initial strain 中文意思是什麼
initial strain
解釋
初始應變-
Initial talking about the temperature compensation of strain gange load cell
應變片式傳感器的溫度補償淺談 -
The following results were found, i. e., the water ratio affects obviously the acoustic wave velocity of rock sample ; the wave velocity is higher in saturated rock samples than in unsaturated ones ; and it decreases gradually with the strain of samples during uniaxial compression ; and also with the lengthening holding time at 160 ; when heating the samples the acoustic wave velocity increases slightly in initial stage and comes to the peak value at 60, then decreases gradually with increasing temperature ; meantime, there is a certain temperature effect on rock samples size
實驗發現含水率對波速影響比較大，飽和巖樣的聲波傳播速度高於不飽和巖樣的聲波傳播速度；人工預制裂紋對聲波傳播速度影響不大；單軸壓縮條件下，聲波傳播速度隨應變增加逐漸降低；在同一溫度（ 160 ）下，波速隨保溫時間的增加而逐漸降低；在對巖樣逐漸加熱情況下，初始加熱階段波速略有升高，當溫度達到60時，巖樣波速達到峰值，之後隨著溫度繼續升高其波速逐漸下降；波速隨溫度變化具有一定的尺寸效應。 -
Halocin c8 appeared to have a very wide activity spectrum, including most haloarchaea and even some haloalkaliphilic rods, but it showed no inhibitory activity against bacterial strains tested. when a sensitive strain of halorubrum saccharovorum atcc29252 was exposed to halocin c8, the treated cells swelled at the initial stage, the cell wall appeared to be nicked and the cytoplasm was extruded out afterwards, and the whole cell was eventually completely lysed
將敏感菌株halorubrumsaccharovorumatcc29252的細胞用嗜鹽菌素c8處理后，採用電鏡觀察，發現處理2小時后細胞開始腫脹、膨大，接著在細胞的兩端出現裂口，細胞內容物開始向外溢出，隨著時間延長，裂口越來越大，發生這種變形的細胞也越來越多，最後，幾乎所有的細胞完全裂解。 -
The page revealed the culture supernatant of the initial strain and the mutant contained different protein bands, which exactly demonstrated at protein level that a. niger j 506 was surely a mutant of a. niger m1. zymogram stained with xylan - remazol brilliant blue for detecting xylanase showed there are three different xylanases in the mutant culture, while two xylanases in initial strain. what is important, the third xylanase in a. niger j 506 have higher activity and more production levels from page and zymogram of xylanase
尤其是在木聚糖酶譜帶檢測中發現，突變株發酵液中有三種類型的木聚糖酶，而出發菌株中只有兩種類型的木聚糖酶，並且通過考馬斯亮藍g250染色和瓊脂糖板上的透明圈發現，突變株中第三種類型的木聚糖酶不僅表達量很大，活力也很高。 -
Creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響 -
Abstract : creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
文摘:基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響 -
The results of the experimental tests show that nh4cl and k2hpo4, kh2po4 are the most available nutrents to our isolates when they are degrading oils. the most suitable experinment condition is : temperature being 30 c, initial ph being 7 - 8, the shaking rate of the culture flasks is 180 r / min, the concentration of nacl is 1 %. the biodegradation results have shown that our 6 isolates have the effective degradation capability to crude oil ; within 6 days the transforing rate of oil by each single strain is more than 60 %
本研究分離出的6株菌，初步鑒定結果為： sy1為微桿菌屬、 sy2為諾卡氏菌屬、 sy3和sy5為假單胞菌屬、 sy4和sy6為芽孢桿菌屬；實驗結果表明， 6菌株的最佳氮源為氯化銨（ nh _ 4cl ） ，最佳磷源為磷酸氫二鉀和磷酸二氫鉀的混合物，最適生長條件為：溫度為30 ，初始ph值為7 8 ，搖床轉速為180r min ，鹽（ nacl ）濃度為1 ；通過降解實驗得出6株菌對原油都有較強的降解能力，單一菌株在5天後的原油降解率都高於60 ， 6株菌對原油的生物降解反應符合一級反應動力學特徵。 -
