market failure 中文意思是什麼
market failure
解釋
市場不靈指價格體系的不完備性，它阻礙資源的有效配置。主要表現為外部性和不完全競爭。
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This is an excellent example of implicit market failure.
這是隱含的市場失靈的一個極好例子。 -
In practice there are four major institutional deficiencies in financial support of " agriculture, countryside and farmers " : 1 ) extreme difficulties in policy - related finance ; 2 ) market failure in commercial finance ; 3 ) sluggish development in cooperative finance ; 4 ) de - standardization in the growth of non - regular finance
現實層面中金融支農存在著四大制度缺陷：政策性金融步履維艱、商業性金融市場失靈、合作性金融發展遲滯、非正規金融發育失范。 -
The author concludes that the natural resources market web cycle, “ prisoner dilemma ” in pollution game, asymmetry between economic scarcity and ecological scarcity, and the time lag effect of externality are the deep reasons of the natural resource market failure
提出自然資源市場的蛛網周期、污染博弈的囚徒困境、經濟稀缺與生態稀缺的不對稱以及外部性的時滯效應是自然資源市場失靈的深層原因。 -
The fallacy of composition is a kind of " macro - market failure ", so the stabilization policy should be chosen by the state. also, the paper analyzed the economic bodies " responses and the state ' s behaviors in the deflationary environment, and studied the price fluctuations in the money angle, and finally summarized the causes of the deflation in our country, pointing out that over - investment is the main factor. several suggestions about setting up some institutional and physical infrastructure facilities are brought forward in the end
本文所做的工作還包括對通貨緊縮環境中微觀經濟主體的反應以及政府（央行）的行為進行了分析，並從貨幣角度對物價變動和通貨緊縮的形成作了探討，最後對我國通貨緊縮形成的原因進行了總結，認為90年代初期以來過度投資造成的生產能力相對過剩是引起我國通貨緊縮的主要原因，而抑制高通脹的「雙緊」政策、亞洲金融危機的沖擊以及國內一系列重大改革措施的負面影響等原因，則在一定程度上提前、加劇或延長了我國的通貨緊縮。 -
The thesis is developed as follows : from the analysis of market failure theory, government failure theory and some theories related to non - profit organizations, the thesis demonstrates that the market is the major force of resource deployment in the service provision to sme in free market economics while government and non - profit organizations are two other indispensable forces. meanwhile, the thesis points out the selection of alternative service providers under several typical market failures
論文具體論述思路如下：首先從市場失靈、政府失靈以及同非營利組織相關的理論出發，說明在市場經濟條件下，在中小企業服務供給中，市場是資源配置的主體，但是政府和非營利組織同樣是不可或缺的兩個主體構成，同時指出在市場失靈的幾種典型的情況下，服務供給的有效替代主體選擇。 -
This article composes of seven chapters : chapter 1, theories and trends of m & a, introduces different definitions, the types of m & a and different western m & a theories, such as efficiency theory, information and signal theory, principle - agent issues and managerialism theory, market power theory, tax consideration theory, government interference theory and market failure theory etc. some revelations are put forward after introducing the trend of m & a of the foreign companies
第一章在闡述並購的各種解釋，總結並購的類型基礎上，對于西方學者提出的各種並購理論進行了歸納，如效率理論、信息與信號理論、代理問題與管理主義理論、市場勢力理論、賦稅考慮理論、政府干預理論、市場缺陷論等。在第一章中，筆者還總結了國外企業並購的動向，針對國外企業並購發展提出了幾點啟示。 -
If market failure and inefficiency still exist after regulation, government should loose regulation or implement more strict regulation
如果規制實施后，仍存在市場失靈並導致效率的損失，則需要分析是需要進一步加強規制還是因為規制過度需要放鬆規制。 -
Aea has double function. in positive aspect, it can resolve the " market failure " problem arising from market defection. in negative aspect, it can develop " government failure " problem resulting from abuse of power
積極作用方面，作為行政管理手段之一，可以解決由於市場的缺陷導致的「市場失靈」問題；消極作用方面，作為行政權的行使方式之一，容易濫用，在干預經濟生活時產生「政府失敗」問題。 -
In general, there are two perspectives explain the deficiency of china ' s financial system : " the perspective of government failure " argues that the deficiency was caused by government intervention and the " the perspective of market failure " contends that the deficiency was a result of the absence of government supervision after rapid marketization
說本文整理分類的結果發現，當前對于中國大陸金融體系資金配置效率低落的解釋可概括地分為兩類：一是政府失敗說，認為金融體系的效率低落是政府干預過多所致；一是市場失敗說，認為中國當前金融問題是市場化速度過快，政府監管不夠所致。 -
This thesis explores form the insert of " market failure " and " governmental failure "
本文以「市場失靈」和「政府失靈」為切入點，從而選擇一個新角度開展探討。 -
It is generally believed that competitive equilibrium model describes definitely the operation of market economy and the fields of government micro - economic intervention are those of market failure, i. e. the " gap zone " between real market and pareto optimality
一般認為，競爭性均衡模型基本上準確地描述了市場經濟的運行，在此基礎上，微觀經濟干預的領域是所謂的市場失靈的領域，即現實市場與資源配置的帕累托最優之間的「落差地帶」 。 -
