international jurisdiction 中文意思是什麼
international jurisdiction
解釋
國際管轄- international : adj 國際（上）的，國際間的；世界的；〈I 〉國際勞工聯盟的；〈I 〉國際信號的。 an international con...
- jurisdiction : n. 1. 裁判權；司法；司法權。2. 管轄權；管轄范圍；權限。adj. -al
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Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply
基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。 -
It is inevitable for principle of universal jurisdiction being accepted quickly and radicated as one essential principle of international criminal law in 2oth century : the first reason is that in the face of the complication, diversification and organizing nature of international crime, international society mends his pace to seek the diplex judicial system which can control these international crimes even effectively and fleetly. the second reason is that there are many disadvantages in the direct enacting pattern of international criminal law, the most obvious one is that the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunal and international criminal court are very restricted and the time - limiting system is also narrow
普遍管轄原則在二十世紀被迅速廣泛接受並被確立為國際刑法的基本原則有其必然性:首先，國際犯罪的日益復雜化及多樣化使國際社會加緊尋求有效的控制、打擊國際犯罪的國際、國內雙重司法體制。其次，國際刑法的直接執行模式又存在諸多缺陷。最明顯的問題就是國際法庭或國際刑事法院的屬物管轄范圍太狹窄，時間效力也很受限制。 -
The main subject of part three is the three aftermaths of international civil jurisdiction conflict : influencing judicial assistance between nations ; influencing the execution of court judgments ; and eventually influencing the realization of disputants " substantive rights
第三部分：國際民事管轄權沖突的後果國際民事管轄權的沖突，將導致一系列的法律後果。表現在：國家之間的司法協助關系受到影響；法院判決的承認和執行受到阻礙；當事人的實體權利難以實現。 -
The fact that usually more than two countries are involved into the international civil and commercial disputes and the jurisdiction bases in each country vary a lot consist of the objective cause of international civil jurisdiction conflict ; while the intention held by disputants and the court of jurisdiction constitutes the subjective cause of international civil jurisdiction conflict
國際民商事糾紛與兩個以上國家存在聯系，以及各國行使管轄權的根據不同，是國際民事管轄權沖突產生的客觀原因。而當事人和法院的主觀願望和意圖則是管轄權沖突產生的主觀原因。 -
Part one tries to have an analysis on the types and essential elements of international civil jurisdiction conflicts. after defining what is international civil jurisdiction and international civil jurisdiction conflicts and classifying international civil jurisdiction conflicts into positive and negative conflicts, the paper confines its research on positive conflicts of international civil jurisdictions. when disputants bring the same disputes to two or more courts of different countries, which all have legitimate jurisdiction over the said disputes and accept their complaints, international civil jurisdiction conflict appears inevitably
筆者認為，國際民事管轄權積極沖突的構成，應當同時具備以下要件： （ 1 ）當事人就同一訴訟標的在兩個或兩個以上國家的法院提起訴訟； （ 2 ）兩個或兩個以上國家的法院對該同一訴訟標的均具有合格管轄權； （ 3 ）兩個或兩個以上國家的法院均受理同一訴訟案件。 -
Pending the establishment of an international regime, states and persons were bound to refrain from all activities of exploitation of the resources of the area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
在國際制度尚未建立以前，所有國家及個人均不得對各國管轄范圍以外區域的資源進行任何開發活動。 -
The establishment of the international criminal court, which is the first permanent court with jurisdiction over individuals who committed international crimes, is no doubt a landmark event in the development of international law
國際刑事法院的成立無疑是國際法發展史一個具有里程碑意義的事件，因為它是有史以來第一個對犯有嚴重國際罪行的個人行使管轄權的常設性國際刑事司法機構。 -
Secondly, the article makes a further research on the existing problems in the system of jurisdiction, which includes the statutory jurisdiction, such as territorial jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, grade jurisdiction, and includes jurisdiction by order, such as referral jurisdiction, designate jurisdiction, and includes specific jurisdiction and jurisdiction by agreement, etc. there is a special theory and practice of jurisdiction in maritime action, such as distress jurisdiction, action in rem, etc. in the aspect of the jurisdiction of international maritime action, the article puts an emphasis on how to coordinate and develop the jurisdiction conflicts of international maritime action
從而再進一步研究包括地域管轄、上訴管轄、級別管轄在內的法定管轄和移送、指定等裁定管轄以及專屬管轄、協議管轄等管轄體系中的各個問題。海事訴訟具有獨特的管轄理論與實踐，比如扣押管轄、對物訴訟等。就國際海事訴訟管轄而論，重點在於國際海事訴訟管轄如何協調和發展。 -
