metabolic pathways 中文意思是什麼
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The global regulator csra of e. coli is a specific mrna - binding protein. csra negatively regulates several metabolic pathways that are induced post - exponentially, including glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen catabolism ; positively controls gene expression within the glycolytic pathway ; and also csra modulates the levels of enzymes that participate directly in pep metabolism
Csra是整體調控網路的調控基因，可負調控指數生長後期誘導的一些代謝途徑，包括糖原的生物合成、糖原的分解代謝、糖異生，而對糖酵解的一些重要基因的表達則執行正調控功能， csra也調控直接參與pep代謝的三個酶的活性水平。 -
For functional genomics, huge est databases from multiple tissues of a number of tree species have been rapidly accumulated, and molecular analyses on secondary growth and wood formation, flowering, and cold hardiness have given some insights into the metabolic pathways of those tree - specific development processes
功能基因組學方面，已分析了主要造林樹種多種組織的轉錄組est序列，對林木次生生長與木材形成、開花和抗寒性的形成等過程開展了功能基因組學研究。 -
Glyceraldehydes 3 - phosphate is involved in many metabolic pathways
甘油醛3 -磷酸參與許多代謝過程。 -
The fumarate ion participates in several important metabolic pathways, e. g. the krebs cycle, purine pathways, and the urea cycle
延胡索酸分別參與多種重要的代謝途徑，如卡爾文循環、嘌呤途徑和尿素循環。 -
Some genetic disorders are first recognized later in childhood or ever in adult life because of the existence of metabolic pathways or functions peculiar to later periods of life or to the cumulative effects of factors which injure the genetically abnormal cells
有些遺傳病，在童年期後期甚至在成年期，才被發現，這是因為有代謝旁路存在或在人生後期所特有的功能，或者是因為某些因素對遺傳異常細胞損傷作用需要多年的累積。 -
In contrast, metabolic profiling ? or tallying a plant ' s metabolites, after altering its genes ? seemed capable of capturing information about those pathways more quickly
相較之下，在改變植物的基因后，進行植物的代謝剖析（或是記錄其代謝產物） ，似乎能較快速掌握植物代謝途徑的訊息。 -
Dr keasling ' s project is not the only one to lay down artificial metabolic pathways
科斯林博士的項目不是唯一一個建立人造代謝途徑的項目。 -
These can form a source of energy when carbohydrate levels are low, being broken down by lipases into fatty acids, which can enter metabolic pathways
當體內碳水化合物水平降低時，可以轉變為能量，它可以被脂肪酶分解為脂肪酸從而進入代謝途徑。 -
And although the emerging field of functional genomics had just begun to link genes to their protein products, most techniques stopped short of defining metabolic pathways
盡管日漸崛起的功能性基因組學這個領域，不久前已開始找尋各種基因所對應的蛋白質，但由於科學家對植物的代謝途徑缺乏確切的了解，硬是讓許多技術碰了壁。 -
Enzymes are either intracellular, catalyzing reactions within the cell such as those involved in the metabolic, regulatory, signaling, or synthesis pathways ; or extracellular, circulating in the spaces between cells or in the bloodstream, where they catalyze reactions critical to the functioning of a multicellular organism
酶可以是細胞內的，催化細胞內的反應如：新陳代謝、調節、信號傳導或合成過程；或細胞外的，在細胞間或血液里循環，並在那裡催化對于多細胞生物的功能具有重要作用的反應。 -
So dr dudareva is also measuring how quickly the enzymes in scent - production pathways work, in order to identify bottlenecks and thus places where her metabolic - engineering efforts would best be concentrated
因此，都達瑞娃博士對氣味形成過程中酶催化速度也進行了檢測，以期解開制約花香形成的「瓶頸」 ，進而弄清在哪個位置運用代謝工程技術最為有效。 -
Adipokines, the bioactive factors derived mainly from adipocytes, regulate pancreatic - cell function including insulin secretion, gene expression and apoptosis. in this review, we propose that adipokines influence - cell function through three interdependent pathways. the first is through regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in - cells. the second implicates the change of ion channel opening and closing in - cells. the third pathway is via the modification of insulin sensitivity of - cells. the endocrine function of adipocytes is dynamic, and the secretion of various adipokines changes under different metabolic conditions. during the progression from the normal state to obesity and to type 2 diabetes, adipokines contribute to the occurrence and development of - cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
脂肪因子包括脂肪細胞分泌的多種活性因子，它們通過內分泌方式調節胰島細胞的胰島素分泌、基因表達以及細胞凋亡等多方面的功能.本文提出脂肪因子影響胰島細胞功能主要通過三條相互聯系的途徑而實現.第一是調節細胞內葡萄糖和脂肪的代謝;第二是影響細胞離子通道的活性;第三是改變細胞本身的胰島素敏感性.脂肪細胞的內分泌功能是一個動態過程，在不同的代謝狀態下，各脂肪因子的分泌發生不同變化.從正常代謝狀態發展到肥胖以及2型糖尿病的過程中，脂肪因子參與了胰島細胞功能障礙的發生與發展 -
Abstract : adipokines, the bioactive factors derived mainly from adipocytes, regulate pancreatic - cell function including insulin secretion, gene expression and apoptosis. in this review, we propose that adipokines influence - cell function through three interdependent pathways. the first is through regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in - cells. the second implicates the change of ion channel opening and closing in - cells. the third pathway is via the modification of insulin sensitivity of - cells. the endocrine function of adipocytes is dynamic, and the secretion of various adipokines changes under different metabolic conditions. during the progression from the normal state to obesity and to type 2 diabetes, adipokines contribute to the occurrence and development of - cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
文摘:脂肪因子包括脂肪細胞分泌的多種活性因子，它們通過內分泌方式調節胰島細胞的胰島素分泌、基因表達以及細胞凋亡等多方面的功能.本文提出脂肪因子影響胰島細胞功能主要通過三條相互聯系的途徑而實現.第一是調節細胞內葡萄糖和脂肪的代謝;第二是影響細胞離子通道的活性;第三是改變細胞本身的胰島素敏感性.脂肪細胞的內分泌功能是一個動態過程，在不同的代謝狀態下，各脂肪因子的分泌發生不同變化.從正常代謝狀態發展到肥胖以及2型糖尿病的過程中，脂肪因子參與了胰島細胞功能障礙的發生與發展
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