international public goods 中文意思是什麼

international public goods 解釋
國際公益物
  • international : adj 國際（上）的，國際間的；世界的；〈I 〉國際勞工聯盟的；〈I 〉國際信號的。 an international con...
  • public : adj （opp private）1 公共的，公眾的，公用的；人民的，社會的，國家的；政府的，公營的，公立的。2 （...
  • goods : n. 〈pl. 〉1. 商品，貨物〈美國說 freight〉。 ★不與數目字連用。2. 動產。3. 〈the goods〉 〈美口〉本領；不負所望的人[物]。
  1. However, excessive tax competition may weaken the effectiveness of the tax incentives, hence incuring welfare loss ; ( ii ) in a non - cooperation tax competition equilibrium, it turns out that tax rates are set too low to fiance an efficient level of public expenditure, especially lowers the provision of the public goods benefiting residents ; ( iii ) competition for capital means the revenue from capital income taxation declines. in order to maintain the necessary public expenditure, the government would shift tax burden towards the more immobile labor, which may arouse the inequity issues on redistribution. chapter 3 : " the strategy of international tax competition and optimal capital taxation.

    但過度的稅收競爭反而會減弱稅收激勵政策的有效性，降低一國福利水平；其二，在非合作均衡狀態下，國際稅收競爭使所有國家的資本課稅都維持在缺乏效率的低稅率狀態，從而不能獲取足夠的財政收入，導致公共產品提供不足；其三，旨在吸引資本流入的稅收競爭，普遍降低了對資本所得的課稅，但政府為了獲取足夠的財政收入以維持正常的支出，會將本來由資本承擔的一部分稅負轉移到流動性較弱的勞動力身上。
  2. Sporting goods business and world office supplies is under auspices of china light industry ministy, edited jointly by china stationery sporting goods information centre and china stationery sporting goods association. it has become a member of international stationery press association and approved by state press publication admintration of chinathe magazine is a first class magazine of national - level, and published both home abroad in public

    文體用品與科技雜志是由國家輕工業聯合會主管全國文教體育用品信息中心和中國文教體育用品協會主辦的文體用品專業期刊，國內外公開發行國內統一刊號： cn11 - 3762 ts國際標準刊號： issn1006 - 8902郵發代號： 82 - 219國外代號： bm1451 。
  3. With the combination of theory and practice, this thesis reveals the financial shortage in the present city construction and expounds on the basis of referring to international experience the practice of three major funds raising approaches in china - - - - - city infrastructure construction governmental investing and funding, project investing and funding and municipal bonds. and what ' s more, the thesis puts up the development direction of chinese city infrastructure construction funding pattern in the years ahead. this thesis falls into five chapters : chapter one : introduction, the basic conceptions and the practical meaning of choosing the subject ; a brief introduction of the theoretical foundation of city infrastructure construction investing and funding - - - - - public goods theory

    本文共分五章：第一章為導言，提出本文的基本概念和選題的意義，並簡要介紹了城市基礎設施投融資的理論基礎? ?公共物品理論；第二章在對城市基礎設施內部分解和投資主體界定的基礎上，借鑒國際經驗反思我國的政府投融資方式；第三章著重論述bot和abs方式在我國的運用，分析這兩種融資方式在實踐中應注意的問題，提出內資bot的操作方案和abs方式的國際運作；第四章參照國際慣例，設計了我國發行市政債券的試行方案，分析了我國發行市政債券應注意的問題；第五章在前面論述的基礎上，比較了世界上兩種典型的城市基礎設施融資模式，界定了我國城市基礎設施融資模式，提出了發展我國城市基礎設施融資模式的政策建議。
  4. Three effects of international tax competition are analyzed : the location decision of fdi, the provision of public goods and the tax burden distribution between factors

    作者分別從外國直接投資（ fdi ）流向、公共產品提供和生產要素的稅負分佈等三個不同角度探討了國際稅收競爭的效應。
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