judicial independence 中文意思是什麼

judicial independence 解釋
司法獨立
  • judicial : adj 1 司法的，審判上的。2 審判員的；法官的；法院的；法院判決的[規定的]。3 法官似的，符合法官身分...
  • independence : n. 1. 獨立，自主，自立 （of; on）。2. 足夠維持閉居生活的收入。3. 獨立心，自恃心。
  1. Judicial independence is the key of judicature ' s constitutionality

    司法法治化的關鍵在於司法獨立
  2. He also insisted that we should crackdown economic crimes and felonious criminal offense continually and firmly ; the police, the procurators " offices and the court would precisely hold of judicial independence principle and operate each rights correctly ; we should pay great attention to the training of legal functionaries and perform both punishment and education in the process of criminal transforming

    他還主張要堅持不懈地嚴厲打擊經濟犯罪和嚴重刑事犯罪；公檢法三機關要準確把握司法獨立原則，正確行使各自職權；要努力抓好政法隊伍建設：在對違法犯罪分子的教育改造工作中要做到懲罰與教育緊密結合。
  3. With an eye to the systematic of judicial interpretation, the inherent requirement of judicial independence, the nature of criminal adjudication, the accordance of power and responsibili ty, and the semanteme of judicial independence, the author finds out that the principle of " the people ' s courts shall exercise judicial power independently " shall also include the personal independence of individual judges. on this basis, the author reviews the adjudicative power endowed with the adjudicatory committee by law and holds that this provision has its historical significance, yet its application in today brings more malpractice than benefits. its application goes against the justness, the quality and the efficiency of the administration of justice, and goes against the realization of other important functions of the adjudicatory committee, the improvement of the skills and abilities of the judges

    在此基礎上，筆者對我國法律賦予審判委員會實質意義上的裁判權的規定進行了評析，認為，審判委員會行使裁判權，雖然有其存在的歷史原因，但在現在已經是弊大於利，它不利於司法公正，不利於保證案件質量，不利於提高訴訟效率，不利於提高訴訟效益，不利於審判委員會其他職能的正常發揮，不利於提高法官素質，理論界和實務界提出的種種保留審判委員會的裁判權的主張，並不能克服審判委員會行使裁判權的弊端，因此，應當取消審判委員會的裁判權（不是廢除審判委員會） ，法定的裁判者只能是負責個案審判的法官和人民陪審員。
  4. This part expounds the trial committee ' s : potential and shown defects in theory and practice from five aspects, the trial committee influences the judicial independence by main depriving judge ' s independent jurisdiction, to destruct the justice of the procedure, violate such as open trial, direct words, collegiate system, according etcs basic lawsuit principle, at the same time, as further deep demonstration, the author propose the trial committee cant ensured to realize justice too

    第五部分，審判委員會的缺陷，這一部分從五個方面詳細論述審判委員會制度潛在和表現出來的理論及實踐缺陷。作者認為，審判委員會以剝奪法官獨立審判權為核心影響了司法獨立，同時構成對程序正義的破壞，違背了諸如審判公開、直接言詞、合議制、迴避等基本訴訟原則。作為深一層的論證，作者也提出了審判委員會不能充分保障實質正義的實現。
  5. ( 2 ) on the one hand because lacks the concrete working instruction which cause the state department fail to supervise judicial department ' s behavior, on the other hand the judicial department specially in local judicial department resists the state department ' s surveillance at the excuse of law independence ( 3 ) in the view of present judicial department ' s management system, organizations, the working routine and the personnel composes, our legal system also has many problems. according to the request from the party to rule a nation by law at fifteenth national congress, the judicial reform should be considered from following aspects. first, the goal judicial reform is to strengthen judicial independence fatherly ; secondly, judicial authority must by emphasized during the judicial reform ; thirdly, judicial unity must be strengthened ; fourthly, consummates the way and procedure of trial ; fifthly, establishes a specialized judicial system, diligently improves judge ' s troop quality roundly

