preventing collisions 中文意思是什麼
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The core of the problem solving is a knowledge - base which is compatible with the principles of " international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972 ", the ordinary practice of seamen and good seamanship, acceptable by mariners and marine experts
解決該問題的核心在於建立一個既能體現《 1972年國際海上避碰規則》的原則，又符合海員通常做法，且能為航海人員和專家所接受的知識庫。 -
On account of the circumstances, this article attempts to study the system of burden of proof and the principle of its allocation in the collision actions, and then, based on the character of legal system in china and theories of maritime judgement, it tries to analyse the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, dig out some problems and put forward some idio - points of view. in the last section of this thesis, the author analyses and inquires into how to institute a rule of burden of producing evidence for collision actions in our country and deems which is propitious to keep the development of shipping in order
有鑒于上述現狀，本文立足於本國法制特徵，在先輩的民事舉證責任制度理論成果基礎上，借鑒英美典型海事判例確定的舉證責任原則，對船舶碰撞中的舉證責任及其分配製度進行了考察；並從舉證責任分配規則的理論角度對1972年《國際海上避碰規則》進行了大膽的評析，在發現問題的基礎上提出了一些個人的觀點，以作為海事司法實踐的參考。 -
Research about wig rules of the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972 2001 amendment
2001年修正案有關地效船條款探討 -
Several kind of situations easy wrongly to understand regulations for preventing collisions
容易錯誤理解避碰規則的幾種情況 -
The intermission and ellipsis of sentence elements in international regulations for preventing collisions at sea
英文版海上避碰規則中句子成份的間隔和省略 -
Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, london, 20. 10. 1972, with international regulations
1972年10月20日訂于倫敦的《國際海上避碰規則公約》和國際海上避碰規則 -
Imo has set down the 《 international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, 》 especially to apply to " all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels "
國際海事組織現行的《 1972年國際海上避碰規則》就是專門為「在公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶」而制定的避免碰撞事故發生的目的性法規。 -
( 3 ) presenting in - depth research and discussion on the solution of the 2 puzzles by taking ais information as the data - source of aas. ( 4 ) researching on the acquisition and processing method of basic navigation data from ais, such as relative course, relative speed, distance, bearing, cpa and tcpa of target ship. ( 5 ) designing the abaas ( ais based automatic anti - collision system ) collision avoidance scheme and establishing the principle of collision avoidance of own ship and designing the new principle of actions for the collision avoidance using the news data of ais according to the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, by calculating the risk of collision and consideration of the division of the three kinds of ship encounter
對于基於ais的自動避碰決策方法進行了深入研究，分析了國內外專家對于碰撞危險度的研究成果，並提出了確定碰撞危險度的方法；借鑒國內外專家的見解，對避碰規則規定的三種會遇局面進行了定量的分析並對避碰行動局面進行了劃分；提出了互見條件下兩船會遇中本船避碰責任和行動判斷的原則；制定了兩船會遇避碰方案和多船會遇避碰方案；針對從ais得到的他船航行狀態信卜汕燈運學1 ； t幀卜學位論義杜十川s的船舶自動避隴決策系統的應用研究，以設zf了符合現則欲八條大十船舶m災仟的避碰原則方沾。 -
By utilizing the busy tones to realize the multicast reliability, rmac has three novelties : it uses a variable - length control frame to stipulate an order for the receivers to respond, thus solving the feedback collision problem ; it extends the usage of busy tone for preventing data frame collisions into the multicast scenario ; and it introduces a new usage of busy tone for acknowledging data frames positively
例如， ieee 802 . 11 ，現今應用最廣泛的無線mac協議，僅在單播unicast通信方式下提供可靠數據傳輸服務，而對于組播和廣播兩種通信方式，它僅傳輸數據一次，即使數據傳輸出錯，也不會重傳。然而近幾年來，由於無線網路應用的蓬勃發展，人們逐漸認識到在mac層提供可靠組播服務是非常必要的。 -
Whereas the character of collision cases, the principle of burden of proof in civil actions must be embodied and consummated before applied in these cases, other than followed simply. at the same time, international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, which is the law ruling the area of collisions of ships, needs to be studied deeply
船舶碰撞訴訟的特殊性和專業性決定了其舉證責任制度除應遵循民事訴訟中舉證責任制度的原則規定外，還需要具體問題具體分析，結合船舶碰撞案的實際情況，將民訴法中有關舉證責任的制度在適用上進行具體化和完善化。
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