price equilibrium 中文意思是什麼

In this paper, we study the trading model based on the project " the network market ", which was implemented by the chongqing electronic commerce inc and us. aiming at the shortage of trading model in " the network market ", we employ game theory and multi - criteria decision theory, introduce the matchmaking schema based on price and quantity into electronic commerce application, bring forward a market matchmaking trading model including five phases : market matchmaking, reinforce learning, biliteral negotiation, contract signing, contract executing. the main work and conclusion as follows : considering the behaviour of multi - buyers with multi - sellers, we realise a matchmaking model based on the price and quantity through double auction mechanism under discriminatory and non - discriminatory price situation, analyse the incentive compatibility and competitive equilibrium of the mechanism

主要研究成果如下:針對多個買家與多個賣家的交易行為，提出一種撮合交易模型?採用價格和數量作為撮合要素，以雙重拍賣機制為撮合手段，重點研究均價和差價形式下的實現機制，並對其激勵相容性和市場均衡進行理論分析?為增強市場效率，論文提出了一種針對雙重拍賣的學習機制，它以三參數學習模型為基礎進行改進，藉助交易歷史信息，實現交易代理的自我學習

Usually, the stability of individual commodity market price fluctuation is studied based on supply - demand equilibrium, called as " cobweb model "

通常，關于單商品市場價格波動的穩定性問題，是在供需均衡的條件下進行研究的，稱為「蛛網模型」 。

The dynamic change and the stability of the generalized cobweb models such as model one are studied, including setting up the models and giving the economic meanings ; dynamic analysis on model one and proving that the price array produced by model one wo n ' t emerge above the third cycle movement and chaos ; stability analysis on model one and obtaining six theorems about the stability of equilibrium price. chapter four, analysis on some specialized cobweb models. this is the second key part of the thesis

主要研究了對形如模型（ ）的一般化蛛網模型的動態分析與穩定性問題，主要包括三個方面工作：一是建立模型並給出經濟含義；二是對模型進行動態分析，證明了由模型（ ）所生成的價格系列在一定的條件下不會出現3以上周期運動和混沌現象；三是對模型進行穩定性分析，並得到模型（ ）關于均衡價格穩定的六個定理。

The main content is to study the stability of some cobweb models in which supply or demand curves are given nonlinear form. researches on the stability are done and the existent conditions and stable regions about equilibrium price are obtained. chapter five, application of logistic equation in cobweb models

第四章：對具體幾個蛛網模型的分析本章是本文研究的核心和重點之二，主要研究了對于供給函數或需求函數為特定非線性形式的幾個蛛網模型的動態分析與穩定性問題，分別對需求函數或供給函數為非線性函數時的蛛網模型，進行了動態分析和穩定性分析，從而得出了其均衡價格的存在條件及穩定區間。

This article utilizes the questionnaire survey and the scene investigation method, conducts the investigation and study to the yangtze river delta area silk expense in the foundation, the utilization supplies and the demand balanced analysis theory, the time series law, the tendency pre - measurement, the season analyzes the pre - measurement, the elastic analysis theory, as well as method and so on return analytic method carries on the comprehensive analysis to the cocoon silk profession, promulgates the influence cocoon silk profession development in order to the restriction factor, and seeks corresponding solution silk market long - term equilibrium and weakens the price undulation frequent countermeasure

本文運用問卷調查和現場調查方法，對長江三角洲地區的絲綢消費進行調查研究的基礎上，運用供給和需求均衡分析理論、時間序列法，趨勢預測法，季節分析預測法，彈性分析理論，以及回歸分析法等方法對繭絲綢行業進行全面的剖析，以求揭示影響繭絲綢行業發展的制約因素，並尋求相應解決絲綢市場長期均衡和減弱價格波動頻繁的對策。

The result shows that, in condition of fixed price contract, coordination incentive of multi - objects can not only actualize pareto improvement of the two contracting sides and prevent moral hazard of the contractor, but also can promote the contractor to improve its efforts and to allocate its resources rationally in multi - objects so as to realize coordination equilibrium improvement among the multi - objects through providing a balanced incentive combination

結果表明，在固定總價合同下，從多目標角度實施協調激勵，不僅可以實現雙方收益的帕累托改善，防範承包商的道德風險；而且通過提供均衡的激勵組合策略，可以使得承包商在多目標控制上提高併合理分配自己的努力水平或資源，從而實現項目多控制目標之間的協調均衡改善。