    我國現行的司法制度是在政治上奉行「以階級斗爭為綱」 ，在經濟上實行高度集權的計劃經濟的特定歷史條件下逐步建立和發展起來的，主要存在三大弊端： （一）從司法機關與其他國家機關或組織的關繫上看，司法機關在人、財、物等方面受制於其他國家機關和組織，特別是由於地方司法機關受制於地方政府、地方權力機關和地方黨委，由此導致了司法權的地方化； （二）從對司法機關進行制約與監督的機制上看，一方面由於缺乏具體的操作規程致使根據黨的十五大提出的「依法治國」的要求，司法改革應從以下幾方面考慮:第一，司法改革的目標是進一步增強司法的獨立性;第二，司法改革應當強調司法的權威性;第三，應當強化司法的統一性;第四，完善審判方式和程序;第五，建立法律職業的專業化制度，努力提高法官的整體隊伍素質。
  6. Because of the negativity, neutrality, procedure, finality and firsthand experience, which the jurisdiction has, judicial independence became the mutual choice of the world

    由於審判權具有消極性、中立性、程序性、終局性和親歷性的特徵，審判獨立成為世界各國共同的選擇。
  7. With reference to latest theoretical and practical results in judicial reform, the author puts forward following allegation : reconstructing court organization in china with the aim of judicial independence ; and legislative resetting the significance, function and organization, furthermore, the author contends that amendment and complement of actual constitutionm, court organization law, judge law and related criminal, civil and administrative law is necessary, only based on which can former contentions turn into reality

    本文在參考我國司法改革的最新理論與實踐的成果基礎上，提出下述主張：以司法獨立為目標或基礎，重新建構我國法院組織機構；應當從立法上對基層法院的意義、作用及組織機構進行重新定位。作為實現上述主張的基礎條件，作者認為，必須對現行憲法和法院組織法、法官法以及刑事、民事、行政訴訟法等相關法律進行修改和完善。
  8. In response to real obstructions, the early roc government endowed judicial independence with two indications : one was to maintain the existence of the partially built judi cial

    在現實障礙前，民初的審判獨立呈現出這樣的特點，一方面，維持一個小規模的法院體系的存在，并力圖逐步擴張。
  9. The author first introduces the process of establishment of present system, it analyzes the existing problem in judicial process. it concludes : all the problems are associated with the reason that we did n ' t establish the judicial independence system, we did n ' t provide the judges with the opportunities to do their job independently. therefore, in order to accord with the new situation after the entrance to wto, realize fairness and efficiency, fasten the reform of judice, we should establish the ilndependence of judicial system

    文章首先介紹了我國現行的法院獨立審判原則的確立過程和法官獨立與我國法院獨立審判原則之區別，重點分析了我國法院獨立審判制度中存在的問題，得出結論：我國之所以在司法過程中存在法院內部司法行政化、司法權力的地方化、法官管理的公務員化、法官形象軍警化、法官構成的非專業化、法官與社會的關系親密化等問題和弊病，是因為在我國沒有把法官獨立作為一項司法制度予以確立，沒有給法官提供獨立辦案、不受任何干涉的機制保障。
  10. On the other hand, due to their difference in system and practice of administration, news reporting and judicial act inevitably have certain degree of conflict, thus the questions of in what way media supervision interferes with judicial independence or promotes judicial justice and what judicial activities are not to be reported or supervised

    然而，由於兩者各自所處的領域和各自特性的不同，在新聞與司法實踐中，又不可避免地產生了一定程度上的沖突和對立?什麼樣的新聞媒體監督干擾司法獨立，什麼樣的新聞媒體監督促進司法公正?什麼樣的司法活動又是新聞媒體所不能采訪報道與監督的呢
  11. The enactment of the law of public opinion supervision is determined by the importance of public opinion supervision. it meets not only the need of perfecting our socialistic legal system, but also the demand of properly dealing with the relationship among public opinion supervision, judicial independence and the legal rights of citizens and legal person, more significantly, it dispels the obstacle of operation and thought

