low capital cost 中文意思是什麼
low capital cost
解釋
低資金成本-
In present dissertation, most stirpses are repartitioned and redefined, and the structure characteristic, course of formation, cause of formation, function and risk of stirpses are analyzed. the main conclusions are : [ 1 ] rapid development of corporations engenders urgent demand of financing, conflict between capital market imperfection and demand of financing leads corporations to control listed corporations by purchasing " shell " and enhance it ' s financing capability ; [ 2 ] two kinds of pricing institution of stock provides stirpses for controlling listed corporations by low cost, monitoring institution imperfections provides corporations for operating listed corporations. adjust of national assets provides more " shells " ; [ 3 ] more private corporations purchase listed corporations, some of them form stirpses ; [ 4 ] stirpses have positive influence about adjusting industry and enhancing capital market financing function ; [ 5 ] stirpses magnify financial risk by controlling listed corporations, and transform listed corporations from shareholders benefit to block shareholder benefit, having tendency of infracting shareholders benefit
本文主要的結論： [ 1 ]中國企業的迅速發展對融資有迫切的要求，中國國內資本市場發展不完善與這種強烈的融資需求的沖突導致了企業尋求通過買「殼」的方式控制上市公司，以此來提高自身的融資能力； [ 2 ]中國上市公司股票的兩種定價機制為「系」低成本控制上市公司提供了可能，監管機制的不完善為「系」提供了操縱上市公司的空間，國有資產在調整過程中從部分競爭行業退出，為資本市場提供了一定數量的「殼」資源； [ 3 ]民營企業紛紛買「殼」上市，在這個過程中，部分實力突出的企業形成了「系」 ； [ 4 ] 「系」現象對進行行業整合、提高資本市場融資能力等方面起到了積極的作用； [ 5 ] 「系」通過對上市公司進行的操縱放大了金融風險，將上市公司的股東利益最大化變為大股東利益最大化，存在著侵害小股東利益的潛在傾向。 -
The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。 -
Entering into wto gives much pressure to chinese government. because lack of soft and hard conditions in chinese enterprises, chinese enterprises " scales are small, their trade modes are single, their staff is in low quality, at the same time foreign capitals occupy chinese market by strong technology, cost advantage, abundant capital, brand advantage, and so on
由於我國企業軟、硬體條件的先天不足，規模零、散、小，經營管理水平不高，經營方式單一，經營理念落後，從業人員素質低下，外資憑借其強大的技術、成本、資金、服務、品牌優勢紛紛搶攤中國市場。 -
After making sure that refocusing strategy is the same with the company, the study analyzes external environments and interior conditions of the company. then there is a judgment of industrial development, and refocusing strategy is brought forward, including actualizing industry conformity, going along with organization reforger, adjusting management structure, and parceling the wealth reasonably. in the end, the paper gives a suggestion : deepening enterprise reformation, establishing modern enterprise system ; adjusting operation overall, upgrading industrial capability ; going along with organization reforger, founding industrial parts ; going along with capital operation, achieving low - cost outspread ; using unusual resources, going along with dummy operation ; creating advantage relatively, building flat roof to become a useful person ; changing management mode, inaugurate " many - win " phase ; building enterprise culture remain with the company
本文在對歸核化戰略在該公司的適用性作出肯定判斷的基礎上，對其發展的外部環境與內部條件進行了歸納，同時分析了其主要產業的發展態勢並作出基本的戰略判斷，提出了實施產業整合、進行組織再造、調整經營結構、合理配置資源為主要內容的歸核化戰略思路，並勾勒出了該公司實施歸核化戰略的主要舉措：深化企業改革，建立現代企業制度；整合產業項目，提升產業實力；實施組織再造，建立事業部制結構；進行資本運作，實現低成本擴張；利用獨特資源，進行虛擬運作；創造比較優勢，構築成才平臺；創新營銷思路，開創「多贏」局面；建設具有攀鋼企業公司特質的企業文化。 -
