pricing formula 中文意思是什麼
pricing formula
解釋
定價公式-
Evading risk in financial trading market cries for pricing options to a nicety. asian option, as the most flourish options in the finace market, the pricing has been focused on always. the exact pricing formula for the geometric average asian option had existed, but as to the european - style arithmetic average asian option, due to the dependence structure between the prices of the underlying asset, no analytical formula exists. on the hypothesis that the market is frictionless and without transaction costs 、 on the base of b - s ’ s and in the binomial tree model, we provide several algorithms for computing an accurate value of the european - style arithmetic average asian option. following rogers and shi and by jensen ’ s inequality, many different upper and lower bounds are provided ; meanwhile a formula have got by the comonotonicity and approximating the distribution function. all of the algorithms are easy for programming. with the development of computer, more accurater price can be computed quickly. and numerical example proved that these algorithms are very accurate
對于幾何平均亞式期權它的定價相對簡單，已經給出了定價公式。對于算術平均亞式期權，它的未定權益具有軌道依賴特性，一直沒有得到它的定價方程的解析解形式。本文基於對市場是無摩擦且在沒有交易費用的情況下，在b - s模型下，利用二叉樹模型給出了算術平均亞式期權定價方法;並總結了利用jensen 』 s不等式給出的各種不同情況下的上下界;同時應用共單調性和近似分佈函數的方法也給出了算術平均亞式期權價格的近似公式。 -
" this pricing formula is specified in the tender for commercial assessment. tenderers are required to provide an initial ceiling price of auto - lpg price till february 2002 and their operational cost element for about 20 years, " he said
他說：這個價格計算方案將會在投標書列明供商業衡量，投標人士須提出截至二二年二月止車用石油氣的預計最高售價，和他們在二十年內的運作成本元素。 -
On this basis, the paper mainly proves that the value process { v ( t tl h, s ) ; 0 t t } of european continuous - time knock - out double - barrier put option is a martingale in the complete market without transaction costs, and the martingale property of single - barrier put option is given. at the same time, the pricing problem of american knock - out double - barrier put option is also being discussed, and the formula for determining its value at any time t ( 0 t t ) is obtained
在此基礎上，本文主要證明了在不存在交易成本的完全市場條件下連續時間歐式觸銷式雙障礙賣權貼現到0時刻的價值過程{ v （ t _ l _ h ， s _ （ t _ l _ h ） ） ； 0 t t ） }為鞅，並且給出了對應單障礙賣權價值過程的鞅性質。 -
Tenders will be assessed in both technical and commercial aspects, with an auto - lpg pricing formula being used as an assessment tool
政府將就技術和商業兩方面衡量投標書，並以車用石油氣價格計算方案作為衡量工具。 -
To put it another way, can we jump from the capital asset pricing model, which looks one period into the future, to the discounted - cash - flow formula for valuing long - lived assets
換一種說法，我們能夠從關注未來一個期間的資本資產定價模型跳躍至用來對長期資產估值的貼現現金流公式嗎？ -
It also studies the problem of real option pricing when the underlying assets follow the pure jump poisson, mixed jump - diffusion merton and mean - reversion model, and obtains the price formula or partial differential equation to price and hedge the real option. when the value of real option can not separate from the value of project, or the uncertainties are endogenous to real option holder, it is difficult to pricing the real option by the ways of no - arbitrage. in this paper we present a approach named valuation with comparison, its basic point is to value the project or program with flexibility by means of decision tree analysis ( dta ) and stochastic dynamic programming ( sdp ), and the results are compared with that of non - flexibility, finally,
當實物期權的價值不能從項目價值中分離出來，或者影響基本資產價格的不確定性內生於期權的持有者時，此時實物期權的價值一般難以直接利用無套利方法得到，本文通過對現有文獻進行歸納，提出一種比較定價法，其基本要點是利用決策樹、動態規劃法或二叉樹模型等技術來確定嵌有柔性的項目或方案的價值，然後將其與沒有柔性的項目或方案進行比較，從而獲得各種柔性的價值，作為這種方法的一個應用，本文研究了柔性勞動合約的設計與定價問題，研究表明，對企業重要員工採用長期勞動合約，而對一般員工採用短期合約可以節約勞動力使用成本。 -