A comparative study of production price theory and equilibrium price theory

生產價格理論與均衡價格理論比較研究

Following this idea, considering the serious information asymmetry and personal expect utility maximization in the double auction, we intends to construct a bidding model on bayesian nash equilibrium based on incomplete information games, consequently obtain a solution on each private values and maximum forecast price and minimum forecast price on the marketing. then, we analyze in detail the characters and possibilities of the offer strategy by means of computer simulation according to the experimental economics

在此基礎上，考慮到雙向拍賣中存在的信息嚴重不對稱和個人期望效用最大化，構造了該拍賣模式中基於不完全信息博弈的貝葉斯納什均衡模型並求解，獲得一個關于各自估價和市場最高及最低預測價格的線性函數的報價策略。

Equilibrium quantity ( qe ) is the amount of a goods in which there is no tendency to change because the quntity demand is equal to the quantity supplied at the given price

均衡數量是指某時商品在沒有改變的趨勢時的數量，此時，在指定價格下，需求量與供給量相等。

In order to maximize their interests, the p owers of the demander and supplier will reach equilibrium and the price of trade policies, such as tariff rate and other non - tariff trade barriers will be cleared in the political market, which determine the pattern and extent of trade protection

各種利益集團和政策制定者出於個人利益最大化的考慮，必然產生符合自身利益的貿易政策需求和供給，而貿易保護政策的價格，例如關稅稅率、非關稅壁壘（例如配額、許可證的數量等）則在政治市場上出清，從而決定了貿易保護政策選擇的形式和程度。

Both indicative equilibrium price and indicative equilibrium volume are continuously re - calculated and updated each time a new order is input during the order input period and pre - order matching period

系統于輸入買賣盤時段及對盤前時段里每次收到新盤時都會重新計算參考的平衡價格（ iep ）及參考平衡成交量（ iev ） 。

This paper presents a type of electric power bidding mechanisms based on sealed - hid auction theory, and models generation company ' s equilibrium bidding with order statistic principle, in which the cases that the same and different generation capacity among generation companys is considered, then analyzes the relation between the market clear price and bidding mechanism to explore the optimal bidding mechanism from the view of market efficiency

摘要基於暗標拍賣理論，提出了一類電力競價機制，然後運用次序統計量方法，分別對發電容量相同與不同的發電商組成的電力競價市場，構建發電商的均衡報價模型；在模型求解基礎上，分析競價機制對市場清除價的影響，以從市場效率的角度探求最優電力競價機制。

Demand functions and decision - making behaviors of the bid participants are discussed and based on the asymmetric static games, the equilibrium price and the optimized quotation of bidders in bidding appraisal procedurement are forecast

根據招標人和投標人的需求函數和決策方式，採用不對稱信息動態博弈預測執行議標程序時的均衡價格和投標人最優報價。

Factor price equalisation with asymmetric factor mobility has proven to be a painful process, although, when equilibrium is achieved, we will be able to benefit much more fully than now from the rapid economic expansion of the mainland

中港生產要素價格均衡，加上生產要素流動性的不對稱，為我們帶來了不少痛苦。盡管中港兩地最終達致均衡時我們從內地經濟迅速增長的得益會比現在大得多，但目前的情況實在不好受。

One is increasing the corn demand another is decreasing supply and the other is combining the increase demand with decrease supply. the former ways lead to the price in higher level and the macro - control measures are invalidity. it is impossible to achieve and it is an unstable equilibrium. but the corn price is a little higher than the international corn price by the third way

前兩種途徑使玉米的市場價格仍維持在目前的價格水平上，宏觀調控措施單一，是不太可能實現的，是一種不穩定的均衡；而第三種途徑使玉米市場的價格略高於國際市場均衡價格，政府宏觀調控空間增大，是可能實現的，也是一種較為穩定的均衡。

