marginal advantage 中文意思是什麼
marginal advantage
解釋
邊際利潤-
And some experts even believe, the trend in the development of the iax system was, for quite some time, towards keeping high statutory tax rates, but simultaneously provide generous tax incentives tha t reduced the tax base. the basic asymmetry of tax system may favor large concerns, which may be in a better position to take advantage of the provisions in the tax code in certain states of nature. the result may be lower expected average and marginal tax rates, and a lower cost of capital, compared to newer and smaller companies
更有學者認為，在以往很長一段時間里，稅制的發展趨勢是高法定稅率，同時附加大量稅收激勵來縮小稅基，稅制的這種基本不對稱性對大公司有利，可以面對低預計平均和邊際稅率以及低資本成本，然而大公司基於其擴張性的組織結構，與富有彈性的內容提要小公司相比，它轉變供求狀況的適應能力相對遲緩，那麼偏祖于大公司的稅收政策可能會阻礙宏觀經濟增長率和結構調整。 -
In management practice, many experts made a lot of research on material motivation means, which can be measured. with this study advantage, it has formed a perfect, structural system, and, it also develops in the new era, for example, the stock - share motivation etc. comparatively speaking, there are less research on the immaterial motivation, let alone to form a perfect, systematic structure. research on the immaterial motivation should be put on the agenda as the richening of material situation, the rising in management cost as well as the decreasing of marginal effect in material motivation
在管理實踐中，激勵研究較多的、較為完善的是物質激勵手段，物質激勵以其可量化的研究優勢已經形成了一個較為完善的結構體系，而且在新時期也有所發展，如股權激勵等；而相對來講對于精神激勵，研究是較少的，也還沒有從激勵應用的角度形成一個比較完善的、系統的研究結構；但隨著物質條件的豐富、管理成本的上升以及物質激勵邊際效應的下降，對于精神激勵研究也必將提上日程。 -
England ' s relatively marginal climate for grape growing is a positive advantage for makers of sparkling wine, a product that can be difficult to make in many warmer new world wine regions
英格蘭相對邊緣的氣候，對起泡葡萄酒釀造商而言是種植葡萄的有利條件，在許多較熱的美洲葡萄酒產區，起泡葡萄酒就難以釀造。 -
( 3 ) analysis the influences to the technological innovation patterns of dg tncs by four industrial types ( resource industry, compare advantage industry, marginal industry i and marginal industry ii ). and make the empiricism research of chinese home appliance market. ( 4 ) have put forward the technological innovation models of " technological & marketing coupling model ", " backward integrated model ", " systems integration & networking model " of dg tncs. ( 5 ) distinguish the specific learning way of dg tncs technological innovation management, and analyze the innovation learning effect of developing country, developed countries and china tncs with dea. ( 6 ) point out the problems of chinese transnational corporation technological innovation pattern, and give out the countermeasure and suggestions
論文的主要創新點包括： （ 1 ）根據影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的主導因素，從國家、產業、企業層面分析發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式； （ 2 ）提出影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的in ? ir框架，總結了工n一1r框架下發展中國家跨國公司技術創新的部分特徵; （ 3 ）分析資源產業、比較優勢產業、邊際產業i和邊際產業h四類產業影響下的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式，並結合中國家電業的現實作實證分析; （ 4 ）提出了「基於技術、市場作用」的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模型、發展中國家跨國公司「倒一體化」創新模式和發展中國家跨國公司的系統集成網路創新模式; （ 5 ）區分發展中國家跨國公司技術創新管理的各種「學習」方式，運用數據包絡分析等方法比較分析發達國家、發展中國家和中國的跨國公司技術創新學習的效果和特點; （ 6 ）指出我國跨國公司建立技術創新模式過程中出現的問題，並提出對策和建議。 -
Since the 1960s, there appeared some important theories such as theory of monopoly advantage ( s. hymer, 1960 ), theory of product life cycle ( r. vernon ), theory of internalization ( p. j. buckley & m. casson ), theory of marginal industrial expansion ( k. kojima, 1978 ) and o - l - c theory ( j. h. dunning, 1976 )
1960年後，相繼出現了海默的壟斷優勢理論、維農的產品生命周期理論、巴克利和卡森的內部化理論、小島清的邊際產業擴張論以及鄧寧的折衷理論。
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