    制定《輿論監督法》是由輿論監督的重要地位決定的，是完善我國社會主義法律體系的需要，也是依法正確處理輿論監督與司法獨立、公民和法人合法權益之間關系的要求，更是消除其中操作障礙與思想障礙的呼喚。
  12. The government respects and upholds judicial independence, and acts in accordance with the rulings of the court of final appeal and the lower courts

    香港特區政府尊重和維護司法獨立，執行終審法院和各級法院的裁決。作為一個特區，香港享有終審權，這獨特的憲制安排是世界罕有的。
  13. On supervision by public opinion and judicial independence

    論輿論監督與司法獨立
  14. The author thinks that damages caused by public utilities should be included in national indemnity, and should be redressed according to the procedure of national indemnity. the author also assumes four following premises for the adoption of damages caused by public utilities into national indemnity. the first, we accept the new theories of other countries ; the second, we learn from and follow the legislation of developed countries, amend national indemnity act ; the third, the legal practices can keep developing, and the spirit of judicial independence can be cultivated ; the fourth, the practice of national indemnity act can be developed further and gets the people ’ s trust and recognition

    本文主張公有公共設施致害應納入國家賠償，並循國家賠償程序進行救濟，提出了關于公有公共設施致害納入國家賠償的四個假定，即:一、理論上我們接受各國最新之學說;二、立法上能夠參照先進國家的立法例，使國家賠償法于修改完善時達致真正救濟法水平，同時須注意相關配套法律法規的制定與完善;三、司法實踐能夠保持足夠的發展張力，能夠著力培育司法獨立之精神;四、國家賠償法的實踐能夠不斷深入，得到民眾的信任與認可。
  15. Prospects for judicial independence under hu do not look good

    治下的司法獨立前景並不看好。
  16. In the meantime, in this chapter, the author also analysis the problems which existed when we implemented judicial independence, propose some prospects for consummating our judicial independence

    另外，本章還探討了與法官選任職有關的審判長選任制、法官等級制度、法官的定編等問題。第四章是法官職業道德。
  17. Prove that the chief judge selection and appointment system is functional in increasing judicial independence and authority, and improving judicial efficiency and judge ' s quality, based on the overall analysis of that chief judge selection and appointment system can realize judicial independence, analysis of outside judicial environment for the system operation, and objective and effect of enforcing the system. the fourth part analyzes the problems existing in our country ' s current chief judge selection and appointment system

    從我國審判長選任制實現司法獨立的價值取向，審判長選任制運行的外部司法環境，實行審判長選任制的價值目標和運行效應等多個角度進行論證分析，重點論證了在目前的司法環境下實行審判長選任制起到的增強司法獨立和權威、提高司法效率和法官素質的積極作用。
  18. The purpose for adopting chief judge selection and appointment system is to first realize judicial organization ' s independence. although this system is only transitional system arrangement from court independence to judge individual independence, it is a big step toward the modern judge system of judge independence during our country ' s process of realizing judicial independence

    實行審判長選任制的目的就是要先實現審判組織獨立，這一制度雖然只是從法院獨立走向法官個人獨立的一種過渡性制度安排，但卻是我國在實現司法獨立過程中向著法官獨立的法官制度現代化邁出的一大步。
  19. Second, from the relation between inspection to individual cases and judicial independence, the principle of judicial independence has its history and it reflected the basis regulation of development of law of near and morden ages

    審判獨立原則不僅有歷史而且因為反映了近現代法治發展的基本規律，已經成為當今世界各國所普遍遵行的一項政治和法律原則。
  20. The judicial independence is the result of the human political civilization which develops into certain stage ; it embodies the development of the social labor ’ s division in the field of power ; it is a summary of the experience that needs the state power restricted, checked and balanced ; and it is furthermore the landmark where people depend to clearly realize the structure of state power

    司法獨立是人類政治文明發展到一定階段的產物，是社會分工的發展在權力領域的體現，是權力需要制約和制衡的歷史經驗總結，標志著人們對國家權力結構認識的又一高度。
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