It can be noticed that both r and t specimens show initial hardening and subsequent softening at the strain amplitude higher than 0. 8 % and cyclic softening from the beginning to fracture under strain amplitude less than 0. 8 % at room temperature, and the cyclic flow stress was always lower in r specimen than in t specimen at the same strain range
且在相同的應變幅下， t向試樣比r向試樣具有更高的循環流變應力。此外，對r向及t向試樣，低應變幅下呈現出循環軟化現象是因為晶粒旋轉導致循環軟化；而在高應變幅下發生循環硬化是由於孿晶作用的結果。 -
Relating closely to the main problem of the high sidewall and wide span underground cavities excavation stability of xiluodu hydroelectric project, the evolution characters of geo - stress field in deep - cutting gorge and the whole features of the stress field, strain field and plastic failure zone around the underground chambers after excavation are studied systematically in the dissertation, based on a great deal of data gathered in field investigation and taking the flac3d v2. 0 software as basic computation tools. meanwhile, in the course of research, the new methods of dynamic numerical simulation are summarized and applied. furthermore, the effects of rock mass qualities, initial geo - stress field and excavation procedure on surrounding rock mass stability are discussed
本文緊密結合溪洛渡水電工程大跨度、高邊墻復雜地下廠房洞室群，施工開挖過程中和開挖后圍巖穩定性研究這一重大課題，在詳盡的野外地質調查工作和對大量基礎地質資料的整理與分析基礎上，以目前國際工程地質界公認的最新通用軟體flac ~ （ 3d ） 2 . 0版作為基本計算工具，從整個壩區地應力場的研究開始，通過動態數值模擬分析這一新的模擬思路，系統地研究了深切峽谷區地應力場多階段的特徵和演變規律，進而對左、右岸地下廠房洞室群開挖全過程中圍巖應力場、變形場和塑性破壞區的變化特徵，進行了全過程動態數值模擬研究，並詳細討論了圍巖質量、初始地應力場、施工開挖順序對大型地下洞室群圍巖穩定性的影響。 -
Many cases of excavation and support of high rock slopes were symtematically analyzed, and some conclusions were drawn. there exists stress concentration in grading angle induced by excavation and obvious change of stress and strain on sloping surface, which reduce as the increase of distance to surface. initial stresses have important influence on excavation and support
撇面上的應力應變的靴很大，隨著離坡面距離的增加而減小；初始地應力對邊坡的開挖支護產生很大的影響，隨著初始地應力的增加，開挖坡面回彈位移增大。 -
Abstract : reviewed are five methods for the analysis of the penetration of jacked - in piles, namely, cavity expansion method, strain path method finite element method, slip line method and calibration model test. after analysis, it is pointed out that it is more rational to adopt sub - statical spatial axisy numerical formulas based on traditional plane - strain cavity expansion method in the analysis. after spatial closed - form solutions are obtained for soil movements, stresses and initial excessive pore pressures generated durihy pile penetration are found out. it is suggested that finite element analysis together with centrifugal model test be used in verifying the results
文摘:在分析飽和粘土中靜壓樁的貫入機理的基礎上，對靜壓樁沉樁分析的圓孔擴張理論、應變路徑法、有限元分析、滑移線理論和模型槽試驗等五種方法逐一進行評述，並提出在傳統的平面圓孔擴張理論基礎上加以改進，採用準靜態空間軸對稱方程組對靜壓樁貫入過程進行模擬，從而得出土體位移、應力、初始超孔壓的空間解析解，同時採用有限元分析、模型槽試驗相互印證的研究方法 -
The spores of a. niger m1, the initial strain, was treated by u. v. at morality of 90 %. a mutant with high xylanase activity was screened, naming a. niger j 506
用紫外線照射的方法對出發菌株aspergillusnigerm1進行處理后，從中篩選到了一株木聚糖酶活力比較高的突變株a . nigerj506 ，傳代10次后產酶能力仍然穩定性良好。 -
