institutional means 中文意思是什麼

institutional means 解釋
組織機構手段
  • institutional : adj. 1. 慣例的，規定的，制度上的。2. 公共機構的，社會事業性質的〈尤指慈善事業機構〉。3. 〈美國〉【廣告】主要為建立公司產品聲譽而創招牌的。adv. -ly
  • means : 偏差測量系統
  1. It is argued that malaysia has taken advantages of low labor cost and stable political and economic environment to merge into international multi production and technology network by the means of inflowing mncs and export - led strategy in the past rapid industrialization era, this strategy has successfully created the opportunity of technological learning ; however, restricted by the institutional failure in its innovation system, it ' s evaluated that malaysia ' s overall development of technological capability lags behind its industrial growth

    論文研究表明，在過去十幾年快速的工業化過程中，馬來西亞創新體系藉助跨國公司和出口導向戰略，成功地利用馬來西亞低成本競爭優勢和穩定的政治經濟環境進入多元化的國際生產和技術網路，為其技術深化贏得了機遇，但受限於創新體系內各種制度性失效問題，馬來西亞總體技術能力發展與其工業化發展速度並不同步。
  2. An institutional advertising approach as means of bank image projection has become particularly relevant.

    銀行形象廣告為形成銀行形象的方法已經具有特別重要的意義。
  3. The author analyses and appraises the intervenient patterns and effects of china ' s central bank ' s exchange intervenient practice from 1994, and finds out the difficulties, such as the institutional restriction, the intervenient means and the conflicts between exchange intervenient practice and internal economic policy, and describes the countermeasures to these difficulties

    並從外匯干預的制度約束、干預工具品種單一、外匯干預與國內經濟政策的沖突等多角度分析了央行外匯干預的難點，針對干預中的問題與難點提出對策。
  4. As institutional representatives, questioners in courtroom trials are conscious of their own position and therefore constantly adapt the questioning to their institutional power by resorting to intimidation and topic management whenever the respondents attempt to hide the truth or excuse themselves. from the data collected for the present study, we also find three strategies catering to psychological motivations, which include repetition, reformulation and juxtaposition. by means of these strategies, questioners can realize their specific communicative goals in courtroom interaction

    這三類程序性問句的合理使用能更好地實現庭審提問莊嚴、公正和高效的機構目標nnstitutionalgoal人在庭審提問過程中，當被提問者企圖掩蓋真相或為自己開脫罪責時，提問者藉助于威脅言語行為或對話題的控制來順應機構權力以便維護自己作為機構代表的特殊地位與權威、獲得所需信息。
  5. In this kind of background, economic agents are limited rational and opportunist in economic exchange and production, which induce transaction costs and supervising cost ; in order to abate costs, enhance bestirring and constrains, property right must be clear ; means to get economic goal contain exchange and production, if transaction costs is too expensive, market exchange will be internalization by hierarchical corporation, but more and more hierarchical administrative cost become while huger and huger corporation size become, which obstruct the enlargement of border of corporation. nie don ’ t think that corporation will supersede market wholly, but they are parallel and supersede dynamically each other. so nie advocate economic action is impacted by macroscopic dualistic institutional framework

    他們以這樣一種認知為基礎，認為在這樣的經濟背景中，有限理性的經濟行動者，是一種機會主義者，一有機會就可能在經濟交換和生產活動中採取種種搭便車行為，使經濟行動存在交易成本和行政監督成本（在德姆塞茨等人那裡，交易成本包括市場交易與行政監督成本） ;為了減少這些成本、增加對經濟行動者的激勵與約束，就必須明晰產權;如果交易成本過高，市場交換就會內部化，出現企業對市場的替代，而組織監督成本又制約了企業擴展的邊界，使市場與企業之間動態替代和平行並列，因此經濟行動在宏觀上主要受這種二分制度框架的影響。
  6. By researching systematically into the enlargement ' s tremendous impacts on the sub - systems of both parties " political, governance and economic institutions, as well as into the process of institutional changes, adaptations, adjustments and convergence between them, the dissertation analyzes the institutional reforms of both parties resulting from enlargement as well as the major driving force, approaches and interactive means behind them. on the basis of that, the author constructs an experimental theory in a bid to provide some comparison criterion or system of reference for institutional interactions in the eu enlargement process

