past cost 中文意思是什麼
past cost
解釋
過去成本-
The paper begins with the past and present development situation of china graduate education and then analyses the inevitability of sharing the graduate education cost. it introduces evolvement of the sharing education cost mechanism and the tuition policy and compares the sharing mechanism and tuition policy with different countries at different time. it also introduces and analyses some important theories of sharing graduate education cost mechanism and the tuition policy, with the current research results and from economics and demotics viewpoint it concludes the payment capability rules and profit capability rules of sharing mechanism which is to conduct establishing the policies of tuition and investment of education
論文從中國研究生教育發展的歷史和現狀出發，分析了研究生教育成本分擔的必要性；並對研究生教育成本分擔機制與學費政策的歷史演變作了介紹，比較了不同時期國內外的分擔機制和學費政策；介紹並分析了研究生教育成本分擔機制和學費政策的幾個重要理論依據，借鑒現有的研究成果，從經濟學和社會學的角度，歸納出分擔機制的支付能力原則和收益能力原則，用以指導學費政策及其他教育投入政策的制定。 -
It is argued that malaysia has taken advantages of low labor cost and stable political and economic environment to merge into international multi production and technology network by the means of inflowing mncs and export - led strategy in the past rapid industrialization era, this strategy has successfully created the opportunity of technological learning ; however, restricted by the institutional failure in its innovation system, it ' s evaluated that malaysia ' s overall development of technological capability lags behind its industrial growth
論文研究表明，在過去十幾年快速的工業化過程中，馬來西亞創新體系藉助跨國公司和出口導向戰略，成功地利用馬來西亞低成本競爭優勢和穩定的政治經濟環境進入多元化的國際生產和技術網路，為其技術深化贏得了機遇，但受限於創新體系內各種制度性失效問題，馬來西亞總體技術能力發展與其工業化發展速度並不同步。 -
The present shortage of radio spectrum results in large part from the cost and performance limits of legacy hardware established during the past century
目前無線電頻譜壅塞的現象，大多起因於上個世紀製造的老式硬體設備在成本與效能上受到限制。 -
The result in many cases has been substantial changes in retail banking services : for example, the selling off of business units, the closing down of branches, the expansion into fee - based business, such as mpf and insurance services, the development of more cost - effective modes of service delivery, such as the atm network and the internet, and the imposition of specific fees and charges on services that did not incur fees and charges in the past
在不少例子中，這些因素都促使零售銀行服務出現重大轉變，例如，出售某些業務結束分行擴展強制性公積金及保險等收費服務發展更具成本效益的服務渠道如櫃員機網路及網際網路，以及就過去無須徵費的具體服務收費。 -
Due to its outstanding advantages such as broad sensing - spectrum, high sensitivity and low cost, the theories and applications of bulk acoustic wave sensors have been developed rapidly during past ten years. now, its applications have been extended to the fields of pharmaceutical analysis, biochemistiy, molecular biology, genic engineering, clinic immunology, etc.
近幾十年來壓電體聲波傳感器由於具有響應譜廣、靈敏度高而又價格低廉的特點，在理論和應用方面均有長足的進步，已廣泛地用於藥物分析、生物化學及分子生物學、基因工程、臨床免疫學等領域。 -
In order to save the cost of the home robot, the robot with single camera as its outer sensor has become a popular research field during the past few years. we need a method to describe the environment so that the single camera can be used effectively. in this paper a novel algorithm named scale invariant feature transformation ( sift ) is used to extract the key points of the environment
為了利用單目視覺傳感器，需要一種相應的外界環境的描述方法，本文採用一種比例縮放不變的特徵點（ sift特徵點）來描述環境， sift特徵點具有比例縮放不變性，旋轉不變性和部分仿射不變性等優良性能，從而具有高度的可辨別性。 -
4 ) use of ev, the limite time and cost can be controlled exactly. overcome the past weakness depending on the experience
4 ）通過ev的應用，對工程項目的工期、成本進行精確的量化控制，克服了以往工程中對工期、成本憑經驗、靠估計的粗放管理的不足。 -
In past ten few, the target bid price reviewed has amounted to 3. 5 billion rmb, total engineering cost estimation value has amounted to 4. 8 billion rmb with saved fund of about 0. 7 billion rmb
近十年來已完成編制審核工程標底35億元、審核概預估算工程金額累計48億元，節約資金7億元左右。 -
The frequent excess among adversarial papers of the past is a normal social cost of rigorous debate in a democracy.
