growing populations 中文意思是什麼

Recently, the chinese plant protection agencies reported the growing hardships in controlling some field populations of oriental migratory locust with organophosphate ( op ) compounds. up to now there are more than 600 arthropod species with documented resistance to one or more insecticides and / or acaricides since resistance phenomenon was first described in san jose scale to lime - sulfur in washington in 1908. enhanced metabolic detoxification and reduced sensitivity of insecticide target - sites are the two major mechanisms in resistance development, involving three primary metabolic enzymes of esterases, glutathione s - transferases and cytochrome p450 polysubstrate monooxygenases

代謝抗性是指對殺蟲劑起水解或隔離作用的酶發生改變，從而對殺蟲劑起到解毒作用，昆蟲主要解毒酶系有酯酶、谷胱甘肽- s -轉移酶、細胞色素p450單加氧酶等，這三種酶系任何一種的組成部分發生改變均會引起害蟲抗性的改變；靶標抗性是指由於殺蟲劑作用靶標敏感度降低而產生的抗性。

In planting ratoon sugarcane, " four early " : ploughing soil so as to loose sugarcane sprout, applying fertilizer during seedling so as to provide necessary nutrition for growing early and rapidly, early thinning out and singling seedling with shelling sear leaves so as to insure available populations and ventilation, controlling diseases and pests so as to ensure sugarcane seedling orderly, full and healthy

宿根蔗突出「四早」管理，即早破壟松蔸，促進蔗蔸萌發；早施苗肥，促進蔗苗早生快發，保證養分有效供給；早間苗、定苗，及時剝除枯腳葉，確保甘蔗有效群體和田間通透性；早防治病蟲，保證苗齊、苗全、苗勻、苗壯。

In developing countries desperate to feed fast - growing and underfed populations ; the issue is simpler and much more urgent : do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks

在迫切想要養活其迅速增長而又吃不飽的人口的發展中國家，問題比較簡單，也更加緊迫：生物技術的好處是否大於風險呢

Both industries and growing populations draw heavily on rivers and aquifers, water resources which are already limited.

工業和增長著的人口都從水源已經有限的河流和地下水層中抽取大量的水。

Result and conclusion : there are obvious differences in sprouting, lamina spreading, bolting and " sprout tumble ", three times of " sprouting " and so - called " sprout tumble " and two fast - growing periods for plants in most of the populations in spring and autumn respectively were observed within a year, including mass bolting in may

結果與結論：半夏各居群在出苗、展葉、抽薹及倒苗期等生長節律方面存在著差異：大部分半夏居群在本試驗栽培條件下具明顯的3次出苗和3次倒苗現象，並且在年生長期內表現出春秋兩個生長高峰期;從抽薹開花時間看，大部分居群在5月有1個抽薹開花高峰期，但具體起始和延續時間各居群間存在著較大的差異。

Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映

Professor says the main blocks to forest growth are fast - growing poor populations that burn wood for cooking fuel. or sell it for quick money - - or clear forest for crops

從百分比來看，研究表明在過去的15年中，越南，西班牙和中國的森林覆蓋面積增長最快而奈及利亞，菲律賓的森林覆蓋面積減少的最快。

By means of polyaerylamide gel electrophoresis, peroxidase isozyme, esterase isozyme and a - amylase isozyme of dioscorea zingiberensis, which were gathered from different growing environment conditions, were analyzed. with the results of 3 kinds of isozyme analysis and the analysis of 15 populations morphology and climate, dioscorea zingiberensis were divided into 5 ecotypes. the main results were shown as follows : 1

本研究以來自我國秦嶺山脈以南的甘肅、陜西、湖北、湖南、四川及雲南各省的盾葉薯蕷為試驗材料，通過對盾葉薯蕷的pox 、 est和a - amy3種酶的同工酶進行聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分析，結合其形態性狀和物候期等生物學特徵，進行生態型的劃分，所得結論如下： 1

On the whole, though, the continent ' s rhino populations are well managed and growing, said zoologist simon milledge, who authored the study

該研究作者的動物學家米雷基表示，雖然整體而言，非洲大陸的犀牛數量已受到妥善控制，並持續增加中。

Professor kauppi says the main blocks to forest growth are fast - growing poor populations that burn wood for cooking fuel. or sell it for quick money - - or clear forest for crops

雖然就百分比來說，研究人員表明在過去的15年中森林面積在越南，西班牙和總過增長的很快。但是在奈及利亞和菲律賓則減少的很快。

3professor kauppi says the main blocks to forest growth are fast - growing poor populations that burn wood for cooking fuel. or sell it for quick money - - or clear forest for crops

教授認為對于森林增長的最大障礙是快速增長的貧困人口他們燃燒木頭作為煮食的燃料，或者以賣木材來賺快錢，或者砍伐森林來做耕地。

On every continent, a remarkable demographic transition is occurring : rural populations are moving to urban areas, women are bearing fewer children, and populations are growing older

在每一塊大陸上，都出現了大幅人口變遷的現象：鄉村人口往都市移動、女性較少懷孕生子，而且族群年齡逐漸老化。