institutional level 中文意思是什麼

institutional level 解釋
機構層次
  • institutional : adj. 1. 慣例的，規定的，制度上的。2. 公共機構的，社會事業性質的〈尤指慈善事業機構〉。3. 〈美國〉【廣告】主要為建立公司產品聲譽而創招牌的。adv. -ly
  • level : n 1 水平儀，水準儀；水準測量。2 水平線，水平面；水平狀態；平面，平地。3 水平，水準；水位；標準；...
  1. The author analyses the problem from the point of view of the institutional economy. the reasonable interpretation of low level urban region ' s integration is the market institution defects and government institution defects, which reduces the defect of urban regional cooperation organization. the author analyses the government defect that is the local government in urban region organization has become an independent decision - maker who want to pursue the maximized economic benefi

    城市區域非一體化產生的原因在於區域經濟發展過程中存在由於市場化改革沒有完成而引起的政府缺陷和市場缺陷，以及由於市場經濟體制本身所具有的功能性政府缺陷和市場缺陷，同時由於存在政府缺陷和市場缺陷而引起了城市區域協作組織缺陷，概括起來，城市區域非一體化的根源在於經濟發展過程中存在制度缺陷。
  2. Chapter two " impacts of china ' s accession to wto on retail industry " analyzes : the influence of accession to wto on domestic retail industry ; pressure from international business capital due to its advantages of capital strength, scale and advanced business pattern ; competition pressure from low profit criterion of supermarket business ; pressure from the management advantage of international business groups. chapter three " development strategy for retail industry after china ' s accession to wto " studies the development strategy for china ' s retail industry after accession to wto : formulating relevant laws and policies for foreign capital introduction as soon as possible ( asap ) ; working out plans for establishment of large - scale supermarket network asap ; developing multiple business patterns with mainstay business as the focus ; developing chain store business to bring about scale efficiency ; accelerating of modern enterprise institutional reform ; promoting scientific management level of retail enterprises ; setting up scientific and overall marketing concept, further strengthening sense of market orientation ; attaching greater importance on resources of talented persons and commodities ; making full use of information technologies, implementing e - commerce mode in retail enterprises ; actively exploring northwest china and developing new market

    文章第二章「中國加入wto對零售業的沖擊」從中國零售業對外開放的歷史入手，簡要介紹了中國加入wto對國內零售業的影響，指出加入wto后，中國零售業可能面臨以下幾個方面的沖擊：國際商業資本在資金、規模和業態的先進性上所帶來的壓力；規模擴張壓力，即中國連鎖超市受到了投資規模擴張的資金壓力；超市行業低贏利水準的競爭壓力；國際商業集團在管理上的優勢對中國零售企業的壓力；新的管理理念、服務方式進入所帶來的沖擊；現代商業觀念的引進打破了中國商界固有的思維；國際經濟一體化程度的提高不斷促使中國零售業的絕對利潤和相對利潤下降；我國零售業網點的不足以及布局的不合理；零售業的信息革命所帶來的觀念沖擊。
  3. Recent literature shows that corporate behaviors are not only affected by firm, industry and market factors but also by country - level institutional factors

    最近地文獻表明公司行為不僅僅受公司、行業和市場因素影響，同時也受國家級的制度因素的影響。
  4. Incineration of institutional low - level radioactive waste

    實驗性低強度放射性廢物的焚化
  5. Accreditation tends to take a programmatic or institutional view and usually occurs at a regional level

    檢定/組成傾向于採取綱領性或協會觀點這通常發生在一個區域水平內。
  6. Plan （ china ） is designed to develop a model that integrates the safe water supplies, sanitary living conditions and poverty reduction at the community level in rural areas of west china by cooperating with provincial green projcet and local women ' s federation, focusing on institutional capacity building and partnership between rural communities, government, and ngos for sustainable environment and resource management and livelihood improvement

    國際計劃（中國）與環保局（綠色文明辦公室）及陜西省當地婦聯合作，致力於在中國西部農村社區建立一個集安全飲用水供應、村民居住生活條件改善和扶貧為一體的項目模式，著眼于對相關機構進行能力建設並促進與農村社區與政府及非政府組織之間的合作以實現對環境與資源的可持續性管理以及生計水平的改善。
  7. From the viewpoint of the interactive relationship between modern pension scheme and productivity, this paper observed the function and prospect of occupational pensions in china within a background consisting of population structure, labor productivity, and finance environment, utilized simulation and scenario analysis in actuarial models to estimate and analyze the effect of occupational pensions in the replacement rate of urban retired employees, then pointed out the magnification effect of occupational pensions in increasing the replacement rate and the higher efficiency in improving retirement income of urban retired employees. it also predicted the size expectation of occupational pensions during 2002 - 2010 in china, described the function of occupational pensions in developing the capital market and improving the labor productivity, especially emphasized the higher probability of occupational pensions to play the role of institutional investors compared with basic pension. in short, this paper proved the positive meaning of developing occupational pensions from micro - level and macro - level respectively, and brought forward corresponding policy suggestions