Because of last a century industry revolution is with the technology creative since behave type history precept for educating the glorious material civilization of with spiritual civilization, again making the nature ecosystem the environment suffering the bigness wound ; face with the large quantity that economic development mode consume the nature resources, break the ecosystem environment to price to give the our country small town developments of a nice bit of inside the negative influence that bring before, if over - emphasize in the moment economic " performance ", the regardless of farsighted ecosystem is equilibrium, and escape from to be the ground seriously economy, culture foundation with same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; with the same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; people who reply 21 century pursue the whole body heart the health the life style that develop relation towards publicly exist with movable environment request more and more of high and rigorous challenge, this lesson " inside small town environment design way of thinking research ", then " insist put can into practice keep on develop strategy, exactitude handle economy with population, resources, environment, improvement ecosystem environment with beautify to live the environment, improvement public facilities is with the social welfare facilities. found to produce the development hard, life wealthy with the leading that the good civilization of ecosystem develop the road " for total thought, then " unify programming, reasonable layout, is proper because of the ground system, each have special features, protect farmland, beautify environment, synthesize development, kit developments " for the basic way, regarding related research result of domestic and international expert ' s scholar as draw lessons from, then " create to set up clean, beautiful, quite and public environment, outstanding character image, expand the region ecosystem the vogue, and promote the economic society and environment can keep on developing, and realize the economy develop to win with environmental protection double " for design the target

鑒于上一世紀產業革命和科技創新既為人類造就出輝煌物質文明和精神文明，又使自然生態環境遭受到巨大創傷的歷史教訓；面臨以往以大量消耗自然資源、破壞生態環境為代價的經濟發展模式給我國相當多的中小城鎮建設帶來的負面影響，如偏重眼前經濟「效益」 ，不顧長遠生態平衡，嚴重脫離當地經濟、文化基礎和自然地理條件，盲目模仿同一模式，因而導致本土特色與傳統文化喪失，形象單一，千城一面等；應對21世紀人們追求全身心健康發展的生活方式對公共生存與活動環境要求越來越高的嚴峻挑戰，本課題「中小城鎮環境設計思路研究」 ，以「堅持實施可持續發展戰略，正確處理經濟同人口、資源、環境的關系，改善生態環境和美化生活環境，改善公共設施和社會福利設施。努力開創生產發展、生活富裕和生態良好的文明發展道路」為總的指導思想，以「統一規劃、合理布局、因地制宜、各具特色、保護耕地、優化環境、綜合開發、配套建設」為根本方針，以國內外專家學者相關研究成果為借鑒，以「創建清潔、優美、寧靜的公共環境，突出個性形象，弘揚地域生態風尚，促進經濟社會與環境可持續發展，實現經濟發展與環境保護雙贏」為設計目標。並緊緊圍繞這一目標對中小城鎮的街區環境設計、建築特色設計、建築形象設計、自然環境設計、藝術形象設計、廣場景觀設計、住宅小區設計、生態環境設計、文化建設以及總體環境設計的定位等，展開了具體的思路研究與探討。

Competitive equilibrium price

競爭性均衡價格

In this thesis, firstly, we give an introduction and analysis to the complexity adaptive system and artificial life which are the mainstream research harvest currently. secondly, we provide a supplement to some theory include stream, diversity and adaptive agent. at last, on the basis of the theories, we complete a validating to the nature selection and heredity variance in computer, a basic conceiving about learning species and a validate model of the theories of the origins of currency and price equilibrium

本文對這方面最主流的研究成果復雜適應系統及人工生命的研究工作作了分析與介紹，並就其中的流、多樣性、適應性主體等理論作了自己的補充，最後我們結合對這些理論的認識，完成了自然選擇及遺傳變異的初步驗證、學習物種的基本構思、貨幣產生及市場價格均衡理論驗證的模型構建，在後續的工作中，我們除了繼續未完成的工作外，還將添加許多新的理論驗證。

In chapter3, information is divided into two basic types, the marginal equation of bond price and short - term interest variations is established, thus the security price variations and the price equilibrium of other assets ( risk security non - risk security are included ) are analyzed by the implement of portfolio theory. finally the bond value equation which takes equilibrium return as its yield parameter is established through the theory of comparative return. in chapter 4, the intra - information and the transferable system of price is emphasized and the market - maker model and expected model under non - perfect information market conditions are established, and the disaccord of the influence of extra - information and intra - information on the security price is discussed

第三章將債券的價格均衡劃分為兩大基本類型，建立了債券與短期利率變動的邊際方程，運用組合原理分析債券價格變動與其它資產（包括風險證券和無風險證券）的價格均衡關系，通過比較收益原理建立了債券以市場均衡收益為折現參數的價值方程，並通過實證檢驗了該模型的合理性；第四章，分析了內部信息與價格的傳導原理，建立了非完全信息市場條件下價格傳遞信息的做市商模型和預期模型，並討論外部信息與內部信息對股票價格影響的非一致性。

Macroeconomic price equilibrium mechanism of futures market

論期貨市場的宏觀價格均衡機制