liability n 中文意思是什麼
liability n
解釋
負債-
The illegal monopoly is becoming more and more conspicuous in domestic economy. in terms of the inveteracy of monopoly of all walks of life, continuity of administrative monopoly and tendency of economic monopoly. one main reason that the illegal monopoly ca n ' t be prohibited effectively in practice is that the relevant provisions on legal liability from the perspective of chinese legislation are with curious lacunae of astounding ignorance
長期對此遏制不力的一個重要原因是非法壟斷法律責任制度存在漏洞。據此，反壟斷法律制度能否有效地得到貫徹實施，國家能否有力地保護競爭和抑制壟斷，在很大程度上取決于能否建立一套行之有效的法律責任制度，否則反壟斷法律制度將成為一紙空文。 -
Article n 23 the registered capital of a limited liability company tis the amount of capij tal contributionec sually paid up by all shareholders tjl and registered with rhe company registration authority
第二十三條：有限責任公司的注冊資本為在公司登記機關登記的全體股東實繳的出資額。 -
If the adjudicative fact does n ' t match with the objective fact, the adjudicative fact as a factual statement is false statement ; if the adjudicative fact does n ' t match with the normative fact, the adjudicative fact is just a meaningless statement in the domain of law even though the factual statement matches with the objective fact and is true statement, and can not be used as the basis of the coming into being, changing and terminating of the relationships of the right and liability
裁判事實如果不符合客觀事實，這一裁判事實作為一種事實判斷就是一個偽命題；同時，如果裁判事實不符合規范事實，即使它符合客觀事實，也就是說這一事實判斷也是一個真命題，但在法律上它只是一個無意義的命題，不能作為權利義務關系產生、變更和消滅的依據。 -
This thesis argues that the school is not the guardian of the infant students and the school does n ' t assume the guardian liability but the liability to educate, to supervise and to protect those students. the doc trine of liability fixation of school ' s liability is wrongs. the school, on the grounds that the student is injured, the school can control the accident, there is relation between the student ' s injure and the school ' s ate, the school is wrong, is truly responsible for the accident
學校對未成年學生不是承擔監護責任，而是承擔教育、管理和保護責任；學校承擔民事法律責任的歸責原則是過錯責任原則；學校承擔民事法律責任的構成要件是存在未成年人學生人身損害的事實，發生在學校可控制的范圍內，學校行為與未成年學生人身損害有因果關系，學校主觀上有過錯包括故意和過失；學校的免責事由包括正當理由和外來行為。 -
As a result of modern great production, products liability is inevitable law phenomenon, which is attached importance to in the law theory and practice by all the countries in the world, it has been a worldwide problem, but it has n ' t been mature and there are many law matters to be resolved in our current law institution, such as lack of standard and union, etc
產品責任作為現代化大規模生產的產物，是現代社會所必然出現的一種法律現象，在世界各國的法律理論和實踐中都受到了很高程度的重視，產品責任已成為世界性的問題。但我國目前的產品責任制度還不成熟，缺乏規范性、統一性，有許多問題亟待解決。 -
Surveying the theories and practice all over the world, the countries such as german insist on contract responsibility according to providing contract by silent information and protecting the third party. however, america and england tend to infringement responsibility, because they think there is n ' t strict contract relations between accounting and the third party, and cpa against the liability stipulated in advance. the third party can be devided to the direct third party, the predicted third party and the third party which can be predicted reasonably
縱觀世界各國學說與實踐，德國等大陸法系國家一般主張為契約責任，這主要是以默示的信息提供契約，具保護第三人效力的契約，契約締結上的過失等理由為依據；而英美法系國家，判例和學說趨向降旗認定為一種侵權責任，因為會計師與第三人之間並無嚴格意義上的契約關系，雖然對注冊會計師而言，第三人具有合理的可被預見性，但第三人畢竟是不確定的多數人，因而會計師違反的是法律事先規定的義務，侵犯的是一般公民的權利，是絕對權，只能依侵權行為的責任構成追究責任。 -
Although educational department laid down regulation " how to deal with the accidents on the campus " in june, 2002, the present law has n ' t made any regulations about it, and owing to judges " defferent understanding of the regulation and rulers, counts are not in line with each other both in views and in practice about whether schools take legal liability and what kind of legal liability schools should take and whether pubic schools and private schools, especially noble schools take the same legal liability and have, the same characteristic
雖說教育部於2002年6月以規章的形式頒布了《學生傷害事故處理辦法》 ，而由於我國現行法律並未就學生傷害事故如何處理作出明確的規定，加之法官對相關的規定理解不一，所以法院在審理該類案件時，對學校（包括幼兒園，下同）是否承擔責任，究竟承擔何種責任，公立學校與私立學校，尤其是收費昂貴、實行全封閉教學管理的貴族學校所應承擔責任的性質是否相同，等等，仍存在不同的認識和做法。 -