    本文立足於現代社會養老保險制度與生產力之間的互動關系這一視角，把對我國企業年金作用與發展空間的考察置於包括人口結構、勞動生產率、金融環境等諸多因素的經濟大背景下，在精算模型中運用模擬（ simulation ）和情景分析方法，對企業年金對我國退休職工養老保險收入替代率的影響進行了定量分析和預測，指出了企業年金在提高退休職工收入替代率方面的放大作用，以及比基本養老保險在提高退休職工收入方面的更高效率；並對我國企業年金2002年- 2010年的預計發展規模做了預測，闡述了企業年金對我國發展資本市場和提高勞動生產率的意義，著重指出了企業年金較之基本養老保險基金充當資本市場機構投資者的更大可能性。
  8. Second, the uncertainty of the relation between education and employment can be represented by some criteria such as graduates " employment rate, educational benefit dispersion grade, and the level of overeducation occurrence rate. third, personal choice, school, work - force market and work place are significant factors that affect the uncertainty of the relation between education and employment. fourth, in a society of market economy, the uncertainty of the relation between education and employment is a " sword with double blades ", thus it is necessary to avoid the disadvantages of the uncertainty of the relation between education and employment from the perspective of institutional layout

    教育規模擴展和市場機制的共同作用，使得教育與就業之間也存在著不確定性； （ 2 ）教育與就業關系的不確定性可以通過畢業生就業率高低、教育收益離散程度、教育過度發生率高低等指標來進行表徵； （ 3 ）個人選擇、學校、勞動力市場和工作場合是影響教育與就業關系不確定性形成的重要因素，貫穿在教育與就業發生關系的全過程； （ 4 ）在市場經濟社會，教育與就業關系的不確定性是一把「雙刃劍」 ，因此有必要著重從制度設計的角度，對教育與就業關系的不確定性進行規避； （ 5 ）當前我國教育與就業關系的不確定性也開始顯現。
  9. First, the thesis deal with seeply analysis on the supply situation of rural public goods in the west area, and expound that the reform deteriorate the level of rural public goods supply based on rural compulsory education, social security, public sanitation and basal establishment, taking example for c town, using contrastive and positive way ; secondly, this thesis explains the influence reason of the reform to rural public goods in the west area from several aspects such as local government, township government and farmers ’ supply ability to rural public goods and “ one project one discussion ”, the superior financial transfer payment and correlative institutional inform ; at last, some suggestions are given at the end of the thesis

    本文首先分析了西部地區稅費改革前後農村公共產品供給的狀況，並以陜西省禮泉縣c鎮為案例，運用實證和對比的分析方法，從義務教育、鄉鎮公共醫療衛生、社會保障及基礎設施四個方面進一步闡明了稅費改革對西部農村公共產品供給產生的影響;其次從地方政府、鄉鎮和農民的農村公共產品供給能力以及財政轉移支付、 「一事一議」等相關配套改革幾方面分析了稅費改革對西部農村公共產品供給產生影響的原因。最後，針對以上原因提出若干政策建議。
  10. Only the institutional innovation can increase the efficiency on the micro level, and then increase the potential growth capacity on the macro level

    只有通過制度創新，提高微觀層次資源的使用效率，才能夠提高宏觀層面的經濟增長潛力。
  11. Analysis of institutional economics in fiscal system ' s reform under provincial level

    省以下財政體制改革的制度經濟學分析
  12. As for its characteristics, it is regional, ethic, stratum and institutional from a macroscopic view ; from a meso - scopic view, it is featured by the adverse ecological environment, the frail infrastructure, the low - level and unitary economic structure, the low - level cultural life and the natural, semi - natured and planned economy ; from a microscopic view, it ' s featured by possessing capital, especially human capital ' s insufficiency and inability

    其特徵從宏觀上講，主要體現為區域性、民族性、階層性和制度性；從中觀上講，主要表現為社區上的生態環境的惡劣性、基礎設施上的薄弱性。經濟結構上的低層次性和單一性。社會特徵上的文化生活水平的低層次性，以及體制上的自然、半自然經濟和計劃經濟特徵；從微觀上，主要表現為擁有資本，尤其是人力資本不足以及能力貧困。
  13. " the more, on the level of meaning, conduct is taken for granted, the more possible alternatives to the institutional ' programs ' will recede, and the more predictable and controlled conduct will be

    在意義層次上，行為越被認為理所當然，制度的設計就越不可能被替代，而行為就越可預測和越被控制。
  14. Then, by comparison of financial amalgamating operation of china with foreign countries and through investigation of the amalga mation management types of u. s. a., japan, and germany, the thesis points out that china ' s banking and security industry should implement " group synthesizing, legal person division ", and adopt the form of bank ' s shareholder organization to realize the amalgamating and managing, through the reform of inside institutional framework and cooperation of the shareholder level

