lower scale 中文意思是什麼

After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。

Abstract : a cad tool based on a group of efficient algorithms to verify, design, and optimize power / ground networks for standard cell model is presented. nonlinear programming techniques, branch and bound algorithms and incomplete cholesky decomposition conjugate gradient method ( iccg ) are the three main parts of our work. users can choose nonlinear programming method or branch and bound algorithm to satisfy their different requirements of precision and speed. the experimental results prove that the algorithms can run very fast with lower wiring resources consumption. as a result, the cad tool based on these algorithms is able to cope with large - scale circuits

文摘:介紹了一個基於標準單元布圖模式的電源線/地線網路的輔助設計集成工具.它應用了一系列高效的演算法，為用戶提供了電源線/地線網路的設計、優化和驗證的功能.非線性優化技術、分枝定界演算法和不完全喬萊斯基分解的預優共軛梯度法是該工作的三個主體部分.用戶可以選擇使用非線性規劃的方法或者幾種分枝定界方法來滿足他們對于精度和速度方面的不同需求.實驗結果表明，文中所提供的演算法可以在很快的運行速度下實現更低的布線資源佔用.因此，在這些有效演算法基礎上實現的輔助設計工具具有處理大規模電路的能力

The efficiency of making use of economic resources in china is low, and one of the most important reasons about economic performance is that the national industry exists many defects, such as the low economic level of scale, the whole character of business enterprise not getting to increase with product construction over a long period of time, the small business enterprise increasing blindly, which causes the bargain of times increase and the trade expenses rise unduly, the lower degree of profession and cooperation, many more types of business enterprises, but lack of cooperation with the related and large business enterprises in the production, operation etc, so being difficult to take advantage of and share economy scale with big business enterprise ; the bad market performance and so on

中國經濟發展中資源利用效率低，而經濟效益低下的一個重要原因是國有工業發展中存在許多缺陷:規模經濟水平不高，企業整體素質和產品結構長期得不到提高，小企業盲目增加，導致交易次數不適當地增多，交易費用上升;生產專業化協作程度較低， 「大而全」 、 「小而全」的全能型企業大量存在，但缺乏與相關大型骨幹企業在生產、經營等方面的協作，難以分享大企業規模經濟的好處;市場運作績效差等。

The lower strata of the middle class - - the small tradespeople, shopkeepers, retired tradesmen generally, the handicraftsmen and peasants - - all these sink gradually into the proletariat, partly because their diminutive capital does not suffice for the scale on which modern industry is carried on, and is swamped in the competition with the large capitalists, partly because their specialized skill is rendered worthless by the new methods of production

以前的中間等級的下層，即小工業家、小商人和小食利者，手工業者和農民- - - -所有這些階級都降落到無產階級的隊伍里來了，有的是因為他們的小資本不足以經營大工業，經不起較大資本家的競爭；有的是因為他們的手藝已經被新的生產方法弄得不值錢了。

Furthermore, sorting of the sandstones in the braided river is better compared with that of in the meandering river system. in the same subfacies, grain size is larger and sorting is better in the channel sandstones which developed with large - scale cross - beddings such as trough cross - bedding, compared with sandstones in the flood microfacies. in the same microfacies, better sorting and coarser grained sandstones are distributed in the middle and lower part of the unit

與曲流河亞相相比，辮狀河亞相砂巖的粒度較粗，分選性較好，砂體多次疊置而規模更大；相同河流亞相的河道微相與泛濫平原微相相比，前者的砂巖粒度較粗、分選性較好，發育槽狀交錯層理等大型層理構造；在同一微相內，處于中下部的流體單元其粒度較粗，分選較好。

The concerned theories and methods about population and carrying capacity are used in this dissertation to illuminate the intension and extension about population carrying capacity in state - owned forest region, to analyze the status quo and to calculate the level of population carrying capacity in heilongjiang forest industry zone. combined the current circumstances of heillongjiang forest industry zone, the dissertation puts forward the conclusion that the population carrying capacity in heilongjiang forest industry zone is much lower than that of economic scale in existence, and educes the problems that overload of population causes the reduction of resource, depravation of environment, inconvenient of economy and lower living standard, expense of future interest, etc. therefor these problems inevitably result in a marked drop in population carrying capacity