    通過系統研究兩種制度「對撞」給雙方政治權力制度與經濟治理制度各個子系統造成的巨大沖擊力，以及雙方相互調整、相互適應、相互趨同的制度變遷過程，本文分析了歐盟與新成員國因應東擴制度變革壓力而實施的制度變革舉措及其背後主要的驅動力量、互動手段和作用途徑，進而構築起一個實驗性的理論框架，為解釋歐盟東擴進程中的制度互動現象提供了某種參照系統和比照標準。
  7. To do this is to expatiate on the value of the non - coercive means of environmental administration. section four of this dissertation is about the operation and relief of the value of the non - coercive means of environmental administration. it concludes and analyzes the operation principles of the non - coercive means of environmental administration, and undertakes an institutional research of the non - coercive means of environmental administration in respect of the allocation of right and obligation, principle, procedure, relief and so on, in accordance with the principle of administration by law

    針對環境行政非強制性管理手段的具體情況，提出了環境行政非強制性管理手段運行所遵循的合法行政原則、合理行政原則、誠實信用原則、高效行政原則、程序正當原則、權責統一原則等行政原則，並從建立行政監察專員制度、建立行政苦情申訴與處理制度、完善行政復議制度、完善行政訴訟制度、完善行政賠償制度、完善行政補償制度等六個方面提出了環境行政非強制性管理手段的法律救濟途徑。
  8. This thesis focuses on the course of land requisition - granting in china and analyzes the economic influence of land market from land requisition system during the course of commercial land requisition - granting, by theoretically and empirically analyzing means and on the basis of rent - seeking economics theory, in order to find out the economic mechanism of institutional rent. in the end, the thesis discusses the gaming problems during the course of institutional rent - seeking of land requisition. the thesis is divided into six parts

    本文以我國土地徵用-出讓過程為研究對象，根據尋租經濟學理論，採取理論分析和實證分析相結合的方法，探討在經營性土地徵用-出讓過程中我國土地徵用制度對土地市場產生的經濟影響，找出制度性租金形成的經濟學機理，並在此基礎上對土地徵用制度性尋租中的博弈問題進行探討。
  9. Under the present conditions. the foundation of carrying out mbs in china is still quite frail and to bring mbs to practice in a large scale is beyond the means. besides, although there is potential requirement for mbs, it is actually not obviously urgent. to enlarge the source of capital in fundamental market and to stir the need of housing are regarded as the reasons for adopting mbs. this paper is intened to comment on it and in the mean time to research into the marketing situation and the institutional situation by using the successful experiences of american and western countries for inference, so as to put forward the opinion that the main task of china ' s carrying out mbs is to create favorable marketing and institutional conditions for them and. to improve responding marketing system to foster the exterior environment for the implementation of mbs so as to enable the institutional law system, instead of the non - institutional administrative support, to ensure the success of carrying mbs into execution

    在目前條件下，中國推行住房抵押貸款證券化的基礎還十分脆弱，基本上不具備大規模開展住房抵押貸款證券化的條件，雖然有進行住房抵押貸款證券化的潛在要求，但就其緊迫性而言並不十分突出。擴大抵押貸款一級市場資金來源與提高住房市場有效需求被認為是在我國實行住房抵押貸款證券化的重要依據。本文主旨是對我國實施住房抵押貸款證券化進行研究，主要思路是結合我國國情，同時借鑒美國及西方一些發達國家的成功經驗，就實施住房抵押貸款證券化所需具備的市場條件和制度條件進行探討，提出當前我國實行住房抵押貸款證券化的主要任務是為住房抵押貸款證券化創造各種市場條件和制度條件，完善相應的市場制度以培育實施資產證券化所需要的外部條件，讓制度性的法規體系而不是非制度性的行政支持來確保我國資產證券化市場的逐步形成和健康發展。
  10. The final part tries to integrate the multi - bodies by means of institutional arrangements, such as the improvement of laws and codes, the

