level-one variable 中文意思是什麼
level-one variable
解釋
一級變量-
So the sliding mode variable structure controller was discussed, which has strong robustness against the disturbance, and the chattering phenomenon inherited from vsc was taken advantage to regular valve vibration for the purpose of avoiding coagulation on it, while precision of level control can be almost unaffected. but for the reason of control limitation, especially the acceleration insufficiency, the continuous time quasi - sliding mode vsc for one class of controllable system, as the substitution of ideal sliding mode control system, which was impossible to implemented, was researched, including the three essentials, reaching condition in particular, and the chattering ex - pression was given. furthermore, the effect to quasi - sliding mode motion and chatter - ing expression by extent disturbance was also analyzed
由於控制量相對受限制，並且主要體現在控制量加速不足方面，無法實現理想的滑模變結構控制，因此本文研究了一類能控系統在這種情況下的連續系統準滑模變結構控制，包括變結構控制三要素，尤其是到達條件；並且針對塞棒掛渣問題，給出了該情況下抖振的表達式；魯棒性方面，分析了外界擾動對準滑模運動的影響，並且給出了外擾作用下抖振的表達式。 -
Variable pay is a one - off payment payable to staff who have attained or exceeded the required level of performance
浮動薪酬是發給能達到指定工作表現水平的職員的一次過款項。 -
Variable pay is a one - off payment to individual staff who have attained the required level of performance, with the exact amount varying according to their performance in the previous year
浮動薪酬是發給能達到一定工作表現水平的職員的一次過款項，個別職員所得的實際數額將按其在上年度的工作表現定出。 -
The key to his optimism is a parameter called “ climate sensitivity. ” this variable represents the increase in global temperature expected if the amount of carbon dioxide in the air doubles over preindustrial levels ? a level the earth is already one third of the way toward reaching
這個變數是指，當空氣中的二氧化碳含量增加為工業時代前的兩倍時，預期中全球氣溫增加的情形；而目前地球上二氧化碳的含量已經快達到目標值的1 / 3了。 -
At the same time, the implemental approaches of the genetic algorithm for water supply systems including both fixed and variable speed pumps were introduced. the direct optimal operation model and two - stage optimal operation model of water supply systems with one or more tanks were proposed, according to the hydraulic characteristic of storage tanks. appropriate fitness function of genetic algorithm was designed to solve upper level optimization and lower level optimization in two - stage optimal model
在分析了蓄水池數學模型的基礎上，建立了含有蓄水池的供水系統優化調度二級尋優模型和直接優化模型，並設計了遺傳演算法適應度函數分別求解二級尋優模型中的一級、二級尋優，針對二級尋優出現無解的情況，提出了放鬆約束處理和對一級尋優得到的最優水池水位進行修正的方法。
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