林區人口承載力研究是林區經濟可持續發展研究的一個重要方面，本論文利用人口學的有關理論及承載力方面的理論與研究方法，界定林區人口承載力的內涵與外延，分析黑龍江省國有林區人口承載力的現狀，計算黑龍江省國有林區人口承載力水平，得出現階段黑龍江省國有林區人口數量超過了林區人口承載力，超載部分是靠犧牲未來的利益以及降低生活水平來養活的。

The radical reason of lower ecosystem productivity and disharmonic developing in this ecotone is the improper configuration inner animal husbandry for example of ansai county and big animal scale exceeding the threshold of the primary productivity for example of wuchuan county, which above - mentioned leads to the fact that coupling mechanism between agriculture and animal husbandry system has not been established, and agriculture and animal husbandry is still in the state of disharmonic on the whole. 3

主要表現為兩種典型結構模式，一種以安塞縣為代表，農牧能值總體利用率較高，但畜牧業內部結構偏重食糧動物使得高質能轉化率低下；另一種以武川縣為代表，農牧業結構總體上朝趨于協調方向發展，但畜牧業規模過大，由於草畜平衡嚴重失調，導致農牧系統耦合機制難以穩定。

The filter firewall researched on this paper has many advantages, such as simple structure, strong focalization and lower expense and so on. it can provides theoretical basis and reference on constructing and maintaining a small - scale network

本論文設計的包過濾防火墻體系兼結構簡單、針對性強、投入費用少等特點，同時為中小型企業構建和維護防火墻提供了相關的理論依據和參考。

In 10 years, it will rise to about $ 27, which will remain at the lower end of the global scale amongst developed economies and represent extraordinarily good value for money

排污費在十年後會調整至大約二十七元，相對世界各地經濟發達的地區，收費仍屬于低水平，極具成本效益。

According to the type and scale of stratigraphic contact, four synthems such as basement ( pre - sinian ), lower ( palaeozoic ), middle ( mesozoic ) and upper ( cenozoic ) are divided, and seven sub - synthems are subdivided

本文依據地層接觸關系的類型和規模，將本區劃分為基巖（前震旦系） 、下（古生界） 、中（中生界） 、上（新生界）四個構造層和內部的七個構造亞層。

It is clearly a much lower - risk project than the grenade launcher and is already close to maturity ; plans to carry out large - scale troop trials have been drawn up

事實表明與榴彈發射器相比它是一個低風險的項目並已接近成熟；進行大規模部隊試用的計劃已經制定。

By using ncep / ncar reanalysis data of height and wind, the inter - monthly lpac map, the climate lapc map, inter - annual anomaly map and mean variance map of monthly wind field of 850 and 500hpa and monthly height field of 850, 500, 150, 30hpa are calculated in a globe - belt area, which situates between 30 s and 75 n, from december 1957 to december 1997, according them we analysis the rule of the season transfer and anomaly of nh mean circulation. the results show that the climate map of lapc can describe the seasonal transfer process of large scale circulation better. the advance process of summer circulation establish is form south to north at the middle and lower level of the troposphere, that is reflected primly in the inter - monthly wind and pressure map of lapc ; at lower lever of stratosphere, the establish process is simulate to that of troposphere, and reflect of process of that the south asia high toward plateau ; at middle stratosphere the summer circulation establish begins at middle and high latitude initially, and then transmits to low latitude gradually, while the seasonal variability in mid - stratosphere is stronger than it in troposphere and low - stratosphere

利用ncep ncar再分析高度場和風場資料，計算了30 s 75 n球帶區域1957年12月至1997年12月逐月850 、 500hpa風場及850 、 500 、 150 、 30hpa高度場月際局地型相似系數圖、多年平均圖（即氣候lpac圖） 、年際異常圖及均方差圖，在此基礎上，分析了北半球平均環流季節轉換及其異常的規律。分析表明，氣候局地型相似系數圖較好地給出了大尺度環流季節轉換發生的過程：在對流層中、下部，風、壓場月際局地型相似系數圖清楚地反映了夏季型環流建立由南向北的推進過程；低平流層夏季型環流的建立與對流層接近，其中，南亞高壓上高原過程有明顯反映：中平流層，夏季型環流的建立明顯表現為從中、高緯度開始，逐步向低緯傳播的特徵，且變化較對流層和低平流層明顯。

By contrast, a substantially lower investment through the compensation scheme in order to create no - take zones in the north - eastern waters would create a natural underwater parkland of unprecedented magnificence and scale, attracting thousands of local and international visitors and providing the foundation of profitable businesses and employment. it is also noted that the government has so far spent over hk 100 million on its artificial reef programme, whose benefits have been questioned by both the fishing industry and conservationists