    第二，危機管理實踐中暴露出政府治理體制，如權力制衡、公眾監督、輿論制衡、責任政治中的各種問題。
  11. It is not common adjusting for the promotion of the industry amalgamation from industry conversion, but a momentous routs conversion, which needs the input of infrastructure construction ; the institutional platform for the industry renovation ; constructing the organization carrier for industry amalgamation ; more effective means for promoting industry amalgamation and industry conversion

    產業融合促使產業轉型不是一般的路徑調整，而是重大的路徑轉換，需要信息基礎設施建設和研究開發與教育的投入，需要提供產業變革的制度平臺，需要構造產業融合的組織載體，需要開拓產業融合與產業轉型的有效途徑。
  12. Corporate governance describes all the influences affecting the institutional processes, including those for appointing the controllers and / or regulators, involved in organizing the production and sale of goods and services. therefore, the author tries to use comparison, demonstration and economy analyses means to approach the legal problems on corporate governance

    公司治理是一個從法律學、經濟學、財務學、會計學，甚至政治學與社會學等多元角度來探討公司企業組織運作，以及各種利害關系人之間的互動並評估其績效，同時也是透過市場機制與法律規范等制度因素，提升公司企業的營運績效與股東價值。
  13. Institutional disequilibrium means that institutions supplied and institutions demanded are not in balance, while institutions are not in harmony with each other. there are different criteria to classify institutional disequilibrium. it can be divided into institutional supply shortage and institutional supply excess, into sum disequilibrium and share disequilibrium or into general disequilibrium, partial disequilibrium and structural disequilibrium

    制度非均衡可從不同的角度來分類：它可分為供給不足型制度非均衡與供給過剩型制度非均衡，也可分為凈收益總額非均衡與凈收益份額非均衡，還可分為一般非均衡、局部非均衡與結構非均衡。
  14. The technological risk is shown as selecting type mistake of the software and the system supplier ' s choice risk mainly ; transform risk display and means the risk appeared in order to change and manage various kinds of required management ideas of the means, management way, and in order to meet the needs of erp system, revitalize risks of organizing brought to institutional framework and business procedure ; control project risk display to implement cycle lengthen, implement cost increase, implementation quality and implement result up to goal preconcerted ; human resources risk show as lack effective consultant of implementation, lack the risk with staff of the implementing ability mainly

    技術風險主要表現為軟體選型錯誤以及系統供應商的選擇風險；變革風險主要表現指為改變管理手段、管理方式所要求的各種管理觀念轉變所出現的風險，以及為了適應erp系統的需要，對組織結構以及業務流程進行重新調整所帶來組織風險；項目監控風險主要表現在對實施周期延長、實施成本的增加、實施質量以及實施效果沒有達到預定的目標；人力資源風險主要表現為缺乏有效的實施顧問指導、企業缺乏具有實施能力的員工的風險。
  15. The third chapter analyzes the circulation system of the right to contracted management of rural land, in which the author believes exist legislative deficiency and insufficient institutional support. to improve the status quo, we should adhere to the first place of efficiency while taking into account the fairness ; we should radicate principles like voluntariness, compensation, registration, and restriction ; by means of legislation, we should define the property right nature of the right to contracted management of rural land, list out the different ways of its circulation, expand the

