market pricing system 中文意思是什麼
market pricing system
解釋
市場價格體制-
In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem
在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
With the fast development of electricity markets, establishing a reasonable pricing system become more and more important to keep markets well running. especially after the failure of california electricity market and the well run of neta, more and more researcher have concentrated on the compare between mcp and pab
隨著電力市場改革的深入，電力市場定價問題成為越來越重要的研究課題之一，尤其是在加州電力市場失敗以及英國neta的良好運行情況下，許多學者開始關注mcp和pab競價模式，進行它們的優劣比較研究。 -
The thesis figures that the two - part pricing system should be introduced to the generation side on the initial stages of yunnan electricity market. the basic model of two - part pricing system is improved in this paper in several facts such as the components of capacity cost, capacity pricing, competition adjustment. transmission and distribution pricing is the second part of the trisection price
本文提出在雲南電力市場運行初期發電側應引入兩部制電價制度，並結合雲南電力實際，對兩部制電價制度中容量成本的構成、容量電價的確定、競爭力度的調整等一些問題做了較為周詳的研究。 -
Market maker system and aggregate auction system are two basic pricing mechanism in securities market
摘要做市商制與集中競價制是證券市場兩種基本的價格形成機制。 -
( 4 ) it introduces the multi - price and multi - class management theory of air passenger transportation to improve market - directed pricing system of air cargo
（ 4 ）引入航空客運中的「多等級多艙位」運價管理思想，健全貨運市場化運價體系。 -
China has a vast population and a broad market, thus liquor consumption owns a considerably potential market in china. however, due to the intence yet disorder competition of the present market, the marketing of the liquor industry in china has fallen into an rather awkward dilemma. the hidden trouble, the lurking danger, cause the businessmen in this line unable to extricate themselves from a low - leveled ricious competitive cycle. such severe challenge also confronts yuechitequ company. therefore, the most urgent problems waiting for resdring lie in how to take advantage of the present resoures effectively, how to distinguish the market situation, and how to institute a scientific product - popularizing programme in order to keep the enterprise standing undefeated in the intense competition, and develop the enterprise rapidly, favorably. this thesis makes a thoughtful analysis about the external conditions of market and internal ones resources in the yuechitequ by means of inrestication through questionaire and scientific data processing. in the second part, with the application of stp system theory of marketing and new - product - pricing theory, it designs and further expounds the popularization of the new products of this company, then forms a excutable performance and makes a constant rerision via market practice. in this way can it explor a suitable road to popularize the products in the liquor market, help the enterprise to free from the difficulties and progress healthely, consitently
本文通過在岳池特曲公司現有產品市場進行問卷調查，運用科學的數據處理方法對所回收的658份問卷統計分析，以及利用美國哈佛大學商學院著名教授邁克爾?波特（ michaelporter ）提出的五種力量模型和價值鏈與vrio分析理論，對白酒市場的公開數據細致分析，以明確四川省岳池特曲酒業有限公司實施新產品市場推廣所面臨的市場條件和內部資源條件，在此基礎上，本文運用市場營銷學中stp系統理論、新產品定價理論等，對岳池特曲公司推出的白酒新產品進行市場細分、確定目標市場和市場定位，並根據市場營銷4p理論制定新產品的產品策略、價格策略、渠道策略、市場促銷推廣策略，形成最終整體完善的可執行方案，再通過市場實踐對推廣方案進行檢驗、修正，力圖在酒類市場中探索一條新產品市場推廣的適用道路，並幫助企業擺脫困境、邁開步伐、持續健康的發展。 -
Article 55 for pharmaceuticals controlled by the fixed and directive pricing system of the government, the competent authority of pricing of the government shall fix and adjust the price with reason in conformity with the principles for fixing prices as prescribed by the price law of the prc and according to the considerations of societal average costs, market supply and demand, and the level of societal tolerance to achieve accord between quality and price, to avoid excessive prices, and to safeguard the due interests of the users of the pharmaceuticals
第五十五條依法實行政府定價、政府指導價的藥品，政府價格主管部門應當依照《中華人民共和國價格法》規定的定價原則，依據社會平均成本、市場供求狀況和社會承受能力合理制定和調整價格，做到質價相符，消除虛高價格，保護用藥者的正當利益。 -
2. the characteristics and pricing of some ancillary services market, such as california independent system operator, u. k, australia, as well as the successful aspects of the simulation power market in china are mentioned in this paper
簡單地提及了美國加州、英國、澳大利亞等國比較成熟的輔助服務市場的結構特點、定價方法等。同時，介紹了我國模擬電力市場的輔助服務處理方法。 -
To regard market demand as driving force and optimize the business procedure of each link that enterprises distribute system : purchase management, allot management, sale management, provide and deliver management, stock control, customer management, settlement management, pricing system management, market analysis, etc., and make enterprises grasp all kinds of information and make the fast reaction to the change of market demand in time, thus promote the each sale nodal connection of enterprises and the distribution system. with the shortest supply route, the fastest reaction speed, the minimum cost, individualized products and service, and improve the customer s satisfaction
以市場需求為驅動力，優化企業分銷體系各個環節的業務流程：采購管理調撥管理同城異地銷售管理配送管理庫存管理客戶管理結算管理價格體系管理市場分析等等，使企業及時掌握各類信息並對市場需求的變化做出快速反應，從而增進企業與分銷體系各銷售節點的聯系，以最短的供應路線最快的反應速度最低的成本個性化的產品與服務，提高客戶的滿意度。 -