一些敵對的報紙的超支常常是在民主問題上進行激烈爭論的正常的社會費用。 -
From the perspective of indirect cost, it also reveals the great transition of government - university relationship during the past 60 years
透過間接成本制度可以揭示政府大學關系在過去60年中的巨大變遷。 -
Phileas fogg, having shut the door of his house at half - past eleven, and having put his right foot before his left five hundred and seventy - five times, and his left foot before his right five hundred and seventy - six times, reached the reform club, an imposing edifice in pall mall, which could not have cost less than three millions
他右腳在左腳前移動了五百七十五次，左腳在右腳前面移動了五百七十六次之後，就到了改良俱樂部。這是一座高大的建築物，矗立在寶馬爾大街上，蓋這樣一個俱樂部，至少也要花三百萬英鎊。 -
As well as being high in energy and protein, plumpynut has in the past been high in cost
還有具高熱量和高蛋白， "穀物條"在過去要價很高。 -
It directly affects the engine ' s working reliability whether it ' s good or not. according to the past method, piston can only be decided whether it meets the need of engineering in test after it has been turn out. this paper simulates the real working condition of piston by combining the ked method and fe - contact analysis way. it reflects deforming rule of piston, and makes it possible that the structure problem of piston skirt can only be found during the design period, so the cost of developing new product is lowered and the time is shorted. this paper proves that the thought is practical and the result of simulation to piston lr4100 is in accord with practice
活塞裙部形線是活塞的關鍵結構之一，它的好壞直接影響發動機工作可靠性，以往的判定方法只有在活塞加工完成後，才能通過實驗方法判定設計，能否滿足工程實際的需要，本文通過ked方法與有限元接觸方法的結合，模擬實際活塞工作情況，較為準確的反映出，活塞裙部的變形規律，在設計階段發現活塞裙部的設計結構問題，節省新產品開發成本，縮短開發周期。 -
The 20th aaou annual conference, with the cited theme, intends to provide an international forum for all scholars, researchers, university presidents and managers, as well as policy - makers, to reflect on the strategies over the past ten years, cost - effectiveness, benefits and effects in choosing and using new technologies in odl, and to exchange views on its future prospects
將於2006年10月11日至14日于中國昆明舉辦的第20屆aaou年會選擇上述主題，希望為一切來自亞太地區和世界其他地區的有興趣的學者校長和教育決策者提供一個通過過去十多年中選擇和使用計算機的戰略成本效益效果進行反思和展望的平臺，有利於提高質量和效益效果。 -
The past couple of weeks, the average cost of self ? serve regular gas up to another 11 cents to a record 3 dollars, 18 cents in the latest lundberg survey
據蘭登博格最近的一次調查顯示，在過去數周自助普通汽油的均價上漲11美分達到了3 . 18美元。 -
The method of determining price is as follows : 1 ) for " oil pipelines ", that is pipelines that built depending on state finance appropriated money or enterprise modification fund in the past, the fixed price will be based on social average cost profit margin
二、天然氣管線運價採用「老線老價、新線新價、一線一價」 。確定價格的方法為： 1對「老管線」即過去用國家財政撥款或企業更改基金建設的管線，按社會平均成本利潤率定價。 -
The process of setting up the ship form main dimensions is mainly relied on the multivariate and stepwise regression in the past which based on the massive subsistent data including the main dimensions, light weight, storage capacity, stability and total cost and so on. with the appearance of the technology of ann and ai, the bp network is used predicting and simulating in all kinds of fields
船型主尺度要素的建立，以前主要採用的是基於數理統計理論的回歸分析方法，如多元回歸分析方法和逐步回歸分析方法等，它是建立在大量現有實船數據的基礎之上，對船型主尺度要素、空船重量、艙容、穩性和造價等要素進行統計回歸。 -
This change will lower the total visa cost for students, exchange visitors, journalists, and all temporary workers, who in the past were charged issuance fees for their visas in addition to the application fee
現在美國國務院已取消該項收費即香港旅行證件持有人在取得上述類別簽證時，免交簽證費。 -
Even if you find an nhs dentist, it ' s not all smiles : the cost of a filling has gone up from ? 14 to ? 43 in the past few years
即使你找一個nhs牙醫，你也笑不起來，牙醫診費最近幾年已經由14英鎊上升到43英鎊。 -
Firstly the paper analyzes the characteristic of the cost structure in the national commercial bank and points out that the activity - based costing system is the best method on the cost management. secondly the paper explains how to establish the cost counting system with abc ( activity - based costing ) and the cost analysis system with abm ( activity - based management ). finally the paper puts forward the suggestions to solve the several past cost problems
首先分析國有商業銀行的成本結構特性，得出結論：二維作業成本法是最佳的成本管理方法；其次建立以作業成本計算（ abc ）為基礎的成本計算系統，以作業管理（ abm ）為基礎的成本分析系統；最後解決國有商業銀行幾個歷史遺留的成本問題。
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