p element 中文意思是什麼

It is therefore my task to present to you radium in particular as a new chemical element, and to leave aside the description of the many radioactive phenomena which have already been described in the nobel lectures of h. becquerel, p. curie and e. rutherford

因此，我的任務就是將鐳作為一種新的化學元素特別地介紹給你們，而不去描述許多其他的放射現象，這些現象在亨利?貝克勒爾、皮埃爾?居里和盧瑟福的諾貝爾演講中已經有所描述。

As a result it enhanced the water - retaining and fertility - retaining capacity, strengthened the anti - scour and anti - erosion ability. 3. sabaigrass can meliorated the little entironment of purple soil bare slope field the results show that sabaigrass treatment and grass tree solid plating treatment can reduce n ( nitrogen ), p ( phosphorus ) and k ( potassium ) erosion, increase soil nutrition element content, it also increase soil water content and soil pondage, decrease soil water evaporation, strengthen the anti - drought ability

龍須草能改善紫色土荒坡地的小生境龍須草純種植被和林草立體種植植被能不同程度地增加土壤的有機質和速效n 、 p 、 k的含量；增加土壤含水量和貯水量，減緩和減少土壤的水分蒸發，增強土壤的抗旱能力；降低土壤盛夏的地表最高溫度，減少地表溫度變化幅度。

In chapter two, we consider full disceret scheme of mixed finite element methods for the following initial - value problems of linear integro - differential equations of parabolic in this chapter, we give the error analysis of this full discrete scheme and get optimal error estimates for the discrete solutions of u and p

第二章討論下述線性拋物型積分微分方程初邊值問題混合有限元方法的后差全離散格式。給出了該全離散格式的誤差分析，得到了離散解逼近未知函數u以及伴隨速度p的關于空間和時間的最優階誤差估計。

In the paper we mainly researched space gainp2 / gaas / ge high efficiency tandem cells " making process by home - made low pressure mocvd technology and new solar concentrators. firstly, we presented reseached and development of solar cells in china and foreign countries ; secondly, on the basis of fundamental priciples and theories, we discussed some factors of influcing conversion efficiency of solar cells, and analysed the i - v output feature of two - junction tandem cells ; then the design concept of gainp2 / gaas / ge two - junction tandem cells was discussed, the detailed aspects of gainp2 / gaas / ge tandem cells epitaxy growth by low pressure mocvd was studied, and some questions on epitaxy growth ( such as crystal qualities, interface stress, element interdiffusion, n - and p - type doping et all ) were solved ; after that, the cell fabrication process was described ; finally, we reseached the hot pressing and mould process technology of an arched line - focus fresnel lens made by pmma, designed and fixed new solar concentrators

本文致力於用自製的低壓mocvd裝置進行cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge空間用高效級聯太陽能電池製作的工藝以及聚光太陽能電池組件的研究。首先，介紹了國內外太陽能電池的研究現狀及應用情況；其次，運用太陽能電池基本原理討論影響電池轉換效率的因素，分析了級聯電池的伏安特性；隨后，討論了cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge雙結級聯電池的結構設計理念，研究了採用低壓mocvd技術生長cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge級聯太陽電池材料的工藝過程，解決了異質材料生長的結晶質量、界面應力、材料互擴散以及材料n 、 p型摻雜等一系列問題；然後總結了級聯電池的后工藝製作；最後，研究了以pmma為材料的菲涅耳線聚焦透鏡的熱壓成型工藝及其模具的加工工藝，設計並安裝完成新型聚光太陽能電池組件。

A super acylation catalyst, 4 - dimethylamino pyridine ( dmap ), was prepared and used to synthesize cholesteryl ester compounds. four kinds of cholesteryl ester compounds such as cholesteryl p - alkoxyl benzoate, cholesteryl dicarboxylate, cholesteryl lumequeic ester and coattail - like cholesteryl ester were synthesized by acylation method and super acylation catalyst method. chemical structures and liquid crystal behaviors of the synthesized samples have been characterized by using element analysis, ftir, dsc and polarized microscopy with a hot stage

