functional cost 中文意思是什麼

functional cost 解釋
功能成本
  • functional : adj 1 官能的，機能的。2 在起作用的；職務上的。3 【數學】函數的。4 【建築】從使用的觀點設計[構成]...
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. Based on an analysis of the history and present status of the farmland - pastoral ecotone in the northern part of china, a new point of view was proposed in this paper for the construction of eco - environmental systems, namely, the industrial structure has to be modified so as to make a functional integration between different parts of the whole system : to give priority to a combination between cultivated grassland and in - shed feeding of domestic animals, and at the same time, to employ a new model of animal husbandry so that the degradated natural grassland can be recovered ; to develop a new type of processing industry for agricultural and forestal products so as to create a pluralistic enterprise structure ; to make a better use of water resources by taking advantages of the abundant resources of energy and minerals, and to restrain the expansion of industries of high environmental cost ; to employ techniques of integration management and restoration ecology, and to speed up the process of woodland and grassland recovery ; to make a thorough plan for arrangements of hills, waters, roads, farmlands, forests and pastures in order to gain an integration at landscape level

    摘要在簡要分析中國北方農牧交錯帶形成歷史和現狀的基礎上，提出了北方地區生態環境建設必須從產業結構調整出發、進行系統功能整合的思路：把人工飼草業舍飼畜牧業擺在農牧交錯帶經濟發展的優先位置，推行新型畜牧業經營管理模式，促進天然草場改良復壯；發展「綠色」農林牧產品精細加工業，建立多元化產業結構；發揮能源和礦產資源優勢，合理利用水資源，限制以破壞環境為代價的產業的發展；推廣區域綜合治理與生態恢復技術，加大退耕還林還草的力度；山、水、路、農、林、牧統一規劃，實現生態系統在景觀水平上的整合。
  2. ( 2 ) aiming at the requirement of safe storage of the electronic documents on the information integrated platform in manufacturing enterprise, using encryption / decryption and compression / uncompression techniques and saving the electronic documents as some special attribute object of large database and managing the enterprise electronic documents effectively through database, a safe access mechanism of functional grant < wp = 7 > and recommendatory grant to decrease grant management maintenance cost is proposed and the storage mechanism of special database attribute object is studied and the method for saving, accessing and retrieving electronic document quickly is constructed. thus these methods can make the electronic documents of information integrated platform in manufacturing enterprises get safe, reliable and quick access. ( 3 ) according to this circumstance in which web pages are selected as the user interface of manufacturing application system, the safe measures of access control over web page resources are provided

    （ 2 ）針對製造企業信息集成平臺中電子文檔安全存儲要求，採用加密和壓縮技術，將電子文檔作為大型數據庫中某種特殊屬性對象來存儲，以數據庫方式對企業電子文檔進行集成的、統一的管理，提出一種訪問控制的增強型安全設計原則，基於此原則建立了管理授權和推薦式授權的安全訪問機制，用以提高系統的訪問安全性，並大大減少授權管理維護量；研究了特殊屬性對象的數據庫存儲機理，從而構造一種快速存儲、訪問和檢索電子文檔的方法，使得企業信息集成平臺的電子文檔獲得安全、可靠、快速的訪問。
  3. Abstract : the author stated the low cost retrofit using distributed control system to replace the existing control system of sulphuration equipment. the functional configuration of the distributed control system, the hardware and software of the system, and the communication between system and each layer of network are introduced in detail

    文摘:提出採用集散型控制系統對現有的硫化設備控制系統進行低成本改造，詳細介紹硫化車間集散型控制系統的功能配置，系統的軟、硬體設計，系統及各層網路之間的通信。
  4. This paper researches the basic statistical rule of oil - gas dynamic system from the systematic theory, combining with the common characteristic and structure characteristic of oil - gas dynamic system, taking the design requirement of oil field development programming into consideration, by using of functional simulation principle ( including nn method, differential simulation method ) and historical data of oil field, establishes the in - out conjunctional relationship of dynamic index of oil field development, and researches the two level index prediction of development dynamic with both oil field and oil production plant on the basis of the in - out conjunctional relationship. furthermore, this paper analyzes the " decision - making variable ", " object " and " restriction terms " by the optimization theory and set up several optimal models which compose the oil field development programming, it is following : optimization model of the production composing ( solving the optimal composing of each subentry production and cor responding cost, workload, including the onshore thin oil production, the heavy oil thermal process production, tertiary oil recovery production, and the offshore production ) ; optimization model of measure production structure ( determining the optimal composing of each measure production and measure workload, which is composed of fracture, acidulation, capital repair and so on ) ; optimization model of the production distraction ( optimal distribution of the whole oil field production to each oil production plant ) and the integrated development programming model of oil field

