host species 中文意思是什麼
host species
解釋
寄種-
Most species occur only on a single host genus, but there were a few species, such as l. pinastri, which had a wide range of host and its ascocarps can appear on the needles of 16 kinds of haploxylon and diploxylon pines
多數種僅知在單寄主屬上發生，但也有部分種能在多寄主上產果，如松針散斑殼（ l pinastri ）可危害16種單、雙維管束松樹。 -
Based on the field investigations and laboratory examinations, a study of the population of the epiphytic dolichomitriopsis diversformis ( mitt. ) nog. in fanjing mountain reveals that its habitats are different among different host trees, but that there lies the common habitat characteristics of not more than 2m height from the bottoms of host trees trunks, less light, high relative humidity, slow wind speed, slow evaporation speed and long time of remaining humid in middle - lower tree bark ; that it is one dioecious moss species, the morphology is remarkably different between its perichaetium and perigonium, the number of its perichaetia is much more than that of its perigonia, its perigonium is difficult to find out, its sporophyte is upright, its seta is long and thin, its capsule is regular long oval and its calyptra is cucullate
摘要通過野外調查和室內觀測對貴州省梵凈山樹附生尖葉擬船葉蘚種群的研究表明，其生境因其所附生的樹種不同而有所不同，但具有共同特點：附生在樹干下部距地面2m高的范圍之內，光照弱、濕度大、風速小、蒸發量小、中下部樹皮保持濕潤的持續時間長；其為雌雄異株蘚種，雌、雄器苞形態差異明顯，雌器苞數量多，雄器苞數量少並且難于發現，孢子體直立，蒴柄細長，孢蒴規則長卵形，蒴帽兜形。 -
Recently many cases of host resistance to insects have been reported in papers for forage and legume species.
最近報紙報道了許多飼類和豆類作物抗蟲的情況。 -
The morbidity and mortality of the host species is usually proportional to the number of cocidial cocysts ingested.
宿主的發病率和死亡率與吃進球蟲卵囊的數目，通常是成正比的。 -
The other kind of study is that which has arisen from the recognition of host specialization by parasitic species.
另一類研究是由於寄生菌種對寄生專化性的認識而產生。 -
Endophytic pestalotiopsis were isolated from every parts of plant above the ground and more easily from twigs. 2 diversity of endophytic pestalotiopsis 2. 1 species diversity of endophytic pestalotiopsis in host plants species diversity of endophytic pestalotiopsis was varied with different host plants. sixteen species of endophytic pestalotiopsis were found out in podocarpus m
通過調查發現，植物內生擬盤多毛抱的種類豐富，在調查過的植物種類每一種植物都能找到至少2種以上（含2種）的內生擬盤多毛抱，內生擬盤多毛抱可以在植物地上各部位內生，從枝條組織容易分離到。 -
Ireland s bogs host a large variety of bog - moss species together with heathers and sedges
愛爾蘭的沼澤地里生長著大量的沼澤苔品種，還有石南屬花和苔草。 -
The samples of cactus which is the host of cochineal insects in 10 counties of yunnan and guizhou province are collected and the cochineal female adults are cultivated on them to test the influence of host species to the development of the cochineal. the samples of different cactus are dissected and the anatomical st ructure are compared as well as the nutritional compositions are analyzed to study the relation between the cochineal and its hosts
採集雲南省和貴州省共10個縣（市）的胭脂蟲寄主仙人掌的不同種和種源，通過放養胭脂蟲比較出不同種的仙人掌和地理種源對胭脂蟲生長發育的影響，並對仙人掌進行解剖及營養成分分析，比較仙人掌解剖結構及營養成分的差異，初步探索胭脂蟲與仙人掌寄主之間的關系。 -
The sesults show that there were 48 species ( variety ) of plant belonging to 14 families as hosts of b. tabaci, among which cucurbitaceae, solanaceae, cruciferae, euphorbiaceae, labiatae, leguminosae and malvaceae are the main host families, and the plants of families of cucurbitaceae and solanaceae are damaged most seriously