A ocean shipping co. in a province is facing following problems : less capital, small management scope, bad finance condition. weak ability for risk resistance, old ship age, bad ship condition, high operation cost, weak ability of gaining profit jess talent, low level of management, redundant staffs, unreasonable company organization structure. inert managing system. serious deficit etc. it is typical among middle and small shipping enterprises in tramp shipping market. by using a ocean shipping co. as example, the paper makes research on the difficult position which china middle and little shipping enterprises lying in, also its reason, and gives countermeasures accordingly. which is practical and realistic
某省a遠洋公司存在著資本存量少、經營規模小、財務狀況差、抗風險能力弱、船齡老化、船況差、經營成本高、盈利能力弱、人才短缺、管理水平較低、冗員嚴重、企業組織結構不合理、經營機制不靈活，虧損嚴重的種種現狀，在不定期航運市場上的中小企業中，具有典型性。本文以該公司為案例探討我國中小航運企業所面臨的困境及其原因，並有針對性地提出對策，具有科學性和實用性。 -
In order to speed up the urban construction, guarantee " olympic games move plan " construction and development goal realization, widely attracts the social capital to enter the city infrastructure domain to solve the fund supply and demand contradictory of large - scale centralism construction time and eliminates the low efficiency and resources waste which the administrative monopoly and the state - owned capital monopoly brings, reduces the infrastructure construction and the operation cost, lightens
為了加快城市建設進程，保證《奧運行動規劃》中各項建設和發展目標的實現，廣泛吸引社會資本進入城市基礎設施領域，解決大規模集中建設時期資金供需矛盾，消除行政性壟斷和國有資本壟斷造成的效率低下和資源浪費，降低基礎設施建設和運營成本，減輕政府財政補貼負擔，為廣大市民提供更優質的公共產品和服務，這些都要求北京市城市基礎設施投融資體制進行徹底地改革。 -
Enterprises need outsourcing capital of low - risk and low - cost to extend, the security issue and the market in which the security is sold to the investors are necessary to the enterprise ' s accumulating and distributing capital. the security market lets the enterprises get rid of excessive dependence on the bank, and realize the diversity choices of financing. the market chooses out the enterprises in the industries which have latent capacity and outstanding achievement, gives the enterprises capital sustenance for deep development by security financing, and finally promotes the industry development by supporting the core - enterprises in the industries
證券市場的出現，創造了一個金融與微觀主體的投資活動直接相聯系的機制，企業擴張需要低風險和低成本的外源資本，證券發行和把證券出售給投資者的市場對于企業積累和配置資本來說必不可少，證券市場使企業擺脫了對銀行融資的過度依賴實現了融資選擇的多樣化，證券市場把產業中具有發展潛力有成長業績的企業挑選出來，通過證券融資使其獲得進一步發展的資金支持，通過扶持產業內的核心企業促進了產業成長。 -
4 low capital mobilization cost : government bonds could always be collateralized, or used to raise capital by rp rs trading with bond dealers. the borrowing rate usually is lower than the bank and the procedure is easier
四資金調度成本低：隨時可以政府公債抵押，利用附條件交易方式向債券自營商取得資金周轉，其利率通常較向銀行貸款低，又不影響持券人之債息收入，手續亦簡便。 -
Meantime, because of the soft bound of equity capital caused by the low cost of stock right financing a nd the deficiency of corporate governance structure, listed companies were confronted with the problems of over - financing of stock right, over - investment and over - competition
同時，由於上市公司股權融資成本偏低和公司治理結構的缺陷導致的股權資本軟約束，在上市公司中又出現了過度股權融資、過度投資以及過度競爭等問題。 -
By analysing the conveyance cost, we can get the conclusion that the direct reason of high transport cost of shichang railroad is : capital over low, owing debt high, the capital construction unreasonable, the interest of bank loan heavy, high finance administrative expense. by means of the analysis of conveyance income, this article has pointed out that the lacking of carrying traffice resulting in conveyance income over low, is another reason for the high shichang railroad conveyance cost
從運輸成本的分析中得知，石長鐵路資本金比例過低、負債過高、資本結構不合理、銀行貸款利息重、財務管理費用嚴重偏高是運輸成本高的直接原因。通過分析運輸收入，本文指出運量不足而造成的運輸收入過低，也是造成石長鐵路運輸成本偏高的另一個原因。 -
Margins on domestic corporate and retail lending are slim, at about 100 basis points, while margins available in china would be much higher, especially given japan ' s low cost of capital
日本國內公司與零售銀行業務的利潤率微薄，大約在100個基點，而中國所能提供的利潤率要高得多，尤其在日本資本成本很低的情況下。 -
