maintenance expenditure 中文意思是什麼

maintenance expenditure 解釋
維修費用
  • maintenance : n. 1. 保持，維持，保養；保管，保存，維護，維修；繼續；支持的手段。2. 堅持；主張；擁護，支持。3. 扶養，供給；生活，生計。4. 【法律】對訴訟一方的非法援助；依法應負的對他人的贍養義務。
  • expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
  1. Abstract : physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance

    文摘:身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配
  2. Physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance

    身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配
  3. Compared with the nuclear - powered submarine, conventional submarine has standout merits of simple structure, lower expenditure of manufacture and maintenance. but some fatal failings such as high exposure probability and low durability also exist

    與核動力潛艇相比，常規潛艇具有結構簡單，造價及維護費用低等突出優點，但也存在著易暴露目標和自持能力有限等致命弱點。
  4. China ' s expenditure on national defense falls into the following categories : personnel expenses, mainly including pay, food and clothing of military and non - military personnel ; costs for maintenance of activities, mainly including military training, construction and maintenance of facilities and running expenses ; and costs for equipment, including research and experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage

    按支出項目分，中國國防費包括：人員生活費，主要用於軍官、士兵、文職幹部和職工的工資、伙食、服裝等；活動維持費，主要用於部隊訓練、工程設施建設及維護和日常消耗性支出；裝備費，主要用於武器裝備的科研、試驗、采購、維修、運輸和儲存等。
  5. From 1992 to 2000, while the elasticity of the country ' s administrative expenditure and of the sampled provinces is larger than 1 in 6 years, the elasticity of the nonprofit institution maintenance expenditure is larger than 1 in 2 years of the whole country, and in 4 years of the sampled provinces ; ( 5 ) the local fiscal expenditure structures are differentiated among the different regions, with the characteristic of the different local fiscal expenditure quotas per capita ; ( 6 ) the supply mechanism of the local finances is out of performance, and the resource allocation function of the local finances is obscure, with the functional scope and expenditure responsibility not adapted to the market economy ; ( 7 ) the problems of local public finance sustaining agriculture investment are as follows : first, the gross of the fund that local public finance sustaining agriculture is shortage

    1992 ? 2000年，全國地方財政行政管理費（含公檢法支出）支出彈性， 9年的數值有6年在1以上；樣本省區9年的平均數值有6年在1以上。全國地方財政各類事業費支出彈性， 9年的數值僅有2年在1以上；樣本省區9年的平均數值有4年在1以上。 （ 5 ）不同地區財政支出結構差異大，主要表現在地方財政支出水平在不5 、論文針對實現地方對政支出結構持續優化的預期目標的需要，系統地研究提出了適宜的政策措施『所提出的政策措施主要是: （ 1 ）轉換政府職能，調整地方財政使用方向。
  6. The average nonprofit institution maintenance expenditure as the whole fiscal expenditures during these ten years is 35 % or so, the highest is 37. 10 % in 1994, the lowest is 30. 64 % in 2000, and of the sampled provinces is 30 % or so, the highest is 35. 59 % in 1994, the lowest is 27. 70 % in 1996 ; ( 3 ) the administrative expenditure is also growing fist the average administrative expenditure as the whole fiscal expenditures during these ten years is 15 % or so, the highest is 16. 75 % in 1996, the lowest is 13. 62 % in 1991, and of the sampled provinces is 16 % or so ; ( 4 ) the elasticity of the nonprofit institution maintenance expenditure is smaller man that of the administrative expenditure

    同期全國地方財政用於各類事業費的支出佔比高達35左右，最高的是1994年佔比37 . 14 ，最低的是2000年佔比30 . 64 ；樣本省區各類事業費的支出佔比在30左右，最高的是1994年佔比35 . 59 ，最低的是1996年佔比27 . 75 。 （ 3 ）行政經費增長迅速。同期全國地方財政用於行政管理費加公檢法支出的合計佔比在15左右，最高的是1996年佔比16 . 75 ，最低的是1991年佔比13 . 62 ，年均增速達15 . 72 ，高於財政支出年均增速13 . 40的水平；樣本省區公檢法支出加行政管理費的支出佔比在16左右，最高的是2000年佔比17 . 64 ，最低的是1991年佔比12 . 97 。
  7. In the construction industry there has always been a mismatch between the research investment and construction expenditure and this has lead the industry to proceed on a scale with an inadequate understanding of many aspects of construction, such as, deterioration mechanism for structures that has often meant that due allowance has not been made for practical repair and maintenance. however, notwithstanding this situation there have been encouraging signs that within the last twenty years the transition from the conventional materials to the more advanced materials is being spear - headed by the construction industry where over 30 of all polymers produced are now utilised in that industry

