political transaction 中文意思是什麼
political transaction
解釋
政治交易- political : adj. 1. 政治（上）的；政策（上）的；政治學（上）的。2. 行政上的；政黨的，有政治組織的。adv. -ly 1. 政治上；政策上。2. 精明，巧妙。
- transaction : n 1 辦理，處理；交易；業務，事務。2 【法律】和解。3 〈pl 〉（學會等的）會議記錄；學報。4 【心理學...
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We conclude that the impact of transaction cost on the institutions for control is paramount because political actors can strategically design structure, procedures, and norm in order to mitigate their informational disadvantages and to enfranchise important constituencies into the regulatory process, thereby increasing the likelihood of obtaining desired policy outcomes from the agency
本文結論發現，交易成本對管制機構受政治控管的程度具有關鍵性的影響，而政治監督機構也會藉由制度結構設計、行政程序規?或特許授權等策略方式來彌補其在委代關系中的資訊劣勢情況，並避免管制行政機構的脫?行為。 -
His research interests have included property rights, transaction costs, economic organization in history, a theory of the state, the free rider problem ; and have focused on the formation of political and economic institutions and the consequences of these institutions on the performance of economies through time. that research was published by cambridge university press in institutions, institutional and economic performance
諾斯教授的研究興趣遍及產權、交易成本、歷史上的經濟組織、政體論、搭便車等問題，並集中研究政治和經濟制度的形成，以及這些制度對經濟表現的長遠影響，研究結果由劍橋大學出版社出版成書，題為《制度、制度的變革與經濟表現》 。 -
Transformation of political culture : transaction cost and institutionalization
交易費用與制度效率 -
The research on the price theory of the merchandise transaction is long - standing, the two theory systems are still affecting the economic life. the fundamental research on the intellectual merchandise can trace to the beginning of 20th century, a lot of scholars have yielded the substantial result in this domain, both renowned political scientists and the economists
以技術經濟學、信息經濟學、制度經濟學、博弈論等理論為基礎，構建了知識商品交易價格理論體系的四層次框架，剖析了知識商品交易從最本質內涵到外在價格運行機制的理論體系，並提出了知識商品交易價格可行閾的界定和最優價格策略模型。 -
In reviewing the theoretical development of related literatures, our emphases are on the reasons why the same theoretical framework, be it called the transaction cost economics, principal - agent theory, or nie ( neo - institutional economics ), is used to arrive at divergent perspectives on the political control of regulatory agency, which as a result underlines the difficulties inherent in understanding the nature of political governance
本文首先檢閱以交易成本經濟學、委託代理理論，或新制度經濟學等為基礎的管制機構政治控管觀點，並企圖了解為何這些類似的概念架構卻往往衍生出分歧性的結論。 -
M & a is a kind of market - oriented business practice, so there are potentially huge risks under the significant expected benefits. the targeted enterprise of m & a transaction is a complex integration of dynamic assets including technology, personnel, equipment and market. furthermore, the cross - border merger and acquisition ( cbm & a ) will face many other external changes including political, economic, legal, and cultural differences and risks
但是企業並購是以市場為導向的商業行為，可觀的預期效益下潛伏著巨大的風險，而且並購交易的對象是集技術、人才、設備及市場為一體的動態資產，同時跨國並購面臨著政治、經濟、法律、文化等諸多外部壞境的變化，其可變要素給並購交易帶來了難以預測的各種風險。 -
On the one hand the macro - transaction cost are classified into market transaction cost, governance transaction cost, political transaction cost and merit - culture transaction cost, and the author has contrasted the transaction cost between agriculture and industry. on the other hand the author has contrasted microscopically the transaction cost of production, living, the labor force shifts, the innovations and the appliance of technology between the rural and the city
一方面以宏觀視角將交易費用劃分為市場型交易費用、管理型交易費用、政治型交易費用和道德文化型交易費用，並在工與農、城與鄉之間進行了比較分析;另一方面以微觀視角從生活、生產、剩餘勞動力轉移、科技創新與成果轉化四個方面對比分析了工與農、城與鄉之間的交易費用差距。 -
As such, we provide a recent development of more coherent body of literatures that take into account the distinctiveness of political institution and transaction so as to set a research agenda different from that of the interpretive tradition
本文其次將對相關競爭觀點作一整合性分析，以探索制度對政治控管的真正影響，並克服傳統理論架構解釋分歧的限制。
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