The person held traffic accident liability does n ' t bear private law liability because of executing duty. thereby, the author further clarifies the distinction between traffic accident liability and legal liability. through demonstration, this thesis clarifies theoretically and practically the vague understanding that equates directly traffic accident liability with liability of civil compensation for damage, responsibility for administrative malfeasances and criminal liability
通過論述，澄清了目前在理論界、實踐中將交通事故責任與民事損害賠償責任、行政違法責任、刑事責任直接等同的模糊認識，揭示了交通事故責任與法律責任的關系，即交通事故責任不是法律責任，而是為其他相關國家機構認定法律責任（刑事責任、行政責任、民事責任）提供證據意義上的鑒定結論。 -
Independence audit contract ( iac ) is the contract which aim lies in standardizing relation of every one independence audit activity. by auditing accounting information of enterprise and then ascertaining its truthfulness and evenhandedness, the aims of privy c to make use of independence audit work : affirming and relieving accountability or eliminating information asymmetrical distribution among investors and operators, the tow aims make independence audit activity involve harmonizing interest relation among clients and operators or former both and independence auditor. so requirement that harmonizing conflict of interest which three - part product in independence audit activity come into being. idiographic representations are defining aim of independence audit activity, thereout solicitation liability definitude and carve up, audit quality weigh and standard question. everyone independence auditor diathesis request etc. significance of iac is to provide game of flat roof, where the two parties can negotiatio n treat at freedom to help harmonize above contradiction or conflict of interest
獨立審計合約是規范獨立審計活動各參與方相互之間關系的合約，各參與人利用獨立審計工作活動的目的，在於通過獨立審計人員對企業會計信息真實、公允性鑒證，以確認及解除受託經濟責任或消除投資者與經營者之間的信息不對稱，這兩種目的都使獨立審計涉及到委託人與經營者及前兩者與獨立審計人員之間利益協調關系，因此，產生了規范三者間圍繞獨立審計活動而引發的利益沖突的協調需求，具體表現為審計目標的界定與實現和由此引發的責任界定與劃分、審計質量的衡量及標準問題、各方對審計人員素質的要求等。 -
Confirming limited liability of parents does n ' t mean that they can abuse the power of controlling
所以，作為母子公司關系的特殊規則一母公司對子公司的直接責任便應運而生。 -
The comprehensive and systematic analyses indicate that relevant laws and regulations in china are n ' t continuous at all, besides, with ambiguous terminologies, elastic and impractical fining amounts or terminals, the laws and regulations often carry out conflicting determinations on liability and punishment, so as to endangering the fairness of themselves
全面、系統的對比分析表明，我國資產評估相關的法律、法規內容相互之間不銜接，而且，具體法律、法規條文的用語模糊、懲罰金額或年限的彈性較大，缺乏實際的操作性，對資產評估法律責任的認定和處罰不統一，法律、法規的公正性受到懷疑。 -
The two law systems have different opinion on this kind of civil liability, but the author thinks this kind of liability appeared legally and should be a legal liability. our current company law almost has n ' t had any rules of director ' s civil liability for a third party. we should temporize to the world ' s lawmaking by adding the rules of director ' s civil liability for a third party and by commanding director to shoulder related responsibilities with company when he is responsible for the company ' s bankruptcy for his misuse of authority and when he has other rules - breaking actions
第二方面主要論述董事對第三人的民事責任，兩大法系在董事對第三人的責任性質上有不同的認識，筆者認為這種責任是依法產生的，應是一種法定責任；我國現行的公司法對董事對第三人的責任基本上未作出規定，我國公司法應追隨世界立法之潮流，增加董事對第三人民事責任的規定，要求董事濫用職權而對公司破產負有責任時，以及董事有其他違反規定的行為時，對第三人產生的損害與公司一起承擔連帶賠償。 -
The text is analyzing and discussing several important and controversial legal issues on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance, putting forward some standpoints and speculations. in addition to the preface and postscript, the full text is totally divided into five parts. chapter one firstly introduces several controversies in the judicatory fulfillment on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance which caused by the judgment of the national first case, which under the background of the implement of “ road traffic safety method ”, but at that time “ the motor vehicle compulsive insurance regulation ” did n ' t yet pedestal
《道路交通安全法》雖然規定了機動車的無過失責任原則，以圖更好保護弱者受害人利益，但實際上由於機動車強制保險未真正落實，保險公司仍使用商業保險條款，否認機動車責任險具有「強制性」 ，導致在面對交通事故進行賠付時出現功能錯位，從而增加了機動車一方的賠償責任，也使受害方得不到應有的救濟，沒有體現無過錯責任原則的社會承擔性。 -