結果表明，煙粉虱的寄主有14科48種（變種） ，主要寄主植物是葫蘆科、茄科、十字花科、豆科、錦葵科、菊科等；其中，茄科和葫蘆科的植物受害最重。 -
The colonization of gintraradices, gcaledordinum and gmosseae can decrease the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals of festuca. rubra and red clover and then protect them from toxicity of heavy metals to some extent. there were consistent difference amongthe effect of different amf species, gintraradices had better effect on the decrease of heavy metal content in shoot of host plants than gcaledordinum and gmosseae
能明顯降低紫羊茅、三葉草體內重金屬山根系向地上部的運輸，在某種程度上減少了高濃度重金屬對植株的影響，有利於紫羊茅和三葉草在重金屬污染土壤中定植。不同菌種的菌根效應有較大差異，菌種gintraradice :在減少重金屬由根系向地上部運輸的作用上優于菌種gcaledordinum和gm口sseae 。 -
Heteroecious denoting rust fungi that require two host species to complete their life cycle
轉主寄生：描述某些銹菌必須存在兩個寄主才能完成它的生活周期。 -
Greg hurst and his co - workers at university college london and the university of cambridge have found several well - studied species of wolbachia in about a tenth of the individuals in a host population
英國倫敦大學大學學院生物系的葛瑞格赫斯特等人與劍橋大學的同事，在一個宿主族群中發現感染率達10 ，他們一共檢驗出了好幾種沃巴赫菌。 -
However, there is not an apprarent connection between the clusters and the natural geographic range of host species
但是，研究供試菌株得到的分群與較細的宿主種類劃分和宿主的地理分佈並無密切相關。 -
Fungi in special circumstances become " parasites " by attacking living tissue of the host species, causing the death of these individuals
真菌在特殊的環境下成為「寄生物， 」侵染寄主種的活組織，引起這些個體的死亡。 -
Interferon is almost always host species - specific in function. by contrast, interferon activity is not specific for a given virus ; the replication of a wide variety of virus can be inhibited
干擾素在功能上通常是宿主種特異性。相反，干擾素活性對各種病毒均有效；能廣泛抑制各種病毒的復制。 -
While a true virus replicates itself within a host species with variable impacts, a computer virus is " a specific type of malicious computer code that replicates itself or inserts copies or new versions of itself in other programs when executed within the infected program
真正的病毒在主體內不斷自我復制，產生多種不同的影響；電腦病毒則是一種惡意的電腦碼，能在受傳染的程式中自我復制，並將復制的病毒或新變種在執行其他程式時傳到該程式。 -
( am ) fungi exhibit low host specificity and form mutualistic associations with a wide range of host plant species over a wide range of environmental conditions. some characteristics of am fungi, including hyphal growth, distribution and metabolic activity, are closely related to mycorrhizal efficiency and to ecological function of am fungi, and may be influenced by host plant and soil conditions
叢枝菌根共生體由宿主植物和真菌共同組成，菌根真菌的生長、代謝活性、菌絲分佈以及生態適應性等特徵不但與菌根效應、菌根真菌的生態功能密切相關，而且受到宿主植物和土壤條件的影響。 -
Salmonella typhimuriwn, one of the invasive bacterial species, can be attenuated without loss of invasiveness and thus used for delivery of eukaryotic expression vectors into host cells in vivo. the recombinant plasmid containing the target gene is released inside the host cells and gain entry into the nucleus, resulting in expression of encoded antigens and subsequent induction of humoral and cellular immune responses
沙門氏菌（ salmonellatyphimurium ）是一種較為常見的侵襲性胞內菌，通過基因工程方法減毒后對宿主致病性顯著降低，但仍保留良好的侵襲力，可直接將真核表達質粒攜帶進入動物細胞內表達相應的蛋白而誘導特異性的免疫應答反應。 -
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映 -
Fungi in special circumstances become "parasites" by attacking living tissue of the host species, causing the death of these individuals.
真菌在特殊的環境下成為「寄生物，」侵染寄主種的活組織，引起這些個體的死亡。
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