It should be noted that the priority for infrastructural improvement for remote rural area is low in view of the high capital cost but the population served would be small
不過，由於成本高昂，而服務人口極少，鄉郊偏遠地區基礎設施的改善工程的優先次序甚低。 -
According to the analysis of the reasons of equity financing preference, we know that the preference phenomenon is a rational choice of the listed company and control shareholders and managers. as we analyze in the paper, at present, the listed companies of our country has a preference of equity financing that is also a rational decision when the behavior bodies, such as the listed companies, the control shareholders ( esp. forbidden circulation shareholders ) and the managers, face with cheap equity financing cost, low efficient corporate governance structure and capital market
我國上市公司股權融資偏好在表面看來是一個有悖于發達國家資本市場一般規律的而發生於我國資本市場的一個奇特現象，但通過對其成因的探討后，我們發現股權融資偏好實際上是上市公司、股東或經理等行為主體，對其所面臨的環境約束的最優選擇和反應，是各種經濟主體在追求自己的利益最大化的情況下一個必然的博弈均衡。 -
Capital can spread out in dropping urgently amply low cost, this share is good
資金充足可以在急跌中攤低成本，這只股票不錯 -
After that the presentations and validity of long - term compensation mechanism were analyzed. long - term compensation incentive can reach low - cost incentive, achieve long - term development and strengthen bank human capital. but there also exists restrictive factors, which are as follows : salary system factor, unscientific achievement appraisal, governance structure factor, market non - full effective factor and laws and imperfect regulations system and so on
繼而闡述了我國商業銀行長期薪酬激勵現狀，並對其優勢進行分析，認為長期薪酬激勵可以實現低成本激勵、實現銀行長期發展、強化銀行人力資本;但是存在一些限制性因素，如薪酬制度自身因素、業績評價不科學因素、銀行治理結構因素、市場非充分有效因素、法規制度不完善因素等。 -
The last chapter comments on the “ chilean model ”. the author agrees on some successful facts in chilean pension reform, espiecally for the high investment return and the positive effects on the development of capital market as well as macro - economy brought forth by pension fund. however, there are still some difficulties and problems unsolved in chilean pension system, such as the low coverage of pension plan, high management cost, pension income gap, the fiscal burden and so on
同時，智利模式面臨的問題也是突出的:表現在參保率差，養老金收入分配差距擴大，針對低收入群體的財政支出負擔加重以及投資方面存在的成本負擔過重、市場監管過度等方面的問題上，這些問題的產生既有私營養老金體制自身的原因，也有經濟社會條件變化帶來的影響因素。 -
Protocol, so that they can maximize their costs ; on the other hand, it helps developing countries to gain capital and technique from developed countries by taking advantage of their low cost in ghg emission mitigation, thus enhancing their sustainable development. to the world as a whole, it reduces the total cost of ghg emission mitigation while every country endeavours to meet the same emission mitigation target. therefore, cdm is a win - win choice
一方面，對發達國家而言，給予其一些履約的靈活性，使其得以成本最有效的方式履行義務；另一方面，對發展中國家而言，協助其能夠利用減排成本低的優勢從發達國家獲得資金和技術，促進其可持續發展；對世界而言，可以使全球在實現相同減排目標的前提下，減少總的減排成本。 -
Considering the large amount of small and medium enterprises and limited capital, it ’ s the key to seek a simple, efficient and low - cost method, to share data between different systems, to enhance enterprise automation further and to improve efficiency and profit
在考慮到國內中小型企業較多、資金有限的情況下，尋求一種簡便、有效且廉價的途徑，實現各信息系統數據的共享交互，是企業進一步提高自動化程度，進而提高效率與效益的關鍵。 -
Low operating cost, quick return of capital investment
運行費用低，回收投資快。 -
The first channel is the capital market. being listed as emerging or over - the - counter stocks is the best way for these enterprises to obtain long - term and low - cost funds. even companies that are unable to publicly issue stocks can still avail themselves of funds through the issuance of company bonds
第一資本市場，興櫃及上櫃可視為中小企業取得長期低成本資金的最佳管道;除此之外，即使沒有公開發行能力的中小企業亦能在我國透過發行公司債來籌資。
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