算方案；利用面向對象的可視化編程語言vb進行界面開發，使計算過程有良好的人機界面，更直觀地對計算結果進行分析和處理；計算結果的后處理採用vb編程實現龍口水力要素最大值等值線圖的繪制；並運用所編軟體對福建省福清市東壁島圍墾工程進行龍口水力計算，為堵口合龍提供科學依據。
  10. ( 5 ) the maximum water level risen by the enclose tideland cultivation around the reservoir is 0. 66m, the responding quality is 2000mvs, which heavily effect the environment around the reservoir. the reservoir " s water level is risen because cross section and flood canal become narrow, which caused by building dam, this makes groundwater unsmooth, drainage, even flow from a lower to a higher space and soil salinized

    66m ，且為2000m 』兒的常年洪水，對庫區周邊環境的影響較大，因打壩築堤縮小過水斷面和行洪通道造成水庫水位進一步抬升，致使庫區周邊灌區地下水排水不暢，乃至倒灌，型成士地鹽堿化。
  11. In this paper, some characteristics of flow movement and sediment transport are analyzed by using the flume experiment data. the cross section of compound channel can be divided into four regions : the undisturbed region in main channel, the interactive region between channel and plain, the undisturbed region in flood plain and the boundary region. in the undisturbed regions, the distribution of longitudinal velocity along the depth has the feature of lograithmic. whereas, in the interactive region, the longitudinal velocity does not obey the logarithmic distribution law, but it can expressed as a revised logarithmic function by using a wake function. on the basis of the kinematic equation the velocity distribution of transverse velocity is obtained. in the boundary region, the longitudinal velocity obeys the law of parabolic distribution. furthermore, according to the simplified diffusion equation, the transverse distribution of sediment concentration in the interactive region is deduced. the analysis is in good agreement with the measured data

    本文根據漫灘水流的運動特點，將漫灘水流的復式斷面分為主槽平衡區、灘槽交互區、灘地平衡區及邊壁區等4個區，並給出了各區寬度的經驗公式.根據灘槽交互區垂線流速分佈的變化特點，提出了附加尾流函數的對數流速分佈公式.在簡化水流運動方程和泥沙擴散方程的基礎上，對灘槽交互區內垂線平均流速及含沙量沿橫向分佈進行了理論分析，提出了反映灘槽水流動量交換強度的橫向渦量粘性系數及橫向擴散系數的表達式，得到了漫灘水流垂線平均流速及含沙量沿橫向分佈的解析解，並與實測資料吻合較好
  12. The main work is done with the help of model experiment. in the flood - relief experiment, the flood carrying capacity of spillway tunnel is checked. in the hydraulic experiment of the diversion power conduit system, the followings are studied : the flow condition and fluctuation in the surge chamber, the distribution of flow velocity before the rack in the surge shaft, the amplitude of stage in the quick gate bay etc. the test step, content and results of different proposals are introduced in details

    本項優化試驗研究的目的主要在於，通過泄洪系統整體水力學試驗，校核泄洪洞的泄流能力；通過發電引水系統整體水力學試驗，研究調壓井內水流流態和水位波動情況、調壓井內攔污柵前流速分佈情況；確定快速閘門井內水位波動幅度；試驗確定壓力管道水擊壓力穿井系數以及泄洪洞弧形門處的水壓力。
  13. However, it lacks runoff data in absolutely most areas where culvert and small bridge locate. some traditional design method, such as the methods of statistic zone parameter, modification by catchment area, rainfall - runoff, reasoning formula and empiric equation et al, are used to estimate flood flow through culvert or bridge

    然而，絕大多數中小橋涵所在地卻沒有可利用的徑流資料，通常採用統計分區法，面積改正法、暴雨徑流法、推理公式和經驗公式等傳統設計方法，這些方法一般比較繁瑣、精度較低、設計的流量偏大，導致工程造價偏高而浪費資金。
  14. The comprehensive control of soil and water loess makes the seasonal distribution of river flow more even by reducing more in flooding season and less in non - flooding season. the paper proposed a method to analyze the impact of the integrated control of soil and water loess on flood flow in a large - scale catchment

    水土流失綜合治理使汛期徑流量減少程度大，非汛期減少程度小，從而使枯季徑流量占年徑流量的比例增加，汛期徑流量的比例降低，徑流量的季節分配趨于均勻。
  15. Hydrology regime and river channel evolution become complex because of double influences of river flow and tide. there is little appropriate method so far. therefore, when the impact us assessed of water project on flood control, the following aspects should be focused on, river evolution and stability of project - sections, design tidal level, flood - tide combination scheme, pre - project and post - project impacts on river channel, water level and flow condition

    長江河口段為潮流河段，徑流潮流的雙重作用使得區域水文情勢、河道演變規律錯綜復雜，開展防洪影響評價研究時，河道演變及工程段穩定性分析，設計潮位的分析計算，洪潮組合方案擬定，工程前後對河道及水位流態影響的模擬等均是目前尚無十分成熟的方法，需要進一步研究的課題。
  16. Speciality in consultation field : research, design and supervision for sediment engineering in rivers, harbors and waterways, inclusive of river processes, flow and sediment motion, flood control engineering, selection of harbor location, navigation training works, bridge, and water supply projects, etc

    從事河流治理和港口航道方面的泥沙工程科學研究和設計、監理工作，包括河道演變和水流泥沙運動規律、防洪工程、河港選址和航道整治工程、橋梁和取水工程等方面。
  17. Based on theory of water travel in catchment and reasoning formula, a new calculation model for flood flow design of culvert and small bridge in sichuan hilly area where is no runoff data is derived in the paper

    因此，本文以著名的流域匯流公式為主，引入推理公式的思想，進行合理的概化導出了適合於四川丘陵地區無徑流資料的中小橋涵設計洪水計算的新模型。
  18. ( 5 ) according to the calculated average section velocity. we can decide the type of the revetment. ( 6 ) when the scour hole depth of the dam head and trail parts is calculated inthe paper. we can validate whether the revetment material is strong enough to resist the degradation of the flood flow

    根據以上計算所得的各斷面平均流速，初步確定需要鋪設的摘要護面類型計算在鋪設護面以後壩首和壩末的沖坑深度，以驗證護面材料是否可以抵抗洪水泄流的沖刷。
  19. So the drought flow pattern or flood flow pattern is the characteristic of whole atmosphere. 2

    這說明少雨流型、多雨流型是一個整層的特徵。
  20. Monthly average composite potential geographical high in nine levels ( 850hpa, 700hpa, 600hpa, 500hpa, 200hpa, 100hpa, 70hpa, 50hpa, 30hpa ) are studied, and we also study the composite potential geographical high ' s similarity between 500hpa and other eight levels. all the studies show that the drought flow pattern " west positive east negative " and flood flow pattern " west negative east positive " not only exist in 500hpa presented in 80s last century, but also exist in other levels

    並計算了500hpa合成高度場與其餘8個層次合成高度場旱、澇流型的相似性度量，結果表明：上世紀八十年代提出的500hpa層次上高原東北側「西正東負」 （或「西高東低」 ）少雨流型及「西負東正」 （或「西低東高」 ）多雨流型的特徵，在850hpa 70hpa整層大氣中仍然存在。
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