    本文從系統理論出發研究油氣動態系統基本統計規律，結合油氣動態系統的一般特點，結構特點，兼顧油田開發規劃設計的要求，利用功能模擬原理（含神經網路方法、微分模擬方法） ，依據油田歷史數據，建立了油田開發動態指標間的輸入輸出關聯關系，並在此輸入輸出關聯關系的基礎上研究了油田及採油廠兩級的開發動態指標預測，同時利用最優化原理，在分析「決策變量」 、 「目標」及「約束條件」的基礎上建立了多個構成油田開發規劃的「優化模型」 ，這些優化模型包括：產量構成優化模型（解決陸上稀油產量、稠油熱采產量、三次採油產量、海上產量及對應的成本、工作量的最優構成問題） ；措施產量結構優化模型（解決壓裂、酸化、大修等各項措施產量及措施工作量的最優構成問題） ；產量分配優化模型（將油田的產量最優地分配到各採油廠）以及油田綜合開發規劃模型。
  5. Perfm studies lead cross - functional teams f the purpose of continuous improvement in productivity cost reduction

    貫徹實施在生產能力與降低成本方面的持續改進工作。
  6. Perform studies and lead cross - functional teams for the purpose of continuous improvement in productivity and cost reduction

    貫徹實施在生產能力與降低成本方面的持續改進工作。
  7. Flexibility, processability, low cost, interesting optical - electric properties and so on make organic materials be a good substitute for inorganic ones. modification of inorganics by organics can change surface properties of inorganics, for example, frictional, optical, electrical, chemical and biocompatible properties. on the other hand, many interests have been shown to integration of functional organics in si - base devices because of their great promise in optoelectronic, micro - electronic and sensor applications

    通過對無機半導體材料進行有機改性，可以改變無機材料的表面化學性質，生物相容性質，光電性質等等，因此，有機無機復合材料在光電器件、生物傳感、微電子器件的應用領域有著很好的應用前景，尤其是在微電子工業中廣泛使用的硅材料與有機光電材料的復合更是備受關注。
  8. Today, liquid crystal, a new functional material, has been applied more and more widely. on the side of display, owing to stable frarne, absolute environmental protecting, save electric energy and no tire for user, liquid crystal display keeps ahead among the range of display. with the developing of the technology of liquid crystsl, lcd will must substitute for crt and become the chief in market. in additin, liquid crystsl light filers which have been used in optic communicatins and light information handling, emply th e technical of combining the birefringence of liquid crystsl and fabry - petrot - type cavity. they manifest a series of merit, such as narrow band wide, deterioration low, wide tuning domain, simple structure and low cost, so liquid crystal light filter draw attention of many country

    現在，液晶作為一種新型功能材料越來越得到廣泛的應用，在電子顯示裝置中，液晶顯示器以其畫面平穩、真正安全環保、省電和使用者不易疲勞等優點領先於顯示器的行列中。隨著液晶技術的發展，液晶顯示器將取代crt顯示器逐步成為未來市場的主流。此外，應用於光通信和光信息處理中的電調諧液晶濾光片，採用液晶材料的雙折射和電光效應與傳統f - p腔相結合，表現出窄帶寬、低損耗、調諧范圍寬、驅動電壓低、結構簡單、低成本等一系列優點，而日益受到各國研究部門的關注。
  9. The effects of electronic trading on operational efficency include the participation of enough traders, accurate and immediate information dissemitaion, the conveniences of trading, etc. as to the functional efficency, electronic trading can bring down the cost of equity capital and equity premium, which means that electronic trading is beneficial to the efficiency of financing

    針對各證券市場權益資本成本和股權溢價的實證研究發現，電子交易取代人工交易之後，企業的權益資本成本顯著降低，這無疑有利於提高證券市場在動員儲蓄轉化為投資方面的效率。第六章關注證券市場電子交易的風險及其監管問題。
  10. The dissertation that integrates with m supplies general model of qualified evaluation discusses the relationships among three types of mathematical models. part three, consisting of chapter 4, chapter 5 and chapter 6, revolves on mathematical technology of higher education evaluation by dealing with evaluation in the light of specific conditions, such as suitable condition, functional mechanism, assurance principle, technological cost

