grand theories 中文意思是什麼

Along with the fast development in past 30 years, architecture hove entered a period with the abundantly different opinions and forms from that with the absence of theories, we are not shot of variety any more, while we need regress to basic and guileless theories to go deep into all sides of architecture, the abstruse and grand theories need change to practical activities

摘要當前的建築學經過近30年的快速發展，已經由曾經的理論匱乏進入各種觀點與形式眼花繚亂的時期，我們缺乏的不再是多樣性，而是對于基本原理的回歸，我們需要樸實的理論，深邃、宏大的哲理都需要落在實處，要深入到各個方面去。

Viewed as a whole, the developing history of the western moral education research focuses on the grand theory before 1960 ' s. while researching on philosophy, ethics, pedagogy and other social education, the scholars touch upon the issues of moral education mainly employ theoretical analysis. the developing history of chinese moral education is the history of either grant theoretical study from the perspective of philosophical speculation or experience. the conclusions drawn from these studies are often abstract, and seldom can provide moral educational practices with detailed and microcosmic theories, or if any, they are only in the form of experience and ca n ' t be extended

到了二十世紀六十年代，由於社會問題的加劇，人們加強了對社會道德建設的關注，這對學校道德教育既是挑戰又是機遇，道德理論研究從純理論研究轉向理論與實踐相結合的道路，並以實踐研究、實證研究為主， 「模式」研究應運而生，一系列璀璨奪目的德育模式劃過德育理論研究沉寂的天空，道德教育理論家們構建了許多引人注目、影響深遠的德育模式，其中，代表「當代道德教育的概貌和研究深度」的德育模式有認知性道德發展模式、價值澄清模式、體諒模式、社會行動模式。

The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。

Then the writer draws the conclusion that annual change of the patent grand period is u distribution, and sums up those factors of effecting patent grand period including patent censor system, patent action of enterprises and patent ' s economy value. in order to calculate patent grand period, the writer molds a dynamic multi - stage programming with the theories of technology innovation, marketing and game. on the basis of quantitative analysis the writer has discovered intrinsic relations between the pace of technology innovation and patent property, between cost structure and patent " economy value

本文通過專利檢索系統進行大量的數據採集、數據整理，統計結果表明我國專利授權期年度變化呈u型分佈；總結出影響專利授權期的專利審查制度因素、企業專利行為因素和專利社會效益因素；並用技術創新學、運籌學、博弈論進行確定專利授權期的方法嘗試，把技術創新過程視為多階段動態規劃過程，把企業間的專利競爭抽象為stackelberg模型，設計出最優專利授權期模型；在對模型進行量化的基礎上，分析技術創新速度與企業獲得專利權、企業成本結構與專利社會效益之間的內在聯系。

But economists have always been tempted to dream up grand theories for trends that are just part of the economic cycle

但是經濟學家一直都嘗試空想出偉大的理論去解釋那些只是部分經濟周期的趨勢。