modification cost 中文意思是什麼

modification cost 解釋
修改成本
  • modification : n. 變更，更改，修正；改良，改進；緩和；修改；減輕；限制；【生物學】誘發變異，變態，變體，變型；【語法】修飾；（用變音符號的）母音改變。
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. The structures and characteristics of several graphite samples are measured by means of powder x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), brunauer - emmer - teller ( bet ) surface area measurement, inductively coupled plasma ( icp ) spectroscopy, particle size analysis and electrochemical measurements. the effects of origin, structure, impurity, particle size, specific surface area of carbon materials on the electrochemical characteristics are studied. a synthetic graphite with abundant resources, low cost and favorable performance is determined as the raw material for modification of graphite

    採用xrd 、 bet 、 icp 、激光粒徑分析及電化學性能測試等方法，對國內外多種典型石墨樣品的結構與性能進行比較，研究石墨材料的來源、晶體結構、雜質含量、顆粒大小、比表面積等因素對其充放電性能的影響，確定一種性能較好、價格低廉、來源廣泛的普通人造石墨粉作為熱處理與摻雜改性、以及復合結構炭材料研究的原材料。
  2. In the light of the problems of the air balance system of model lcj1250 chain drive pumping unit, it is proposed to change the air balance with counterweight balance, and three criteria for the modification is put forward : ( 1 ) ensuring the reliability of the unit with smooth operation, low noise and long life ; ( 2 ) cutting down the production cost and using less component parts as possible ; ( 3 ) carrying out modification without such main technical parameters as stroke, pumping speed and maximum polished rod load

    針對lcj1250氣平衡式鏈條抽油機存在氣平衡故障率高和現場維修困難等問題，提出將氣平衡改造成工作可靠的重力平衡的方案，並確定了改造的三個原則：一是保證整機的可靠性，使抽油機運轉平穩，振動噪音小，壽命長；二是力求降低生產成本，減少零部件製造，盡可能選用原來的通用件，捨去平衡缸和空氣包等氣平衡附件，在原往返架主體上懸掛一個配重箱；三是力求不改變沖程、沖次及最大懸點載荷等主要技術參數。
  3. Abstract : in the light of the problems of the air balance system of model lcj1250 chain drive pumping unit, it is proposed to change the air balance with counterweight balance, and three criteria for the modification is put forward : ( 1 ) ensuring the reliability of the unit with smooth operation, low noise and long life ; ( 2 ) cutting down the production cost and using less component parts as possible ; ( 3 ) carrying out modification without such main technical parameters as stroke, pumping speed and maximum polished rod load

    文摘:針對lcj1250氣平衡式鏈條抽油機存在氣平衡故障率高和現場維修困難等問題，提出將氣平衡改造成工作可靠的重力平衡的方案，並確定了改造的三個原則：一是保證整機的可靠性，使抽油機運轉平穩，振動噪音小，壽命長；二是力求降低生產成本，減少零部件製造，盡可能選用原來的通用件，捨去平衡缸和空氣包等氣平衡附件，在原往返架主體上懸掛一個配重箱；三是力求不改變沖程、沖次及最大懸點載荷等主要技術參數。
  4. Flexibility, processability, low cost, interesting optical - electric properties and so on make organic materials be a good substitute for inorganic ones. modification of inorganics by organics can change surface properties of inorganics, for example, frictional, optical, electrical, chemical and biocompatible properties. on the other hand, many interests have been shown to integration of functional organics in si - base devices because of their great promise in optoelectronic, micro - electronic and sensor applications

    通過對無機半導體材料進行有機改性，可以改變無機材料的表面化學性質，生物相容性質，光電性質等等，因此，有機無機復合材料在光電器件、生物傳感、微電子器件的應用領域有著很好的應用前景，尤其是在微電子工業中廣泛使用的硅材料與有機光電材料的復合更是備受關注。
  5. Much emphasis has been put on organic nonlinear optical materials because they have many advantages, such as wide response wave band, good flexibility, high optical damage threshold, low cost, and easy combination and modification

    由於有機非線性光學材料具有寬的響應波段、良好的柔韌性、高的光損傷閾值和較低成本，以及易於合成、可以進行裁減和修飾等特點而備受重視。
  6. In our country, many railway lines which were built in mountainous area have heavy gradient and curves with small radius. so it is difficult to improve them and a great amount of cost is needed in the modification of them

    由於我國幅員遼闊，有相當多的鐵路處于山區，線路坡度大、曲線半徑小、建設標準低，如果按照三大幹線標準改造線路使之適應提速要求，鐵路的改建很困難，所需人力物力不亞于修建新鐵路，不適合我國目前的國情。
  7. The method of determining price is as follows : 1 ) for " oil pipelines ", that is pipelines that built depending on state finance appropriated money or enterprise modification fund in the past, the fixed price will be based on social average cost profit margin

    二、天然氣管線運價採用「老線老價、新線新價、一線一價」 。確定價格的方法為： 1對「老管線」即過去用國家財政撥款或企業更改基金建設的管線，按社會平均成本利潤率定價。
  8. Based on the characteristics of silicon whisker, the research on the modification of pa6 by silicon whisker sio2 - jx was made, and the result showed that the tensile strength, impact strength, brinell hardness, and heat resistance increased with the increase of the content of the whisker ; sio2 - jx could replace short glass fiber in the modification of pa6, improving the heat distortion temperature, removing the appearance of glass fiber, reducing shrinkage and the cost

