lower band 中文意思是什麼
lower band
解釋
低頻帶下限-
In the early 1960s a worldwide aerosol band was discovered in the lower stratosphere at 17-24km.
在六十年代初期，在17-24公里平流層下部發現世界范圍氣溶膠帶。 -
The results indicate that a stable deformation localization band occurs in the coal cutting course and develops to macroscopic crack ; the deformation localization band is slantwise ; while the cutter tooth is used, the deformation localization develops slowly, and the localization becomes wider and the strain value in the band area higher afterwards ; when the point - attack pick used the localization develops quickly and the localization band becomes narrow and the strain value in the band lower
研究表明：截齒截割煤體過程中，煤體出現穩定的變形局部化帶，且最終發展為宏觀裂紋；煤體變形局部化帶為一個傾斜帶：刀齒截割時，變形局部化發展較慢，但產生變形局部化后，局部化帶寬且帶內應變值較高；而鎬齒截割時，變形局部化發展較快，但產生局部化后，局部化帶窄且帶內應變值不如刀齒高。 -
This effect is obvious at lower frequency band
這種效應在振動低頻區段更為顯著。 -
In compounds such as chorobenzene, brmobenzene and thiophenol the band lies close to the lower limit.
氯苯、溴苯和苯硫酚化合物的譜帶出現于低限附近。 -
With the aid of baffle movement, a technique named masking pretreatment and the method of vacuum deposition have been used to fabricate the ag - o - cs photoemissive thin films with internal field - assisted structure for the first time. the internal field - assisted photoemission characteristics of ag - o - cs thin films show that the photoelectric sensitivity is increased when the internal electric field is applied to the thin films, which indicates that the electric field has been effectively provided to the thin films by the above - mentioned internal field - assisted structure. such an enhanced photoemission is attributed to the variations in energy - band structure of ag - o - cs thin films, and which are considered to induce the lower - energy electrons to participate in the photoemission
通過掩膜預處理和擋板轉移技術的配合，利用真空沉積方法首次制備了內場助結構ag - o - cs光電發射薄膜。 ag - o - cs薄膜內場助光電發射特性測試結果表明，該方法能夠有效地實現ag - o - cs薄膜體內電場的加載與表面電極的引出，薄膜光電靈敏度隨內場偏壓的增大而上升。 ag - o - cs薄膜在內場作用下的光電發射增強現象與薄膜體內能帶結構變化低能電子參與光電發射等物理機制有關。 -
Moreover, the higher harmonic order is, the lower distinguishability, and, as a result, the assessment accuracy becomes bad. considered its prominent localization both in time - domain and in frequency - domain, wavelet is used to the field of assessing harmonic impedance for the first time. we choose chaari wavelet because of its special band frequency characteristic, which can stratify signals synchronously and locate the distortion time precisely in assessing harmonic impedance
選取chaari小波為母小波，利用其特殊的帶通特性，對在公共連接點（ pcc ）采樣得到的電壓，電流畸變波形進行同步分層， 「突出」信號的畸變部分，提高了被分析信號的「信噪比」 ，以利於諧波阻抗估計準確度的提高。 -
When x is above 1. 3 %, the emission spectra are strongly broadened and do not show any well - defined features, and their peak positions shift to lower energies correspondingly with increasing x. the large band - gap bowing of gap1 - xnx alloy is induced by the impurity band formation due to the intercenter interaction
對中心發光的nn3束縛激子的零聲子線及其聲子伴線，並得到了nn3的所有聲子伴線（ l0 、 la 、 ta ）的s因子在約20k卜50k范圍內與溫度的關系。 -
On the basis of uv - vis transmissive spectra, the sputtered films have absorption peaks toward longer wavelength, and the calculation shows the lower optical band gap
適當的摻雜量可以產生新的吸收峰，增加對長波段光的吸收，提高光催化效率。 -
The conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振 -
Abstract : the conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
文摘:常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振 -
According to negative temperature coefficient of vbe and positive temperature coefficient of vt, a framework of band - gap voltage reference is investigated. the reference offer a source of pir, distributed three voltage, one as upper - threshold voltage of dual - threshold comparator, the other as lower - threshold voltage of comparator, the other as direct current voltage for second band - pass filter amplifier
同時利用pnp晶體管發射結電壓的負溫度特性和發射結差值電壓的正溫度特性設計了一個帶隙基準電壓源。此帶隙基準電壓源本身作為熱釋電紅外傳感器的電源電壓，同時分壓提供雙限電壓比較器的上限電平和下限電平以及第二級帶通濾波放大器的直流電平。 -
We have designed a new type of ijf code to reduce the envelope fluctuation, and have also got the reduced envelope fluctuation ijf - oqpsk. it has faster roll off of the power spectrum and lower energy of band out
本文設計了一種能夠抑制包絡起伏型的ijf信號碼型，並相應地得到了抑制包絡起伏型的ijf ? oqpsk ，它具有更快的功率譜滾降特性和更好的相位路徑。 -