    然後，通過對中外金融跨業合作方式的比較和美、日、德三國銀證合業模型的考察，指出我國銀證雙方應通過內部組織結構的變革和股權層次的合作，實行集團綜合、法人分業，採取持股公司的形式實現合業經營。最後，討論了我國銀證合業經營應具備的條件和時機。
  15. The problem of logical coherence arises first in the level of legitimation ( where there may be conflict or competition between different legitimations and their administrative personnel ), and secondly on the level of socialization ( where there may be practical difficulties in the internalization of successive or competing institutional meanings )

    邏輯一致性的問題首先發生在正當性的層次（不同正當性和其管理人員的沖突競爭） ，其次為社會化的層次（在繼承或競爭的制度化意義中也有實踐的困難） 。
  16. On this market, the quality of the enterprise which come into the market, the quantity of the institutional investors in the market, the supervising level of the supervise department as well as the whole system of coming into the market and retreatment from the market will all have grave effect on the status of its operation and development

    這樣運作的創業板市場必然是失敗的。在創業板市場上，上市公司的質量，市場上機構投資人的數量，證券監管部門的監管水平，創業板市場的上市、退市制度體系都對其運行和發展狀況產生重大影響。
  17. The analyses include demand - supply analysis, cost - revenue analysis, game analysis, neo - institutional economics analysis. through these analyses, we disclose the operational mechanism, favorable and unfavorable factors of the informatization of enterprise. in the end, this article analyze the actual condition of the informatization of enterprise in our country, points out existing problems, for example, the overall level of the informatization of enterprise is not high ; the input is not enough ; the required human resource is lacking ; and puts forward some measures to develop the informatization of enterprise in our country, such as improving the recognition of society, devising effective stimulus - commitment mechanism, improving the input, and the efficiency of investment, etc

    最後，文章考察了我國企業信息化的現狀，指出了其中存在的一些問題，如我國企業信息化整體水平不高，且發展不平衡；我國信息化投入資金不足，且投資效益低下；信息化所需人力資源缺乏，等等；並提出了促進我國企業信息化發展的若干措施：通過各種方式提高企業、政府和公眾對企業信息化的認識；對企業各層次人員設計有效的激勵?約束機制，增加企業信息化的動力，減少阻力；進行企業信息化的需求分析和成本收益分析，為科學決策奠定基礎；加大對企業信息化的投入，並努力提高投資效益等一系列措施。
  18. For the fact of the lack of the pre - evaluation tools and the serious demand of the manufacture, by the institutional management thoughts, a pre - evaluation model has been set up to evaluate the mature level of manufacturing corporations information system projects. with help of the tools, manufacturing managers realize the shortcomings and improve the management to keep corporation on top. in this model, the management capacity is divided into two groups : discipline and optimization

    基於製造業信息化建設的事前評價工具的缺乏和企業對此類工具迫切需要的現實情況，本文運用制度管理的思想，構建了製造業信息化建設階段成熟度評價模型這一事前評價工具，幫助製造業企業在進行信息化建設時發現管理能力上的缺陷，以使企業有針對性地進行持續改進，提高管理水平，成功地進行企業信息化建設，增強企業的核心競爭力。
  19. Finally, for improving the farmers " working condition in the city and increasing level of urban employment, this paper puts forward some corresponding reforma method, directions and suggests. the characteristic of the paper consists in putting the problems of farmer ' s employment by the background of urbanization. with the main line urbanization, analyse current characteristic of the farmers " employment in the city, conditions of fanners " going to the city, which influenced by not only some institutional factors, but also some non - institutional factors

    本文的研究特色在於將農民就業問題放入城市化的背景下來研究，以城市化為主線，研究農民進城就業問題，分析現階段農民進城就業的特點；研究農民進城就業的條件，其除了要受一系列制度性因素的制約，同時還要受其他非制度性因素的制約；從制度性因素和農民自身選擇行為出發，研究農民進城就業的障礙性因素，並對農民進入城市勞動力市場的方式進行了分析。
  20. For this reason, the government should use methods as programming and guiding plans offering information and services standardizing and managing regulations supervising and checking with proper means to bring into play the subject function of intermediary ; at the same time, it ' s necessary to pass a legal system like the social intermediary ' s organizational management laws and other regulations to definite the character of social intermediary organizations. in addition, the social intermediary also should strengthen its self - building through setting up three major mechanisms : the competition mechanisms, the responsibility mechanisms, and the self - discipline system. and also, to adjust and substantiate the structure of the organization, strengthen its own institutional improvement, set up its talents " training mechanism, and improve the employees " personnel professional ethics, train their integral level will help the social intermediary to get onto the right track of development

    為此，政府要通過規劃與引導、提供信息與服務、規范與管理、監督與檢查及運用適當的協調方法與手段來發揮培育與發展社會中介組織的主體作用;同時需要通過法律制度如社會中介組織管理法律法規、社會中介組織機構法律法規、社會中介組織行為規范制度等明確社會中介組織的性質定位;另外，社會中介組織也要加強自身建設，通過建立三大機制?競爭機制、責任機制與自律機制，調整和充實機構設置，加強自身的制度建設，建立人才的培訓吸納機制，提高內部人員職業道德修養整體水平等措施使社會中介組織走上良性發展的軌道。
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