informal production 中文意思是什麼

informal production 解釋
非正式作品
  • informal : adj. 1. 非正式的，簡略的。2. 不拘禮節[形式]的；口語的。adv. -ly
  • production : n 1 生產，產生；【物理學】（粒子的）生成；製造；（電影的）攝制；（戲劇的）演出；著作。2 產品，製...
  1. This paper discusses how to cover the non - observed economy so as to achieve exhaustiveness in national accounting. the first chapter introduces the definition of noe and its five components, namely illegal activities, underground activities, informal sector activities, household production for own final use, and other activities missed due to deficiencies of basic data collection programme

    第一章根據oecd的《未觀測經濟測算手冊》 ，介紹了未觀測經濟的定義和五個構成部分，即：非法活動、地下活動、非正規部門活動、供自己最終消費的住戶生產活動、由於基礎數據收集方案的缺陷而遺漏的活動。
  2. Of 18 us and uk - based companies specialising in semiconductors and related devices, which gave their views to the ft in an informal poll, a third said worries about potential loss of important technologies through intellectual property violation might inhibit them, or had already done so, from setting up new production or research operations in china

    在《金融時報》對18家英美半導體及相關元器件企業進行的一項非正式調查中，三分之一的企業表示，由於擔心知識產權遭到侵犯，造成重要技術落入外人之手，他們有可能（或者已經）決定不在中國進行生產或科研活動。
  3. The australia group ( ag ) was established in 1985 as an informal forum for like - minded countries places to exchange information and to harmonise export control measures on chemical weapon ( cw ) precursors. its scope was later extended to include controls on chemical production equipment and technology that could be used for chemical weapons purposes

    澳洲集團成立於1985年，提供一個非正式的場合，讓志同道合的國家交換資訊及協調化學武器前體的出口管制措施。及后其管制范圍擴展至可作化學武器用途的化學品生產設備和技術。
  4. Through literature review and case studies of six firms headquartered in taiwan, the study has the following findings : ( 1 ) a parent firm tends to adopt more formal control mechanisms when its levels of internationalization are low and when a subsidiary serves the role as a production site ; ( 2 ) a parent firm tends to lower the adoption of formal control mechanisms, when its levels of internationalization are low and when a subsidiary serves the role as a selling unit ; ( 3 ) increasing levels of internationalization leads to the adoption of more informal control mechanisms by a parent firm, in addition to the intensive usage of formal control mechanisms ; ( 4 ) when a subsidiary relies more on the headquarters for resources, a parent firm tends to adopt more formal control mechanisms ; ( 5 ) when a subsidiary relies less on the headquarters for resources, a parent firm tends to increase the usage of informal control mechanisms ; ( 6 ) when the organizational culture encourages innovation and communications, a parent firm tends to adopt more informal control mechanisms ; ( 7 ) when the culture of a host country is characterized by collectivism, a parent firm tends to adopt more formal control mechanisms ; and ( 8 ) unstable local industrial environment leads to more usage of informal control mechanisms by a parent firm

    本研究以個案研究法，經分析六家廠商，對于母公司採用的控制機制有下述結論： （ 1 ）當母公司國際化程度較低，且海外子公司以生產為主要活動時，母公司傾向高度使用正式化控制機制； （ 2 ）當母公司國際化程度較低，且海外子公司以銷售為主要活動時，母公司傾向降低使用正式化控制機制； （ 3 ）隨母公司國際化程度的提高，母公司除了高度使用正式化控制機制外，亦傾向增加使用非正式化控制機制； （ 4 ）當子公司對母公司的資源依賴程度愈高時，母公司傾向高度使用正式化控制機制； （ 5 ）當子公司對母公司的資源依賴程度愈低時，母公司傾向增加使用非正式化控制機制； （ 6 ）當母公司文化鼓勵創新與溝通時，母公司傾向高度使用非正式化控制機制； （ 7 ）當地主國文化呈現集體主義時，多國公司傾向高度使用正式化控制機制； （ 8 ）當地主國產業競爭環境不穩定時，多國公司傾向高度使用非正式化控制機制。
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