According to the united nations convention on the law of the sea, the article follows expounding the legal position of internal waters, the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, international straits, archipelagic waters and the high seas, and analyzing the rights and obligations of coastal countries in above areas and the criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction of the coastal country and the flag state. then, the article clears up the rights of shipping of vessels in different areas, which is the main point of the paper. circling this main point, the article further makes some advice to better our regulations on the law of the sea
因此，本文從船舶的定義及船舶航行權的性質和意義入手，以《聯合國海洋法公約》為依據，闡述了公約所劃定的內水、領海、毗連區、專屬經濟區、國際海峽、群島水域及公海的法律地位、分析沿海國在這些海域中的權利和義務，以及沿海國與船旗國對船舶的刑事、民事管轄權，進而明確了船舶在不同海域的航行權，並圍繞這一中心問題，提出了完善我國海洋法律制度的相關建議。 -
Essence of the conflict of jurisdiction of civil action concerned foreign, and combined our 1 awmaking actual ity about the conflict of jurisdiction of civil action concerned foreign and the achievements of law field in china, and consulted to some countries ? and some international statutes ? ? reasonable operation in the world, and kept to the principle voted by international law, and raised own reasonable suggestion of law making in order to build on and perfect the law about the conflict of jurisdiction of civi i action concerned foreign
本文通過分析涉外民事訴訟管轄權沖突產生的原因、表現形式及其本質，結合我國涉外民事訴訟管轄權沖突的立法現狀和學界成果，參照國際社會一些國家、一些國際條例的合理做法，遵循國際法公認的原則，提出自己的立法建議，為我國建立和健全涉外民事訴訟管轄權沖突協調的立法獻言獻策。 -
In the international capital market, especially the capital markets under the jurisdiction of common law countries, trust is popular in structuring spv
在國際資本市場上，尤其是英美法系國家的市場中，信託是spv的最為重要的方式之一。 -
On the jurisdiction of international criminal court
論國際刑事法院之管轄權 -
The second chapter is devoted to an theoretical analysis of u. s. ftc regime as an unity of opposition of avoiding international double taxation and maintaining u. s. fiscal jurisdiction
第二章從理論角度對美國抵免制度在避免國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權上的矛盾和統一作了分析。 -
The law provides these qualifications for ftc for the aim of maintaining u. s. fiscal jurisdiction, namely that ftc is just to be used to avoid international double taxation. however, this aim can not always be achieved
稅法為抵免設置這些條件的目的在於，保證抵免僅以消除國際雙重征稅為限，但在實踐中，這個目的並不總能達到。 -
The chapter considers that there are two classes of rules in u. s. ftc regime, rules granting rights and rules restricting rights, of which the former is intended to avoid international double taxation and the latter is to maintain u. s. fiscal jurisdiction
該章認為，美國抵免制度中包含了這樣兩種規則：授予權利的規則和限制權利的規則，這兩種規則價值取向完全不同，前者意在避免國際雙重征稅，後者旨在維護美國稅收管轄權。 -
Among the legal methods of avoiding international double taxation, foreign tax credit ( ftc ) has more advantages than the methods of exemption and deduction. for example, from the view of the state that credits foreign taxes, ftc maintains its fiscal jurisdiction as well as avoids international double taxation. accordingly, ftc has become the favorite method of nations
美國聯邦所得稅法中的外國稅收抵免制度一方面為美國提供了消除國際雙重征稅的主要方法- -抵免法，另一方面在極力地維護美國的稅收管轄權，因此是避免國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權的矛盾統一體。 -
It is pointed out that whether u. s. exerts its fiscal jurisdiction based on the territorial or the personal principle, international double taxation is possible to be created because of the overlapping of u. s. and foreign fiscal jurisdiction ; that u. s. avoids international double taxation by signing bilaterally tax treaties and proscribing unilaterally internal tax rules ; that in the internal tax law u. s. adopts the methods of ftc, exemption and deduction, among which the ftc method is the most important
第一章首先討論了美國抵免制度的法律背景，包括美國行使稅收管轄權產生國際雙重征稅的情形，美國避免國際雙重征稅的途徑與方法等；然後對美國抵免制度作了概括性介紹，並通過與免稅法和扣除法的對比，得出抵免法是美國消除國際雙重征稅主要方法的結論。 -
The ideal state of the ftc regime is to unify the two factors of avoiding international double taxation and maintaining u. s. fiscal jurisdiction. however, by various reasons in reality the unification is impossible to be perfect and there are always conflicts between the two factors. the third chapter discusses qualifications of ftc in u. s. internal law
抵免制度的理想狀態是，在消除國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權兩個方面達到統一，但在現實中，由於立法和執法上存在的漏洞、美國與外國法律規定的非一致性、法律和經濟現實的矛盾性等原因，完全的統一總難以達到，抵免制度總存在這樣那樣的缺陷。 -
The decision - making theory and a state ' s choice of international jurisdiction adaptability
決策理論與國際司法適用的國家選擇 -
An analysis of the straits of china ' s participation in international jurisdiction
中國參與國際司法的困阻與對策分析
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