frequency shaping 中文意思是什麼
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Delay line oscillator is composed of broadband amprifer adjustable attenuator and saw sensor device. after output signal of delay line oscillator is smoothed, it mixes with 109mhz local oscillation signal. its differential frequency signal is smoothed by low - pass filter trimmed by shaping circuit and processed by digital processing circuit
延遲線振蕩器由寬帶放大器、可調衰減器和聲表面波質量傳感器件構成。延遲線振蕩器輸出信號經濾波后與109mhz的本機晶體振蕩器輸出信號相混頻，通過低通濾波取其差頻，並經整形後由數字信號處理電路處理。 -
Two simulation algorithms of realization channel characteristic are analyzed emphatically : shaping of slow fading with correlation and generation of frequency - selected multipath fading
重點分析了實現通道特性模擬的兩種演算法：慢衰落的相關性整形和頻率選擇性多徑衰落。 -
As to the frequency domain methods, the physical significations of the h performance targets, the selection strategy of the weighting functions, loop - shaping and standard problems of robust h control are discussed. frequency domain design methods of robust h control are also introduced to solve the congestion control problem of the high - speed communication networks, which based on flow rate control
頻域方法方面研究了h性能指標的意義、權函數的選取、迴路成形及h控制標準問題；最後把h控制頻域設計方法應用於解決高速通信網路基於流速的擁塞控制問題。 -
Based on the introduction and analysis of the approach of h ( subscript ) loop shaping, aiming at the problems that the weight functions are chosen by trial and error, and the synthetical performance index of the controller is hard to meet the frequency and time domain performance requirements, an improved weight function selection method is proposed based on engineering design and chaos optimization
摘要在介紹和分析h （下標）迴路成形基本設計力法的基礎上，針對權重函數選取需要反復迭代、過程繁瑣、所得控制器難以同時滿足時域和頻域性能指標等問題，提出了一種基於工程設計、輔以混沌優化理論的權重函數選取方法。 -
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映 -
Moreover, sampling at high frequency eliminates the need for abrupt cutoffs in the analog anti - aliasing filters. a technique of noise shaping is used in - converters in addition to oversampling to achieve a high - resolution
由於在- a d轉換器中使用噪聲整形技術和過采樣技術，可以用一個簡單的模擬電路加上復雜的數字電路使整個a d達到一個很高的轉換精度。 -
It is found that there is a competition among the modes such as tm _ ( 01 ), tm _ ( 11 ) and tm _ ( 21 ) because of their similar work frequency in the experiment of rbwo with a coaxial structure, then tm _ ( 01 ) mode couldn ’ t work steadily. after shaping rectangular slot in the inner - conductor, the space between modes is enlarged, tm _ ( 01 ) mode would work steadily
在同軸返波管的實驗中發現:模式tm _ （ 01 ） ， tm _ （ 11 ）以及tm _ （ 21 ）的工作頻率十分接近，存在模式競爭問題，使得tm _ （ 01 ）不能成為穩定的工作模式，但在同軸返波管內導體加矩形開槽后，發現模式之間的間隔增大，從而使tm _ （ 01 ）成為穩定的工作模式。 -
Various kinds of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, 90 and 180seamless elbow, sharp bend elbow, plate tube, concentrated pipe and all kinds of pipe fitting made by of company with intermediate frequency induction heating bending shaping craft are features in smooth surface both in inside and outside, even thickness of pipe wall and other advantages, and our products are proved by state science technology commission, national ministry of labor and other authoritative department after the quality inspection that the products of us conforms to the national standard and different standards of different industries
公司採用中頻感應加熱推製成型工藝，生產的各種碳鋼合金鋼不銹鋼90 180無縫彎頭，急彎彎管盤管集合管及各種管道配件具有組織緻密，內外表面光滑，壁厚均勻等優點，經國家科委勞動部等技術權威部門對技術進行檢測均符合中華人民共和國國標及各行業標準。公司自行設計製造了3條推製成型流水線，可生產18 - 630的各種材質壁厚無縫彎頭。 -
A new method, which uses shaping circuit and programmable computer controller with appropriate software to measure frequency, is initially applied which overcomes the problems of low reliability and slow responding process of traditional frequency measurement unit, improves the reliability and dynamic quality of frequency measurement and expedites the responding speed effectively
首次提出了一種由整形電路和可編程計算機控制器配以適當軟體完成頻率測量的方法，有效地解決了plc調速器測頻環節存在的可靠性差及響應速度慢的問題，提高了頻率測量的可靠性及動態品質。 -
The proposed control system includes the attitude controller acting on the rigid hub, designed by using pulse - width pulse - frequency ( pwpf ) modulation integrated with command shaping technique based on csvs method, and the piezoelectric material elements as sensors / actuators bonded on the surface of the beam appendages, designed by the optimal positive position feedback ( oppf ) control technique, in which the selection of ppf gains is determined via introducing a cost function to be minimized by feedback gains which are subject to the stability criterion at the
設計的控制器僅利用輸出信息，從而避免設計撓性模態狀態觀測器以及引入狀態觀測器誤差;在此基礎上，採用分力合成方法設計命令成形控制器來抑制撓性附件的振動，設計的優化命令成形控制信號在理論上可以對系統的各階撓性模態完全抑制。但考慮到模型不確定性和外部擾動，在內迴路又設計了最優正位置反饋（ oppf ）補償器以增加撓性結構的阻尼，使撓性結構的振動能夠很快衰減。 -
Study on dual frequency electromagnetic confinement and shaping process for stainless steel
不銹鋼的雙頻電磁約束成形工藝參數優化 -
In this paper, we proposed three approaches : watermark scrambling, amplitude shaping and adaptive prediction - based frequency domain shaping
在本文中，我們提出了三種方法：水印隨機化，幅度整形和自適應預測頻率域整形。 -
This paper investigates the problems about the base - band signal shaping and the multi - rate signal processing of the radio - frequency signal
本文對基帶信號的成形和射頻信號的多速率處理進行了研究。 -
The main contents of this paper are outlined as follows, ( 1 ) the physical significations and the correlativities of the often - used h performance targets are summarized, the selection strategies of the weighting functions are researched, and loop - shaping method as well as standard problems of robust h control are introduced. the frequency domain methods of robust h control are also introduced to solve the rate - based congestion control problem of the high - speed communication networks, and the h based controller are designed to deal with the time - delay problem of the single bottleneck node and multiple resources networks
主要研究內容包括（ 1 ）總結了各種常見h性能指標的物理意義及相互關系，探索了權函數的選取策略，介紹了迴路成形方法及h控制標準問題；最後把h控制頻域設計方法應用於解決高速通信網路基於流速的擁塞控制問題，設計基於h控制理論的流控制器用於解決多源單瓶頸網路中時變不確定多時滯問題。 -
The article in lead - zinc mineral tailing transmission pumps electric motors automatic control system of huang - shaping, for example, a detailed account of the system frequency conversion governor, ultrasound liquid position controller design models, debugging points and parameters set methods, and energy saving effect of a careful analysis
摘要文章以黃沙坪鉛鋅礦尾礦輸送泵電動機自動控制系統為實例，詳細介紹了系統中變頻調速器、超聲波液位控制器的設計選型、調試要點和參數設定方法，並對節能效果進行了認真分析。 -
Study on temperature field in dual - frequency electromagnetic shaping process
雙頻電磁約束成形過程的溫度場研究
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