本文合成了高效酰化催化劑4 -二甲基氨基吡啶（ 4 - dimethylaminopyridine ， dmap ） ，採用酰氯化法和高效酰化催化劑法分別合成了對烷氧基苯甲酸膽甾醇酯、對稱脂族二羧酸膽甾醇酯、烯酸膽甾醇酯及燕尾型膽甾醇酯四類膽甾醇酯衍生物，並進行了化學結構和液晶性能的表徵。

Concentration of the same macro element varied significantly with different plant parts. as for n and p, the variation followed the sequence of flower > leaf > root > stem, and the order was flower > leaf > stem > root for k, as well as leaf > root > flower > stem for ca. maximum content of mg was found in leaf while minimum value was detected in stem

不同部位微量元素含量不同，以fe差異最大（根葉fe含量最高，莖和花較低） ； cu含量為根葉花莖； mn為葉花根莖； zn含量以葉最高，莖次之，花最低： b含量順序與zn類似； mo在所有部位中含量均偏低，以葉最高，根次之。

A. d. p. i. approximation for characteristic finite element methods for quasilinear sobolev equations and its analysis

方程的特徵有限元格式的交替方向預處理迭代解及其分析

Using gap elements to simulate the practical worki n g situation of a piston, a new finite element contact model is proposed both th e stress and deformation of the piston and the pressure distribution between the p iston and the pin are obtained the contact area and the pressure distribution v ary with the stiffness of the pin and the clearance between the piston and the p in

該文使用間隙元模擬活塞的實際工作狀態，提出活塞的有限元接觸模型，不僅可以得到活塞的應力和變形，還可以計算出活塞與活塞銷之間的壓力分佈以及銷的剛度、銷與銷座的間隙變化對接觸區域的大小和壓力分佈的影響

Abstract : using gap elements to simulate the practical worki n g situation of a piston, a new finite element contact model is proposed both th e stress and deformation of the piston and the pressure distribution between the p iston and the pin are obtained the contact area and the pressure distribution v ary with the stiffness of the pin and the clearance between the piston and the p in

文摘:該文使用間隙元模擬活塞的實際工作狀態，提出活塞的有限元接觸模型，不僅可以得到活塞的應力和變形，還可以計算出活塞與活塞銷之間的壓力分佈以及銷的剛度、銷與銷座的間隙變化對接觸區域的大小和壓力分佈的影響

After that in chapter four, a axisymmetric hybrid stress finite element for piezoelectric media is presented on the optimization condition for the coupling of electrical and elasticity. it ' s practicable and rational in the numerical example. in the fifth chapter, we study the p - version hybrid stress fem

本文還研究了基於升階譜的雜交應力元方法，建立了一系列p 5的高階雜交應力單元列式，數值計算結果顯示採用正確的高斯積分，將使得本方法切實可行，同時兼有升階譜和雜交元的優勢。

The numerical example shows that if we use the correct guess integral, this method will give right answer. it has good performance for both p - version and hybrid stress fem. last, a hybrid stress finite element with second stress completion is presented, which keeps the virtue of normal hybrid finite element, especially good for incompressble material, because it can avoid the self lock of displacement and instability of stress results

第一部分還首次提出了一個滿足二次應力完備的雜交應力單元，它的應力滿足二次應力完備，而且通過巧妙的應力插值函數，避免了一般雜交應力元的矩陣求逆過程，而通常這個求逆過程都是很耗時的，這個二次應力完備雜交元保持了一般雜交元的優點，對于不可壓縮問題具有較好的性能。

At the same time in this paper we analyze nonlinear behavior of masonry through finite element method program and obtain its load when the wall start to crack and when it destroy, the p - u curve and so on. a comparison has been made between the data obtained from the experiment and the calculated through finite element method program so that we can study the cause of crack. in this paper we use finite element method to study concrete ' s character to analyze masonry, satisfactory results have been attained