Fem and bem is very adapted to predict the noise level in lower frequency, but they need to describe the geometry of structure detailedly which is wasting - time for many modes in system and high frequency, wide band and random variable
有限單元方法和邊界單元方法可以較好地預示低頻環境噪聲，但需要較為詳細地描述結構的幾何特性。對于時間上是隨機的寬帶高頻分量，結構中存在大量模態的情況有時是費時的。 -
The millimeter has the largest frequency band and the highest velocity of communication, but it has the highest cost and technical defaults : multi - path effect, reflect and scatter caused by cloud, smoke, water - dropping, the buildings, the grounds and its shape, the interference caus ed by the thunder, the complexity of device, difficult maintenance, and so on. now the band of the leakage coaxial line is up to 3ghz, leakage coaxial line has some advantages : good adaptability to cloud, smoke, water - dropping, the buildings, the grounds and its shapes, good steady field, it has some technical defaults : lower resolution for location and measuring velocity, the more complex of its sending - receiving relay devices, weak anti - interference, the strict demand for the hole size in the line, the cleaner work environment and the higher cost
毫米波具有最大的帶寬和最高的通信速率，但也有最高的成本要求和較難克服的技術問題，即傳播的多徑效應，降水、雲霧、地形、地貌、建築物等的反射散射，打雷時的嚴重干擾，設備復雜，維護困難等等；泄漏同軸電纜的帶寬目前已做到3ghz ，具有對地形地貌建築物的適應性強，場強穩定，但它的定位測速精度低，它的收發中繼設備較復雜，抗干擾能力低，電纜上的開槽有著嚴格的尺寸要求，工作環境要求清潔，成本較高；傳統無線感應技術具有結構簡單，成本低廉，維護方便，定位精度較高的優點，但是，它沒有抗干擾能力。 -
If this paper also studies the band percolation of the models of the triangle lattice and the hexagonal lattice when p = pc and p > pc. such as the estimation of power of, x and xf and their upper and lower bound
本文還研究了正三角形和正六邊形滲流在臨界點處（ p pc ）和上臨界狀態（屍屍的滲流。特別考慮關於0 ， x和冪指數的估計，並且給出了估計的上下界。 -
Frequency source is widely used in today ' s electronic equipment and even refered as " a heart " of many electronic systems. the frequency synthesizer with a lot of channels and high frequency stability by means of theory of phase locking has almost been a necessary component in the modern electronic systems such as telecommunication, radar and electronic countermeasure. the phase - locked frequency synthesizer can be generally divided into two kinds : one is digital phase locked frequency synthesizer, the other is analog sampling phase locked frequency synthesizer. compared with the prior, the latter has many merits such as lower phase noise, samller volume, lighter weight and lower power consumption and has a wide foreground in the equipments of microwave band
利用鎖相原理來獲得波道數目眾多、頻率穩定度很高的頻率合成器，幾乎已成為現代通信、雷達和電子對抗等電子系統不可缺少的組成部分。鎖相式頻率合成器一般分為數字鎖相頻率合成器和模擬取樣鎖相頻率合成器兩類。取樣鎖相頻率合成器與數字鎖相頻率合成器相比，具有相位噪聲低、體積小、重量輕和功耗低等優點，尤其在微波波段的電子設備中，具有廣闊的應用前景。 -
Moreover, it was found that the microstructure and physical properties of dlc film were affected to some extent by the distance between target and substrate. when the distance between target and substrate increases, sp 3c content in the deposited dlc film decreases. accordingly, the value of surface roughness, microhardness, friction coefficient, residual stress and band gap became lower in the same way
此外，靶基距對dlc薄膜的結構和性能也有一定的影響，隨著靶基距增加， dlc薄膜中的sp ~ 3c含量減少， dlc薄膜的表面粗糙度降低，顯微硬度降低，摩擦系數減小，殘余應力減小，光學帶隙eg減小。 -
The lower - band spectrum caused by unbalancing rotor and eccentric error of primary axes is analysised firstly. the vibration of basic factors and its features caused by the basic member are discussed, such as turbo - propellers, planetary - reducer and bearings
首先分析系統中由於主轉子動靜不平衡、主軸不對中而激發低頻諧波成分的現象，而後討論螺旋槳、行星減速器及軸承的振動故障機理以及整機振動綜合分析方法。 -
Three salary bands, equivalent to the dollar terms of below mps point 10 lower band, mps points 10 - 33 middle band, and above mps point 33 - gds point 38 upper band, are used
相等於總薪級表第10點至33點所定金額的中層薪金級別，以及相等於超過總薪級表第33 -
The c of i submitted an interim report in november 1988 and a final report in march 1989 noting that the 1986 pay level survey did not provide a sufficient basis for making specific adjustments to civil service pay, and recommending that a revised formula should be used for future net pay trend indicators and adjustment for the lower band should be brought up to the level of the middle band should the former be lower
調查委員會先後在一九八八年十一月及一九八九年三月提交中期及最後報告，指出一九八六年薪酬水平調查結果，並未為薪酬的具體調整幅度提供有力依據。委員會並建議，日後計算薪酬趨勢凈指標時，應改用一個經修訂的公式，而低層薪金級別的調整額如果比中層薪金級別低，就應調高至同一水平。
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