positive interdependence 中文意思是什麼

positive interdependence 解釋
具有正面意義的相互依賴
  • positive : adj 1 確實的，明確的；確定的；無條件的 （opp qualified implied inferential）; 絕對的，無疑問的，...
  • interdependence : n. 互相依賴，互相依存。
  1. When examining the combining effect of different interdependence, some researchers consider two sources of positive interdependence are powerful than one

    當對不同的互賴技術的聯合效應進行研究時，有些研究者認為兩種來源的積極互賴比一種要更有效。
  2. Another study ( johnson et al., 1990 ) also showed that combination of positive goal and resource interdependence promoted higher individual achievement and group productivity than any of the other conditions, indicating that two sources of positive interdependence are more powerful than one

    Johnson兄弟等人（ 1990 ）所做的實驗表明，既有積極目標互賴又有資源互賴的被試比實驗中其它任何條件更能促進個人成就和效率，也就是兩種積極互賴比一種更有利。
  3. The essential components of cooperation are positive interdependence, face - to - face promotive interaction, individual and accountability, interpersonal and small group skills, and group processing. the first arid most important element is positive interdependence

    一般認為，合作學習的基本要素包括五個（ johnson & johnson ， 1993 ） ，即積極互賴、面對面的促進性互動、個體和小組責任、人際和小組技能、小組自評。
  4. There are five essential components that must be present for small - group learning to be truly collaborative. they are ( l ) clear, positive interdependence among students, ( 2 ) regular group self - evaluation, ( 3 ) interpersonal behaviors that promote each member ' s learning and success, ( 4 ) individual accountability and personal responsibility, and ( 5 ) frequent use of appropriate interpersonal and small group social skills

    要使小組學習真正具有協作性，必須具備五個要素，它們是： （ 1 ）學生之間清晰明顯的相互依賴性； （ 2 ）經常的小組評價； （ 3 ）促進學習成果的組員間交互； （ 4 ）個體任務和職責； （ 5 ）頻繁使用的人際和小組社交技能。
  5. Studies conducted by mesch et al. ( 1986, 1988 ) and lew et al. ( 1986a ) indicated that although positive goal interdependence is sufficient to produce higher achievement and productivity than individual structure, the combination of goal and rewards interdependence is even more effective

    Mesch等（ 1986 ， 1988 ）和lew等（ 1986a ）的研究表明，盡管目標互賴與個人單干結構相比足以產生較高的成就和效率，但目標互賴和獎賞互賴的結合更有效。
  6. Positive interdependence exists when one realizes that he is linked with others so that he can only succeed if he coordinates his effort with the effort of others to complete a task

    積極互賴是指在合作學習的情境中，學生們要認識到他們不僅要為自己的學習負責，而且還要為其所在的小組的其他同伴的學習負責。
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