    本文認為，在農村土地承包經營權的流轉中，我們應當堅持效率優先、兼顧公平的宗旨，確立自願、有償、登記和限制原則，通過立法明確農村土地承包經營權的物權屬性和各項流轉方式、擴大農村土地承包經營權的流轉范圍、明確流轉雙方當事人的權利義務關系，並加快農村土地承包經營權相關配套制度的建設，推進農村土地承包經營權的有序流轉。
  16. For this reason, the government should use methods as programming and guiding plans offering information and services standardizing and managing regulations supervising and checking with proper means to bring into play the subject function of intermediary ; at the same time, it ' s necessary to pass a legal system like the social intermediary ' s organizational management laws and other regulations to definite the character of social intermediary organizations. in addition, the social intermediary also should strengthen its self - building through setting up three major mechanisms : the competition mechanisms, the responsibility mechanisms, and the self - discipline system. and also, to adjust and substantiate the structure of the organization, strengthen its own institutional improvement, set up its talents " training mechanism, and improve the employees " personnel professional ethics, train their integral level will help the social intermediary to get onto the right track of development

    為此，政府要通過規劃與引導、提供信息與服務、規范與管理、監督與檢查及運用適當的協調方法與手段來發揮培育與發展社會中介組織的主體作用;同時需要通過法律制度如社會中介組織管理法律法規、社會中介組織機構法律法規、社會中介組織行為規范制度等明確社會中介組織的性質定位;另外，社會中介組織也要加強自身建設，通過建立三大機制?競爭機制、責任機制與自律機制，調整和充實機構設置，加強自身的制度建設，建立人才的培訓吸納機制，提高內部人員職業道德修養整體水平等措施使社會中介組織走上良性發展的軌道。
  17. The author adopts means of systematical theory and total theory, establishes a research path of “ main body action, trade, institutional structure, economy output, research on countermeasure ” pattern, designs a problem ? raised, theory ? analyzed, situation ? researched and example ? applied structure of study transotion mechanism, and fully study the theory and solution of northeast institution mechanism with compare system analysis, math method and evolutionary game theory. first of all, this paper analyzes the basic theory, which serves as the

    本文堅持系統分析和均衡分析的分析方法，創建了「主體行為?交易?制度結構?經濟績效?反饋」的分析框架，構建了「問題提出?基本理論分析?現狀研究?理論命題?對策研究」的轉軌機理研究路徑，運用比較制度分析、數學模型和演化博弈制度分析等方法，全面深入地研究東北地區經濟轉軌內在機理的理論和途徑。
  18. In the detailed study, based on resource allocation principles and new institutional economics, and by employing theories of land economics, the paper establishes a yardstick for judging the validity of the institutional effect in land resource allocation. then, it analyzes the formation of the traditional urban land allocation institution and the characteristics, problems and their innermost causes in the process of urban land use system reform. it also brings to light the major contradictions and problems by means of economic analysis

    在具體研究中，本文以資源配置原理和新制度經濟學為基礎，同時運用土地經濟理論，建立起土地資源是否有效配置的制度績效判斷尺度；然後從歷史的角度，分析城市土地傳統配置制度形成以及城市土地使用制度改革過程中的特徵、問題及其深層次原因，用經濟分析的方法揭示出主要矛盾和問題；再在此基礎上，探索城市土地有效配置的制度創新思路。
  19. A land use means a type of use, for example residential ( single family homes, apartments ), commercial ( stores, offices, movie theaters ), industrial, institutional ( schools, hospitals, churches, post office ), recreation ( park, playground, golf course )

    土地使用是一種使用類型，比如居住型（獨立家庭住宅，公寓） ，商業型（商店，辦公室，電影院） ，工業型，公共組織型（學校，醫院，教堂，郵局） ，娛樂型（公園，操場，高爾夫球場） 。
  20. They spread primarily from individualto individual through interpersonal communication, and only in atypicalcases through mass media or other institutional means

    它們主要通過個體之間的交流來進行傳播和擴散，只有在特殊情況下，才會通過大眾媒體或公共機構流傳。
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