In the static analysis of the suspension bridge, the initial shape and initial strain of the main cable under bridge - finished condition should be defined firstly, then the bridge - finished condition should be chosen as the initial condition, under which the fem model was built. 3
懸索橋成橋恆、活載作用下的靜力分析，首先需要確定成橋狀態下主纜索的初始索形和主纜索的初始應變，再以成橋狀態為初始狀態建立有限元模型； 3 -
According to the theory of equivalent time, creep as a function of equivalent time is expressed. by fitting experimental data, parameters of creep in equivalent time field are obtained ; initial strain implicit solution of elastic creep equation in equivalent time field is derived
根據等效時間理論，將徐變表示為等效時間的函數，通過擬合試驗數據，得出等效時間域彈性模量和徐變度公式的計算參數，推導了等效時間域的彈性徐變方程的初應變隱式解法。 -
According to maxwell principle, the mechanical characteristics could be analyzed with the svd methods for balanced matrix. besides, considering initial strain and stress, the paper established the nonlinear finite elment equilibrium equation based on t. l formulation
L格式的非線性有限元位移法平衡方程，並採用mn - r法編制相應的程序進行張拉整體結構的非線性力學分析。 -
The cable shape under bridge - finished condition was obtained by taking the empty - cable condition as the initial condition and calculating the cable shape under dead load. 4. the initial strain under bridge - finished condition is an important parameter, which defines the initial balanced position and gravity stiffness of suspension bridge
懸索橋成橋主纜的索形需要從空纜狀態出發，以空纜狀態為初始狀態，在主纜索上施加成橋恆載，並通過計算得到最終成橋時主纜的形狀及位置； 4 -
The initial strain must be the optimum value obtained by multiple - trial method. 5. in the static analysis of the bridge model under live load, assuming a shifting concentrated load on the girder, analyzing the relation map of each section deflection and the location of the concentrated load, finishing the load - on of the worst - case live load, then the moment and deflection envelope diagrams of the girder were obtained
成橋模型建立后，在後續活載作用下的靜力分析必須首先在主樑上作用移動集中荷載，分析主梁各斷面的活載撓度與集中荷載作用位置關系曲線圖，完成最不利活載的加載，從而最後得到懸索橋主梁的彎矩包絡圖及撓度包絡圖。 -
This method is not only convenient to consider tubular initial stress and temperature initial strain, but also is of self - superiority, computing result for calculated examples indicate that this method is feasible
該方法便於考慮鋼管初始應力和溫度初應變，而且有其自身的優越性，算例計算結果表明，該方法是可行的。 -
The initial condition should be defined firstly in the structural analysis of the cable - support system. there are two important control parameters of the initial condition : initial shape and initial strain of the cable. 2
纜索支承體系的結構分析應當首先確定體系的初始狀態，初始狀態的兩個重要折控制參數是：初始索形和初始應變； 2 -
Xylanases of the initial strain and the mutant have their optimum activity at ph 5. 4 and ph 6. 0, respectively. they have better stability in the range ph 7. 0 - 10. 0 when incubated at various phs at 45 for 2 hr. the two xylanases have maximal activity at 52 and have better stability up to 50 when incubated at various temperatures in ph 6. 0 for 30min
出發菌株在ph7 . 0到10 . 0之間木聚糖酶的穩定性較好，而突變株在ph6 . 0到10 . 0之間木聚糖酶的穩定性較好突變株和出發菌株的木聚糖酶最適作用溫度均為52 ；在20到50之間突變株和出發菌株木聚糖酶穩定性比較好，二者的半失活溫度都在55左右。
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