    水工建築物是社會各建築群體中的一類，是所在地環境的一個有機組成部分，隨著經濟社會的發展，水工建築物的外觀越來越受到重視.水工建築物的外觀質量控制主要在設計與施工兩個環節.外觀設計的質量表現在建築物滿足運行功能要求的情況下，既方便施工，又具有特色.施工的質量表現在建築物的實施效果.常見的外觀質量缺隙主要有蜂窩麻面、色澤不一、氣泡偏多、表面平整度差等，應從施工工藝、建築材料的質量等方面加以控制
  8. Of the maintenance projects undertaken by the government in various fishermen villages in the past five years, and the total expenditure incurred in this regard ; and

    過去5年，政府在各條漁民村曾進行甚麼維修工程，以及有關的開支總額及
  9. The expenditure of the local governments includes mainly the administrative expenses and various operating expenses at the level of local governments, expenditure for supporting rural production, expenditure for city maintenance and construction and expenditure for price subsidies, etc

    地方財政支出主要包括地方行政管理和各項事業費，地方統籌的基本建設、技術改造支出，支援農村生產支出，城市維護和建設經費，價格補貼支出等。
  10. Operating expenses are the net recurrent expenditure on property administration and maintenance incurred by the hkstpc after deducting income from management fees

    營運開支是指扣除管理費收入后香港科技園公司在物業營運及保養的凈經常支出。
  11. Since the distributor is an independent contractor, he assumes far more risks and obligations than an agent does : bad debts, advertising expenditure, warranty claims and maintenance, etc

    由於經銷商是個獨立的承包人，他承擔的風險和責任比代理商要大得多：壞帳、廣告費、保修和維修等等。
  12. In 2000, the total expenditure on building projects undertaken by the department was $ 12. 56 billion, with a further $ 2. 33 billion being spent on routine maintenance and minor alteration works

    年內由建築署執行的新建工程項目開支達125 . 6億元，定期維修及小型改建工程的開支則為23 . 3億元。
  13. Based on the complementarity between government spending and private consumption, this paper stresses three aspects government spending should lean to. i. e. investment in rural infrastructure, payment for merit goods like education and health, and expenditure on social securities and income maintenance, so that private consumption can grow rapidly and the driving force of economic growth can transform form investment demand and external demand to internal demand, especially private consumption

    摘要本文主要從政府支出與居民消費的互補性關系出發，提出政府支出結構調整的三個主要方面，即加大農村基礎設施的投資、加大教育和健康服務等優效品的支付以及加大社會保障和收入支持的支出，以此促進居民消費快速增長，推動經濟增長由主要依靠投資和出口拉動向主要依靠內需特別是消費拉動轉變。
  14. Abstract : the paper establishes a model of maintenance expenditure by using regressive relation between pavement condition index ( pci ) and pavement maintenance expenditure. the model is applied for ordering shen - da freeway ' s pavement maintenance which provides a deciding condition for pavement maintenance

    文摘:利用高等級公路路面狀況指數pci與路面養護費用之間的回歸關系，建立路面養護費用模型，並把它應用於沈陽至大連高速公路路面養護排序，為路面養護科學決策創造了條件
  15. The department s annual expenditure for the financial year 2005 06 was hk 7, 986 million, of which hk 799 million was for road and public lighting maintenance and hk 7, 187 million for major highway construction. the budget for the 2006 07 financial year is hk 6, 030 million

    路政署在截至二零零五至二零零六年財政年度共動用79 . 86億元公共開支，其中有7 . 99億元是用於道路及路燈維修工程， 71 . 87億元則用於各項主要道路興建工程。
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