因此本文在對灰砂磚砌體進行力學性能試驗的基礎上，分析其裂縫產生的破壞模式與開裂機理，並論述了將斷裂力學知識運用於研究砌體裂縫問題的可行性；同時，本文運用有限元方法對結構低周反復加載靜力試驗所做的灰砂磚墻片進行非線性分析計算，得出墻片的開裂荷載、極限荷載、 p ? u曲線，裂縫在墻體上的分佈等，與試驗所得數據對比，以便於研究裂縫的開裂機理，並將研究混凝土的有限元方法運用到對砌體的研究中，取得了較滿意的結果，為類似的試驗分析提供了一條新的思路。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

That is, by the calculation of the anti - thermal deformation quality factor and synthetic quality factor of some typical primary mirror materials, the primary mirror material is selected scientifically and rationally. by the finite element method and the conception of structure rigidity quality factor, researching the relation between the light - weighted cell shape, the mirror thickness and mirror structural rigidity quality. by the force - thermal coupling analysis of the primary mirror assembly, the relations between the thickness, height of the flexible support reed and primary mirror synthesis surface figure error ( p - v ) have been researched

即，通過對常用主鏡材料的抗熱變形品質因數和綜合品質因數的定量分析，科學地完成了主鏡的選材；應用有限元分析方法，藉助于結構剛性品質因數的概念，研究了主鏡輕量化孔的形狀和主鏡厚度對鏡結構剛性品質的影響；通過對主鏡組件的力熱耦合分析，研究了主鏡柔性支撐簧片厚度與高度對主鏡面形的影響。

Firstly the method of rayleigh - ritz and galerkin were adopted to analyze the beams under loading combined antisymmetric end moments with transverse uniformly distributed load theoretically, and the results were compared with that offered by kirby, p. a and nethercot, d. a, it showed that result was approximate and even lower and so to some extent the approach used in the paper is practice. secondly several principal factors that affect the beam stability were analyzed respectively, especially the shortening effect was mentioned scarely in some literature so far. at last, the author adopted the matlab to program the finite element software to analyze numerically, the results derived from it were agreed well with it

本文分別採用了rayleigh - ritz法和galerkin法從理論上分析了反對稱端彎矩及橫向均布載共同作用下樑的等效彎矩系數，並與kirby ， p . a和nethercot ， d . a分析結果進行對比，結果表明本文採用的方法得出的等效彎矩系數與其得出結果比較，在均布荷載與端彎矩比例相差不大時基本接近或偏小，說明此方法是可行的，而當均布荷載與端彎矩比例較大時，應根據均布荷載作用進行彎矩等效方法來計算。

P > the fire element of arise brings assertive “ i ” energy

火相星座的特質使白羊座具有非常自信的自我力量。

Instead of adopting exterior matrix p ( s ) diagonal 1 or s, triangle 0 or as which the predecessors used, i employ the exterior matrix p ( s ) diagonal 1 or the structure of iir filter ( for convenience, s + i s employed ), triangle 0 or the structure of iir filter ( for convenience, a ( s + p ) is employed ). this method eliminate the element 1 / s in close transfer matrix whereas the predecessors ' s method carried

但該方法採用的p （ s ）主對角元素為1或s ，下三角元素為0或s 。這樣，閉環傳遞函數就必定出現因子1 s ，不利於系統的穩定性與魯棒性。針對這個問題，本文提出一種改進的方法，可使外矩陣p （ s ）的主對角上元素為1或iir濾波器的結構形式（為簡單起見，取s + ） ，下三角元素為iir濾波器的結構形式（為簡單起見，取（ s + ） ）或0 。

After analyzing some ldnds of incentive theories, the essay indicate tha the application of kwt lewh formula in hotel un management should focus on element " p " which stands for the inner incentives of the staff

通過各種激勵理論，特別是馬斯洛層次理論的分析和弗魯姆期望理論的分析，指出勒溫公式在飯店人力資源管理中應以員工個人內部心理激勵為主。

Seepage analysis considering drainage holes by p - version adaptive composite element method

型自適應復合單元法分析

But the strong elements are still red. the red color is their own style, so it has priority over the blue color of their parent p element

但是strong元素仍然是紅色的。因為紅色是它本身的樣式，所以它的優先級在父元素p之上。