相反，于東北水域設立禁捕區，只需較少的投資如通過補償計劃，便可建立一個面積大的天然海底公園，定能吸引數以千計的本地及外國遊客，對本港商業及就業市場都會帶來好處目前港府於人造漁礁計劃中已投資了億港元，漁民團體及環保組織均質疑有關項目的成效。

The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th, june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa, subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average, this is the rainy season for the south of china, but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability, but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain

作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，並討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： （ 1 ） 「 02 . 6 」強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣於6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； （ 2 ） 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利於本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； （ 3 ）偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； （ 4 ）整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分佈，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。

The above analysis showed that this heavy rainfall event took on obvious meso - scale characters and was the combination of the three flows, so we can deduce : ( 1 ) surface southeasterly wind and topography may play the main role in this event ; ( 2 ) the easterly cold air rushing into the southern shaanxi province in the lower troposphere was strongly relative to the form of surface cold - front type of occlusion ; ( 3 ) there were two reasons for the secondary circulation ' s strengthen in the evening, one was the effect of a mountain - valley wind and the other may be latent heat leading to ascending motion ; ( 4 ) the shape of potential instability stratification corresponded well with the development of the warm - moisture advection ; and ( 5 ) the vapor providing essential thermodynamics was transported by a southwesterly low - level jet from the bay of bengal and the south china sea. furthermore, with the effect of terrain, the southern shaanxi province became the center of this extremely heavy rain process

中尺度結構分析表明，本次暴雨具有明顯的中尺度特徵，是由三支氣流共同作用的結果，分析發現（ 1 ）地面東南風和地形在這次大暴雨過程起主要作用； （ 2 ）東路冷空氣主要是通過中低層侵入陜南地區的，並與地面冷式錮囚鋒的形成密不可分； （ 3 ）夜博士論文:中尺度地形對陜南暴雨的影響研究間垂直次級環流發展加強可能有兩個原因，一個是由於地形山谷風的作用，另一個是降水的潛熱釋放激發了上升運動: （ 4 ）位勢不穩定層結的形成與低層暖濕平流的發展有很好的對應關系; （ 5 ）本次暴雨的水汽主要靠偏南風急流將孟加拉灣和中國南海的水汽輸送至西北地區東部，為暴雨的發生提供了必要熱力條件。

Small firms cannot reap economies of scale or exploit the latest technology, and so suffer from lower productivity than big firms

小型公司不能達到經濟規模，或者採用最新技術，而這也使小型公司的生產率比大公司要低。

But from 1995, suffered from unmarketable of silk in word market and the production scale becoming too large, have made the supply of cocoon more than the needs. accordingly the purchasing price has go down, while the production cost has gone up with the price going up and devotion increasing of rearing tools, drugs of silkworm and fertilizer, so the earning for rearing silkworm gets lower, and the positivity of production has been defeated

但從1995年以來，由於受世界絲綢消費不景氣和前些年國內「蠶繭大戰」使生產規模盲目擴大的雙重影響，造成市場上蠶繭供過于求，蠶繭收購價格下跌，而蠶繭生產成本卻呈增長趨勢，更使蠶農養蠶收益下降，生產積極性受挫，蠶繭生產出現歷史上少有的滑坡現象。

In the third part, the tdr index is adjusted with three influencing factors : economic scale, trade form and exchange rate. after international comparison, the calculated practical tod based on adjusted tdr is found much lower than developed countries and even some developing countries, illustrating china ' s foreign trade opening is actually a

第三部分我們考慮了三個影響外貿依存度指標的主要因素：經濟規模，貿易形式和匯率，根據這三個影，構因素對外貿依存度指標? ?一進行了調整，經過調整指標后計算出的實際貿易刀』放度在國際比較中大大低於發達國家和一些發展中國家，說明了我國對外貿易開放的實際水平還很低。

The empirical results show that the banks with larger scale tend to have lower prime rates and that bank capital costs and operating expenses have positive effects on the prime rate pricing

實證結果發現，銀行資金成本及營業費用對基本放款利率有正向影響，而規模愈大的銀行則會有較低的基本放款利率。

Although the image ' s modulus maximums have been greatly compressed, but they still contain the redundant data, which is the information used in lower - scale modulus images has been used in higher - scale modulus images

但是經過小波模極大值變換后得到的模圖像信息雖然得到了壓縮，但仍存在冗餘，即低解析度上使用過的信息在高解析度下重復使用。