Take the reform of the pricing system for example. we have gradually lifted the control over prices, and now the prices of most commodities are under market control
我們的價格體制改革就是這樣做的，每年逐步放開一些商品價格，如今大部分商品價格已由市場來決定。 -
It presents a model to predict dynamical demand of market in revenue management system by computer simulate algorithm, which regulates real - time pricing and classed seat allocation simultaneously on the basis of the maximized profit
應用計算機模擬演算法動態構造民航收益管理系統中的需求預測模型，並根據航班收益最大化原則，確定價格與座位存量分配，根據需求變化實時調整價格和座位存量。 -
The article draws a conclusion that revenue management pricing is suitable for chinese airlines, in other words, in order to maximize the benefits for caac, airlines and passengers, the caac should open the market ; the airlines should make diversiform and multi - hierarchy price system according to different passengers
因此，航空客運價格制定應走收益管理定價之路，即民航總局放開市場，航空公司以旅客為中心、建立多種類、多層次的航空客運票價體系，從而實現民航總局、航空公司收益和旅客效用最大化的「三方共贏」結果。 -
Section iii proposes a possible organization of a reactive power market, a regional reactive power market established according to the distribution of the load and the reactive supply. the regional reactive power market is composed of a reactive energy market based on marginal pricing and a reactive capacity market based on a reactive regulating capacity payment. the cases in section iv, based on the market organization proposals and the reactive bid structure previously presented, performed on a five - bus system and the ieee 14 bus system, are used to analysis the effects of active bid, voltage control and power factor on the reactive marginal price
本文首先回顧了電力市場發展的歷史和現狀；然後對市場中的定價方法和無功輔助服務的內容及特點進行了總結，並介紹了一些國家的無功輔助服務市場模式和交易方法；接著立足我國國情，提出了單邊開放電力市場下的無功市場框架：即根據負荷和無功源的分佈特點建立區域無功市場，各區域無功市場又由相應的無功電量市場和無功容量市場組成；並提出了該無功市場模式下的機組報價模型和基於報價的以系統總購電費用最小為目標的無功電價計算方法；最後用一個5節點系統和ieee14節點系統進行了實例分析，初步研究了發電機有功報價、系統電壓控制以及負荷功率因數對無功電價的影響，得出了一些有借鑒意義的結論。 -
The validity of the method is verified through sensitivity studies. this work emphasizes that the valuation of reactive power support services should be based on their contributions to system security and stability. from this view, we set up the model of capacity pricing and the structure of var capacity market
接下來，對國內外已營運電力市場的無功輔助服務市場情況進行分析，在總結各類市場的先進經驗和欠缺之處的基礎上，創造性地提出了統一計算和集中補償的模式，建立無功容量市場和無功電量市場的設想，確定了本項研究的基本思路。 -
In the early electric market in china, in order to encourage the power plant to supply reactive power and maintain the safe and stable operation of power system as well as give proper pricing signal of reactive power, the old method in which only active power is charged and reactive power is free must be changed
為調動發電廠參與無功輔助服務的積極性，確保系統安全穩定運行，並給無功電源建設以正確的價格信號，根據發電廠無功輔助服務成本分析和我國初級電力市場的狀況，討論了一種無功容量電價加無功電量電價的二部制無功輔助服務補償電價。 -
Securities star fuyu ho version of the software market, the stock market is the only address " healthy profit " operation designed thinking global dram pricing system, set 20 top global dram pricing experience and wisdom to the digital approach would be sound the real benefit of these skills into the auxiliary look pan system
證券之星傅吾豪版行情分析軟體，是證券市場上唯一針對「穩健獲利」操作思路而設計的操盤系統，集20年高手操盤經驗與智慧，以數字化的處理方式將穩健獲利的實戰技巧融入其中的輔助看盤系統。 -
With over ten years experience, the author compares the administrative system implemented by american government in transfusion institution with that of practiced by shaanxi province government. and employing four theories, theory of entry regulation, theory of price regulation, theory of asymmetry of information and regulatory capture theory. the author analyses the apparent distinctions between these two systems in the aspects of market entry, investment, pricing methods and information regulation
作者根據十幾年參與陜西省血液供應管理工作的體會和總結，以美國政府對各地區采供血行業的管制方法作為參比物，對比陜西省對采供血機構管理體制的差異，尋找在現有制度下解決陜西省血液供應管理模式的問題，運用政府管制經濟學進入管制、價格管制、信息不對稱和政府俘虜等四項理論，分析得出陜西省對血液供應機構管制存在血液市場進入、機構出資主體、產品定價模型以及信息管制上的明顯差異。 -
It means the telecommunication cost have reduced by half in the past five years, said wang xudong. he added that " a preliminary market - oriented pricing system has been established.
王旭東表示，目前我國初步建立了電信資費市場化形成機制，電信資費在過去5年內下降了一半。 -
Although marketing theory and concept have been put into practice, these banks are still far lagging behind in marketing concept, marketing mechanism and the employ of marketing strategies and means, compared with their experienced foreign counterparts. the manifestation of such gaps includes the weak awareness of overall marketing, the imperfect marketing organization and mechanism, the lack of a uniform strategic planning and a definite marketing positioning, the immaturity of true r & d mechanism and market pricing mechanism for financial products, the unsystematic use of promotion means, the unsatisfactory effects of mix policies used, the inefficiency and irrational structure of distribution channels, the imperfect distribution technology, the imperfect information system and the incompetence of marketing team
近幾年來，實踐中雖然已經引入了營銷理論和觀念，但是跟國外先進銀行相比，在營銷觀念、機制和營銷策略、手段運用方面總體上還尚存在較大差距，主要表現在整體營銷意識不強；營銷組織和機制不健全；缺乏統一的戰略規劃和明確的市場定位；尚未形成真正的金融產品研發機制和市場定價機制；在促銷手段的運用上較為零散，對組合策略運用效果不勝理想；分銷渠道效能較低，結構不合理，技術上有待于提高完善；信息系統不夠完善；營銷隊伍素質有待進一步提高等等。
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