The first is how to distinguish the liability caused by the tort affecting the. public utility facilities and the civil liability of the public undertaking. the second is the exemption of the tort affecting the public utility facilities. and the last is how to compensate if government does n ' t place the public utility facilities
主要是關于區別公有公共設施的國家賠償責任與公用企業的民事責任的問題，關于公有公共設施設置或管理瑕疵致害的免責事由問題和關于未設置公有公共設施的國家賠償責任問題。 -
This article analyzed the applicability of the shipowners ' liability limitation under the roc maritime law in reference to an accident of m / n amorgos occurred in south taiwan coast in 2001
摘要本文以比較分析方法探討我國海商法對船舶所有人責任限制規定之適切性，及其適用於阿瑪斯輪擱淺案船舶所有人責任限制之情形，包括得主張責任限制之人、事由及金額及不得主張責任限制之情形等。 -
There are four requirements for liability for conclusion of a contract : a ) one party violates the previous contract obligation ; b ) the party violated obligation is at fault ; c ) the aggrieved party suffers losses ; d ) there is causality between the behavior which violates obligation and the losses. the form to bear liability for conclusion of a contract is to compensate for losses, and the scope of compensation will be different according to the applying scope. the liability for conclusion of a contract ca n ' t be exempted because of force majeure, bu t when the force majeure occurs, abiding by the principle of fairness seems to be more accordant with fairness, good faith and original intention of legislation of liability for conclusion of a contract
需具備四個構成要件，即締約人一方違反先合同義務，違反先合同義務的一方有過錯，受害人受有損失，違反先合同義務的行為與受害人之損失有因果關系。承擔締約責任的方式是損害賠償，並因適用范圍的不同，賠償的范圍也有差異。但是，不可抗力不可以構成締約責任的免責事由，當發生不可抗力時，適用公平責任似乎更符合公平、誠實信用及締約責任的立法原意。 -
First, this paper illustrates that punitive damages has strong prevention function, at the same time it accords with the inspirit of civil law of modern times, it does n ' t conflict with basic theories of civil law, such as the partition of public law and private law, the separation of civil law and criminal law and unjust benefit, it is also the necessary supplement of compensatory civil liability, therefore it has the rationality of being
懲罰性賠償制度是英美法特有的一種民事責任形式，近些年該制度在大陸法國家及我國引起很大爭論。本文首先從理論上闡明了該制度具有很強的預防功能，符合現代民法的精神，與公法與私法的劃分、民刑分離、不當得利這些民法基本理論並不矛盾，是補償性民事責任的必要補充，因此具有存在的合理性。 -
This thesis, relying on the traffic accident process as well as focusing on the connotation of confirmation of liability, states the concept of road traffic accident liability and its relationship with legal liability in chapter one. in chapter two, the author states specific identification of traffic accident liability, analyses qualitatively the cause of the traffic accident and analyses quantitatively the acting force of the traffic accident effect caused by its cause. in chapter three, the author demonstrates the ground for elimination of liability of person held responsible, that is, the person held traffic accident liability does n ' t bear public law liability because of unexpected possibility, unpredictable aggravated effect and negligent legal defense
本文依託交通事故的處理過程，以責任認定的內涵為著眼點，在第一章中論述了交通事故責任的概念及其與法律責任的關系，第二章論述交通事故責任的具體認定，對交通事故原因進行了定性分析，對原因之於結果的作用力進行定量分析，第三章論證交通事故責任者法律責任的阻卻事由，即承擔交通事故責任的人，由於無期待可能性、不可預見的加重結果、過失的正當防衛等原因而不承擔公法責任，也可以因執行職務、車輛掛靠而不承擔私法責任，從而進一步闡明了交通事故責任與法律責任的區別。 -
Thus, the bank should do well i n the liquidity planning management and the clients " loan requirement prediction ; strengthen the credit management and improve the credit capital quality ; adjust the capital structure, enhance the capital liquidity ; develop middle business and the business out of the asset and liability sheets by financial innovation ; strengthen the high level of civilization services ; intensify the research towards the marketable interest ratio and prevent the liquidity risk caused by the changing of interest rate
為此，該行應該做好流動性計劃管理，作好客戶流動性需求的預測；加強貸款管理，提高信貸資產質量；調整資產結構，增加資產流動性；通過金融創新，大力發展中間業務和表外業務；加強優質文明服務；加強對利率市場化的研究，防止利率變化引發的流動性風險。 -
Basing on different reasons, each of the deltors, for the same content, should fulfill the responsibility to the creditors. after one of the deltor ' s fulfillment, others, as their creditors " purpose acheived, may get the right of refuting that they do n ' t need to fulfill it any more. such kind of delt is non - essential joint and several liability
不真正連帶債務是數個債務人基於不同的發生原因，就同一內容的給付，各負向債權人全部履行的義務;債務人之一完全履行后，其他債務人因債權人目的達到而獲得對債權人可以不再履行的抗辯權的債務。
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