population replacement level 中文意思是什麼

population replacement level 解釋
更替水平
  • population : n. 1. 人口；人口總數；全體居民；人口的聚居。2. 物的全體[總數]；【生物學】蟲口；種群（量）；群體；族，組，個數；【統計學】對象總體，全域。3. 【物理學】布居；密度。4. 〈罕用語〉殖民。
  • level : n 1 水平儀，水準儀；水準測量。2 水平線，水平面；水平狀態；平面，平地。3 水平，水準；水位；標準；...
  1. From the viewpoint of the interactive relationship between modern pension scheme and productivity, this paper observed the function and prospect of occupational pensions in china within a background consisting of population structure, labor productivity, and finance environment, utilized simulation and scenario analysis in actuarial models to estimate and analyze the effect of occupational pensions in the replacement rate of urban retired employees, then pointed out the magnification effect of occupational pensions in increasing the replacement rate and the higher efficiency in improving retirement income of urban retired employees. it also predicted the size expectation of occupational pensions during 2002 - 2010 in china, described the function of occupational pensions in developing the capital market and improving the labor productivity, especially emphasized the higher probability of occupational pensions to play the role of institutional investors compared with basic pension. in short, this paper proved the positive meaning of developing occupational pensions from micro - level and macro - level respectively, and brought forward corresponding policy suggestions

    本文立足於現代社會養老保險制度與生產力之間的互動關系這一視角，把對我國企業年金作用與發展空間的考察置於包括人口結構、勞動生產率、金融環境等諸多因素的經濟大背景下，在精算模型中運用模擬（ simulation ）和情景分析方法，對企業年金對我國退休職工養老保險收入替代率的影響進行了定量分析和預測，指出了企業年金在提高退休職工收入替代率方面的放大作用，以及比基本養老保險在提高退休職工收入方面的更高效率；並對我國企業年金2002年- 2010年的預計發展規模做了預測，闡述了企業年金對我國發展資本市場和提高勞動生產率的意義，著重指出了企業年金較之基本養老保險基金充當資本市場機構投資者的更大可能性。
  2. 17. when fertility drops to a particularly low level below replacement and the mortality rate remains low, the pace of population aging inevitably quickens

    17 .若生育率下降至遠低於更替水平，而死亡率繼續維持在低水平，人口老化無可避免會加快。
  3. When fertility drops to a particularly low level below replacement and the mortality rate remains low, the pace of population aging inevitably quickens. the overall dependency ratio is projected to rise from 381 in 2002 to 562 in 2031. the elderly dependency ratio is expected to increase gradually from 158 in 2002 to 198 in 2016, followed by a marked rise to 380 in 2031

    二零零二年，每千人的撫養率是381 ；到二零三一年，每千人的撫養率估計會上升至562 ；而老年撫養率會由二零零二年的158 ，逐漸上升至二零一六年的198 ；到了二零三一年，更會顯著上升至380 。
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