That ’ s because since 20 c 70 ’ s, many welfare states in western were faced with management crisis : there was “ government failure ” get along with “ market failure ”. moreover, governance brought forward a new view : let government, market and citizen society combine together to manage public administration. this way can be said the third way except government and market, and it cater for the requirement of western countries ’ reform
之所以出現這種局面，是因為20世紀七、八十年代，西方福利國家普遍面臨社會管理危機，政府失靈與市場失靈並存，而「治理」理論所提出的政府與市場、公民社會協同管理公共事務的觀點，為西方改革指明了除政府與市場之外的第三條道路，迎合了西方國家的改革需求。 -
In a word, countrymen associations can solve many problems of government failure and market failure and at the same time can make the government functions shifted and market economics developing
要言之，農民協會可以解決政府失靈和市場失靈的許多問題，同時，還將推動政府職能轉變和市場經濟的健康發展。 -
3. industrial clusters and organizational innovation as well as its governance as a form of organizational innovation, industrial cluster is a remedy for enterprise and market failure
3產業集群與組織創新及治理。產業集群作為組織創新形式是對企業和市場失靈的彌補，產業集群實現了集群中資源最優配置和經濟活動協調。 -
He still insists that the foundation ' s massive spending on malaria research is a classic case of a near - monopoly leading to market failure : in this case, a market in medical prowess
他仍堅稱蓋茨基金會在瘧疾研究上的大量投資是導致市場失靈（此處即是醫療技術市場）的一種近乎壟斷的典型實例。 -
It suggests that government should provide direct support for investors, use standards based on the features of technological innovation instead of the features of enterprises, and induce competition among investors. these measures not only avoid " market failure ", but also ensure the justice and effectiveness of government support, then prevent " government failure ". in addition, theses measures could induce enterprises to combine the actions and diffusion of techno logical innovation, and balance the short - term and the long - term benefits of enterprises
按照本文研究提出的方式對首創者進行直接支持，通過制定政府支持的創新特性標準，取代以往對技術創新支持的企業特性標準，引入對首創者選擇的競爭機制，既可以彌補企業技術創新的「市場失靈」 ，也可以保證政府支持的公正性與有效性，防止「政府失靈」 。 -
Based upon the above analysis, the author made a historical analysis of manufactory code supply, described the institution evolution of the bar code and reached the conclusion that there exists market failure for the bar code - there being no stimulation, based on the practice of article numbering center of china and the view of public goods supply and public department, this thesis put forward some approaches in supply efficiency enhancing of our country ' s article numbering organization on the point of promoting internationalization level in goods code in our country
以公共品供給理論和公共部門理論為指導，結合我國編碼組織的工作實踐，從促進我國商品標識國際化水平的角度提出改進我國商品編碼組織供給效率的有效途徑，指出將成本分擔與年產值關聯起來實行以年產值為基礎的二部收費法在一定程度上能夠解決商品條碼系統成員之間搭便車的現象，因而具有帕雷托改進的性質。最後分析了商業模式演變、產業結構和體制環境對我國編碼組織的影響。 -
The first section writes that, as two main resource allocation mechanisms, government and market both have their own shortcomings, namely government failure and market failure. further analysis shows that the common cause of government failure and market failure lies in the contradiction between individual rationality and collective rationality
第一節分析認為，政府與市場作為資源配置方式均有其自身的缺點，主要表現在政府失靈和市場失靈，二者的共同根源在於個體理性與集體理性的矛盾。 -
Traditional natural monopoly theory used government regulation of natural monopoly industries as the answer to the question of " market failure ", which ignored that government as a link of trust - agency was influenced by some condition such as many - faceted aim function, uncompleted information and the defect in its public decision theory etc. then under the lack of rigid restrain, the action of government regulation maybe produce some negative influence including the question of dynamic consistency
傳統自然壟斷規制理論將政府規制視為「市場失敗」的政府解，忽略了政府作為委託代理鏈條中的一環，受其目標函數多元化、信息不完全、公共決策體制存在的缺陷等情況所影響，在缺乏硬約束的情況下，政府規制行為有可能會衍生出動態一致性（ dynamicconsistency ）問題。 -
Chapter 1 is the theoretic base of the thesis, presenting the agency problem and economic result of independent audit. independent audit is a useful tool to resolve modern enterprises agency problem. chapter 2 is an analysis of the information asymmetry, market failure, the economic grounds of regulation on market entry and the advantages and disadvantages of permit control
論文從五個方面運用現代經濟學理論研究中國獨立審計現實問題，第一章是全文的理論基礎，提出了獨立審計是解決現代企業代理問題的有效工具的觀點，闡述了獨立審計的代理問題及經濟後果，論文第二章從獨立審計服務的信息不對稱、市場失靈分析市場準入管制經濟理由，對獨立審計獨立性和專業勝任能力提出符合我國國情具體標準。
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