    主要是通過實際評價的案例分析，對確定性數學模型、隨機數學模型和模糊數學模型三類模型中的一些具體模型的適用條件、功能機制、技術成本、保障機制，結合具體地高等教育評價對象（領域）進行了較深入、較系統的研究。
  11. By combining model evaluation, distinguishing feature university evaluation and responding evaluation with qualified evaluation, the dissertation offers a few models of qualified evaluation. chapter 3 discusses quantified evaluation, which consists of connotation, basic hypothesis, medium, suitable condition, functional mechanism, assurance principle, teclmological cost, differentiating quanified evaluation from qupeitative evaluation, and limitation of quanitative evaluation

    第三章研究高等教育量化評價，主要涉及量化評價的內涵，中介、適用條件、功能機制、技術成本、保障機制、以及與定量評價的聯系與區別，結合職稱評定和ahp方法建立了進行量化評價的一般模式，並討論了三類數學模型的區別與聯系。
  12. The filtered residues are discharged fully automatically without any interruption of the filtration process. the extremely simple and robust design of these filters, as well as their reliable and fully automatic mode of operation ensure high functional reliability and minimum running cost

    Af自動反沖洗過濾機具有連續過濾自動反沖洗排污結構緊湊運轉平穩可靠處理量大運行費用低使用壽命長等優點。
  13. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  14. In this paper, the functional relation is established among weighted average capital cost, earnings before interest and tax and due capital cost, and the best capital structure model of enterprises with relative unchangeable due capital cost is obtained

    通過財務杠桿，建立了加權平均資本成本和企業息前稅前盈餘以及債務資本成本之間的函數關系，得出了企業債務資本成本相對不變時的最優資本結構模型。
  15. The calculation of the sale price of export products should take into account the product cost, functional expenses, operational profits and drawbacks of the enterprise

    出口產品銷焦價格的核算不僅要考慮產品成本、業務費用、經營利潤，還涉及到全業的退稅收入。
  16. The foreign currency non - monetary items measured at the historical cost shall still be translated at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, of which the amount of functional currency shall not be changed

    （二）以歷史成本計量的外幣非貨幣性項目，仍採用交易發生日的即期匯率折算，不改變其記賬本位幣金額。
  17. Utilization of microbial transglutaminase for functional improvement and cost reduction of sausage products

    利用微生物谷氨酰胺轉胺酶提高香腸製品的物性
  18. All the views for or against universal banking can be summarized as different understandings of the comparative cost incurred by functional allocation

    各種支持或反對混業經營的觀點，從根本上可以歸納為對兩種經營體制提供金融基本功能過程中的比較成本的不同理解。
  19. In the aspect of software project ' s cost accounting, considering that measurement standard of functional point in general use ca n ' t adapt to estimation of all sorts of projects, the author has improved the usage in controlling software of measurement standard of functional point. in order to manage and control all the documents of the whole system conveniently, to form version number automatically, a kind of doc ument numbering rule is put forward in the document management. so the current status is in focus via document version number

    在軟體項目成本估算方面，考慮到普遍使用的功能點度量法不能很好適應所有項目類型的估算，對功能點度量法在控制軟體中的使用提出了改進；在文檔管理中，為了便於實現系統對各文檔的管理控制和版本號的自動生成，提出了一種文檔編號規則，通過文檔版本號可以了解該文檔的當前狀態；在質量評價中，利用判斷矩陣和一致性檢驗方法，將定性信息轉變為定量值，從而使軟體質量各子特性得到量化，實現軟體質量的度量。
  20. T / r module is a functional module for the new radar, that is active phase control array radar, and t / r nodule system - integrates high frequency switches, phase shifter, lna and power amplifier, etc. if using low cost thick film technology to manufacture t / r module, it will be benefit to accelerate the applicants and development of the active phase control array radar

    T r模塊是實現新型雷達? ?有源相控陣雷達需求的功能模塊，它系統地集成高頻開關、限幅器、移相器、 lna及功放等。利用厚膜的廉價成膜工藝技術製作t r組件模塊，則有利於加速有源相控陣雷達的應用與發展。
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