    摘要利用晶須矽纖維狀的特性，對其填充于龍玻纖改性進行研究，結果表明，隨晶須用量的增加，材料的拉伸強度、沖擊強度，布氏硬度、耐熱溫度均得到提高；晶須矽可取代短玻纖使用，提高熱變形溫度、消除玻纖外露，降低收縮率及生產成本等。
  9. Since the opening and reform, state impulse social economic transformation and enterprise modification positively. now that these property right system reform is protected, also the property right of the rural collective non - farming construction land is ; the rise of cost of land requisition due to the implement of the law of land management made the use of stocking collective non - farming construction land possiblely. all that improve the possiblity of dividing potential income flow

    其次是收入流的分配，自從我國實行改革開放以來，國家積極推動社會經濟轉型和企業改制，國家既然保護了這一產權制度改革，那麼同樣應當保護集體非農建設用地流轉創新中的產權，這是其一；其二是由於新的《土地管理法》的實施，提高了土地徵用的成本，這就使得存量建設用地的使用成為可能，這些都在一定程度上提高了新生收入流被分割的可能性。
  10. If client makes great modification or the increased construction cost is over 30 % of total project cost, then both parties should make negotiation based on the contract

    如發包人對本工程有重大修改或增加造價的數額超過本工程總造價的30 %時，本合同雙方須另行協商。
  11. The prediction of the noise level in the cabin and work space at design stage is aiming to make effective measurement to control the noise level in advance to meet the regulations and ship owner ' s needs, which can avoid incidental expanses in the remediation and modification, so as to shorten the period and cut the construction cost of ship. in order to predict the noise levels in the ship superstructure cabin, the two methods are discussed in this paper, such as the grey prediction method and the acoustics analysis in fem method

    如果能在船舶設計開發的初期就能對其艙室、工作空間的噪聲值進行預測，對不滿足相關規范或船東要求的部位提前採取有力的措施，不僅能有效的達到減少艙室噪聲的目的，還能避免在船舶建造完成後因採取補救和改動措施而造成的巨額開銷，從而縮短了造船周期，降低了造船成本。
  12. Adopting the precision cold forging to carrying out the tooth profile modification of spur bevel gear evidently lowered the cost, thus provided a kind of new researching method for the modification, vibration reduction, noise dropping and design of the gear transmission system

    直齒錐齒輪採用冷精鍛進行齒廓修形，顯著地降低了成本，這為齒輪傳動系統的修形、減振、降噪和設計提供了一種新的研究方法。
  13. This paper covers dongfeng truck modification into an automatic loading / unloading grain bulk truck to reduce the cost of transportation and improve the effciency

    摘要通過對標準東風運輸車進行改裝設計，使其成為可自動裝卸散裝糧食的專用糧食運輸車，以達到降低糧食運輸成本、提高效率的目的。
  14. Traditional development approach bases on design - test - modification, which requires repeatedly testing and modifying design. this method increases project cost and development period

    傳統的研製途徑是採用經驗設計-試驗-修改的方式，需要反復試驗和修改設計，造成了工程成本和研製周期的增加。
  15. Fc approved a commitment to 179gk to category a at an estimated cost of $ 47. 2 million in mod prices for the expansion and modification works at stk control point

    財務委員會批準開立承擔額，把179gk號工程計劃提升為甲級；按付款當日價格計算，估計所需費用為4 ， 720萬元，用以進行沙頭角管制站的擴建及改建工程。
  16. Pwsc endorsed a commitment to upgrade 179gk to category a at an estimated cost of $ 47. 2 million in mod prices for the expansion and modification works at stk control point

    工務小組委員會通過開立承擔額，把179gk號工程計劃提升為甲級；按付款當日價格計算，估計所需費用為4 ， 720萬元，用以進行沙頭角管制站的擴建及改建工程。
  17. The inverse optimization problems focus on how to change the weight parameters of the original optimization problems such that some given solutions become optimum under the new weight parameters and the total modification cost is minimized

    摘要逆優化問題研究的是如何改變原問題中的權參數，使得某些給定的解是問題在新的權參數下的最優解，且使總的改造費用盡可能少。
  18. It ' s resolve dispersion intensity and operation time. by testing sample of precipitated calcium carbonate and testing sample with particle size and distribution, specific surface area, particle configuration, coated percentage, accumulated density and absorb oil quantity, which indicated that the dispersion and surface modification effect of tri - rotor continuum surface modification equipment are fulfilled the demand of powders applied industry completely, also the system working continuously, realizing produce scale. the performance of the test equipment is much better than others dry machinery in our country, and as well as overseas dry machinery and wet machinery, also it has the advantage of the produce cost low

    通過對樣品?輕質碳酸鈣的性能試驗，同時對試驗樣品進行了粒度及粒度分佈、比表面積、顆粒形貌、包覆率、堆積密度和吸油值的檢測，表明三轉子連續改性機的分散和改性效果完全能夠滿足粉體應用行業的需要，同時系統連續作業，實現了規模化生產；通過與其它改性裝置的對比試驗表明本試驗裝置性能優于國內其它干法改性裝置，達到國外干法和濕法改性裝置的水平，同時又具有生產成本低的優勢。
  19. 3. in the paper, we consider gordon theory of a class of single - species ecological systems with periodic coefficients on open - access fishery, and set up the ordinary economic equilibrium conditions of the single - species and get globally asymptotically stable economic equilibrium ; the over - exploitation of the system and the modification on economic equilibrium conditions by opportunity cost are investigated

    考慮了一類具周期系數的單種群生態系統的gordon理論，建立了單種群系統最為普遍的經濟均衡條件，從而找到了全局漸近穩定性的經濟均衡點；並對系統因捕獲造成的過度開發，以及對gordon經濟均衡條件的改進作了相應研究。
  20. Finally, the cost of system innovation is depressing by enterp rise modification and urban state - owned land use system reform

    最後，這一制度創新的成本在降低，無論鄉鎮企業改制，還是國有土地使用制度改革，這些都降低了制度創新的組織成本。
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