pricing economy 中文意思是什麼
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In this paper, we mainly analyze the pricing strategy of digital products under the network economy environment. digital products are the results of the development of information technology with three characteristics of indestructibility, transmutability and reproductivity
數字化產品是信息技術發展的產物，在網路經濟環境下的數字化產品的具有與傳統產品截然不同的特性，包括非破壞性、可改變性和可復制性三種物理特點。 -
Optimal power flow is an analyzing and optimizing method of power networks, considering economy and security at the same time. it has been widely applied to secure operation, economic dispatch, energy management and pricing of electric power, etc. with the fast development of power market, the importance of practical uses of opf is standing out increasingly
最優潮流（ opf ）是一種同時考慮經濟性和安全性的電力網路分析和優化方法，在電力系統的安全運行、經濟調度、可靠性分析、能量管理以及電力定價等方面得到了廣泛的應用。 -
The need to improve trade and pricing policies and to reform institutions is no less important in agriculture than in the economy as a whole.
定價和貿易政策需要改進，體制需要改革，這對農業來說，其重要性比對整個經濟的重要性一點也不差。 -
Capital and assets pricing theory and market economy
資本資產定價理論與市場經濟 -
With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。 -
Two - class price discrimination is the classical theory in the economy, is a effective pricing method
二度價格歧視是經濟學中的經典理論，是一種有效的定價方法。 -
The bursting of the property price bubble dampened considerably the demand for mortgage finance. with the general demand for credit also remaining subdued as a result of the slow economy, there was a surplus of liquidity among the banks, resulting in much more competitive pricing for such traditionally good quality assets as home mortgages
物業價格泡?爆破令按揭貸款需求大為減少，加上經濟放緩下對信貸的整體需求疲弱，促使銀行體系流動資金過剩，引發住宅按揭貸款這類傳統優良資產的利率極具競爭力。 -
She won scholarships from bank of china and kowloon chamber of commerce to support her studies. agnes was also a hostel tutor at lingnan for two years. her thesis is entitled international transfer pricing in a developing economy context : perspective from the taxpayers and the tax authorities. professor chan koon hung, chair professor and head of department of accounting and finance, is her thesis supervisor
羅慧儀所發表的畢業論文題目為從納稅人與稅務局的角度看發展中經濟制度之轉讓定價international transfer pricing in a developing economy context : perspectives from the taxpayers and the tax authorities ，論文導師為嶺大會計及財務學繫系主任陳冠雄教授。 -
In the latter case, an offensive pricing strategy based on scale economy and experience curve has resulted in a secure leading position in the microwave oven market with an absolute control of the market
其利用規模經濟、經驗曲線而進行的進攻性定價策略，使其牢牢地把握著中國的微波爐市場，成為該市場的絕對領導者。 -
Chinese stock market was born and developed in a special period during the shift from the planned economy to the market economy. we saw the pricing process from government - oriented to market - oriented
我國的股票市場是在由計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡的特殊歷史時期誕生並發展起來的，新股發行定價方式經歷了由行政定價逐步向市場化定價演變的過程。 -
Since china has transferred gradually from a planned economy into a market - oriented economy, state - owned enterprises want to realize separating property rights from operation rights. at the same time, ipo in china also undergo from administration pricing to market pricing
由於我國正處在經濟轉軌時期，國有企業正逐步實現「所有權」與「經營權」相分離，對應的首次公開發行也經歷著由行政定價向市場定價的過渡。 -
Study of the railway passenger - ticket pricing and velocity benefit under the condition of market economy
市場經濟條件下鐵路旅客票價及速度效益分析 -
In accordance with the requirement for establishing a socialist market economy, we carried out important reforms in fiscal taxation, finance, foreign currency, foreign trade, investment, pricing, and the circulation system
根據建設社會主義市場經濟體制的要求，我們對財稅、金融、外匯、外貿、投資、價格和流通體制進行了重大改革。 -
This article is focused on the opportunities and challenges from the further reformations of state - owned enterprise, the adjustments of the size and structure of state - owned economy and the structure of industry. description and analysis are performed on the pricing model of china ' s state - owned assets for the large enterprises and medium and small enterprises respectively, using the pricing model theory for market economy and on the basis of the analysis for the background and major issues of further reformation for state - owned enterprise. then the conception of a scientific pricing model for the state - owned assets is raised
本文著眼于國企深化改革、國有經濟規模結構和產業分佈結構調整面臨的機遇和挑戰，在對國企深化改革的背景和面臨的主要問題進行分析的基礎上，運用市場經濟條件下的價格機制理論，從國資大企業、中小企業兩個層面對我國國有資產定價機制進行描述和分析，進而提出了作者對構建科學的國有資產定價機制的構想。 -
Through investigation, among the fies suffering a loss at present, many are the ones that always run at a loss but never breakdown. this is obviously not in line with the market economy rules and enterprise operation routines. it suggests that many fies have the action of tax avoidance, and using the strategy of transfer pricing is the most often used method of tax avoidance for the foreign investors in the chinese mainland
經調查，目前虧損的「三資」企業中，許多是「常虧不倒戶」 ，這顯然不符合市場經濟的法則和企業經營常規，說明不少外商投資企業有避稅或偷稅行為，而利用轉移定價避稅是目前外商在中國大陸最常用的手法。 -
Study on water pricing model under the condition of market economy
基於市場經濟條件下的水價模型研究 -
Using the basic principle of the network economy, the second part emphatically makes analysis of the controversial focus of the case from the perspectives of critical mass, positive feedback effects, consumer expectation, locking - in & irreversibiry and compatibility & industrial standard. the third part analyzes the other problems of the case, such as the pricing of the windows, bundling sale, etc. the last part concludes the above analysis and puts forward some positive suggestions
本文利用網路經濟學的基本原理，著重從臨界規模、正反饋效應、網路效應、消費者預期、鎖定和不可逆性、兼容性及產業標準六個方面對微軟壟斷案的爭論焦點進行分析，同時也對該案的其他問題如windows定價、捆綁銷售等進行了分析，得出了與傳統經濟理論不一致的結論，並提出了幾個富有建設性的反思。 -
On the basis of introducing the evolvement of natural gas well - head price and analyzing the natural gas well - head cost, this part studied the pricing method of " cost add profits ". and then this part mainly studied the pricing model of natural gas well - head price in china, and finally gave an example for illustrating the effect of the model. in the fifth part, the thesis studied the regulation economy of natural gas transportation rate in china
但在研究過程中，作者綜合運用經濟學、管理學原理和方法，利用最優化等數學工具，通過刻苦鉆研，基本實現了天然氣收費規制研究中定性?定量的結合，使論文具有較高的理論水平和較強的實踐指導性，論文的主要創新之處是：形成較為系統全面的天然氣收費規制經濟理論體系：結合中國實際，運用定量方法研究了天然氣的收費規制經濟問題。 -
The research of domestic scholars on load pricing is rather bits and pieces and lack systematic. further more it did not analysis in - depth the meaning and applicability of the model parameters and empirical data did not considerate fully transition economy circumstance
而國內學者對我國商業銀行在利率市場化進程中的貸款定價研究相當零散，缺乏系統性，沒有深入分析模型參數的含義和適用性，實證數據沒有充分考慮我國轉軌經濟環境。 -
In market economy, the price is a key competition means, so enterprise must correctly utilize the pricing strategy ; the research on pricing strategy has been extremely significant
在市場經濟中，價格是一種主要的競爭手段，企業必須正確地運用定價策略，定價策略的研究具有十分重要的意義。
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