Supposing the company ' s value satisfies a certain probability distribution, then, we can calculate the company ' s value in the future as well as its connotative undulation basing on the relationship and a certain option pricing formula, which is based on the supposing talked above. further, we can calculate the company ' s expected default frequency. by now, the goal to measuring the company ' s credit risk has realized
如果假設公司價值波動服從某一概率分佈，那麼根據與此概率分佈相對應的期權定價公式，以及股票價格波動率與公司資產價值波動率之間的函數關系，即可求出公司未來某個時點的期望價值及其隱含波動率，並進一步計算出此時點公司違約的概率，由此便實現了對公司信用評級的目的。 -
Provided that stock price process is a jump - diffusion process, the rate of return and the volatility are functions of time, the pricing formula of exponential european jump option can be obtained with the principle of equivalent martingale measure
摘要假定股票價格過程服從跳躍擴散過程，且無風險利率，股票收益率、波動率均為時間函數，利用等價鞅測度方法得出了支付函數為冪型的歐式期權定價公式。 -
Using equivalence martingale probability measure given permission to be installed once and twice with the european style options pricing formula, and focus on exploring the options pricing technically allowed to be loaded with a european - style options for the manager incentive options with the standard incentive comparative analysis
利用等價鞅概率測度給出允許再裝一次和兩次的歐式再裝期權的定價公式，並著重從期權定價技術上探討允許再裝一次的歐式再裝期權用於經理激勵與標準期權的激勵比較分析。 -
Finally, this paper explores the non - independence, the non - linearity, and the fractal of a strategic investment of a firm, and applies the fractional brownian motion formula for option pricing to evaluate the uncertainties of a strategic investment scientifically
最後，本文探討了公司戰略性投資的非獨立性、非線性及分形特徵，並運用不依賴獨立、正態分佈假定上的分數期權定價模型對戰略性投資的未來不確定性進行科學評估。 -
Q ( t ) ) dt + ( t ) dwtq ], and the interest rate of the riskless asset 、 the volatility rate and the dividend rate of stock are non - random functions of time, the pricing formula of two - points reset option is obtained by using martingale and stochastic analysis knowledge 。 following the thought of merton, chapter five depicts the asset price motion with ito
Q （ t ） ） dt + （ t ） dwtq ] ，且無風險利率、股息率以及波動率為時間的非隨機函數，並藉助鞅和隨機分析知識給出了兩點重設型期權的定價公式。第五章按照merton的思想，用以下ito -
The trigger time of decision - making is handled as random variables. after computing the expectation on the distribution function, the approximate solution can be got by employing numeric techniques to the target function that involves european option pricing formula
通過把決策觸發時間隨機化以及針對分佈函數求數學期望等手段，可以利用歐式期權定價公式得到問題的數值近似解。 -
On the assumption of continuous dividend of shares award, we ' ll establish such a model in the way that continuous dividend rates is attached to shares option pricing in jump process and work out the formula of average relationship between the rising and falling option and european rising option pricing all through martingale theory and stochastic analysis
摘要假定在股票支付連續紅利率的情況下，我們將建立支付連續紅利率服從跳過程的股票期權定價模型，並利用鞅論和隨機分析的方法給出歐式看漲期權定價模型及看漲和看跌期權的平價關系式。 -
Deducing the pricing formula of executive stock option ( eso ) which is different from black - scholes model in a new method called " certainty equivalence "
因此我們用「確定性等值」方法推導出不同於black - scholes模型的股票期權價值的定價公式。 -
Firstly, the article studies the classic black - scholes option pricing model and concludes the black - scholes option pricing formula with the risk - neutral valuation method
首先，對經典的black - scholes期權定價模型進行了分析，並利用風險中性定價方法推導出了black - scholes期權定價公式。 -
Considering the limitation in traditional investment risk decision - making and the options features in risk investment, the paper derives pricing formula in real options transaction, which has been applied in financial options
摘要鑒于風險投資決策傳統方法的局限性及風險投資的期權特性，根據金融期權的定價方法，引出實物期權的定價公式。 -
The stations would be awarded at nil premium to whichever tender is able to provide facilities by end 2000 and to offer the lowest price ceiling for auto - lpg deriving from a pricing formula, mr salkeld said
蘇啟表示，這些專用站會以無須繳地價的方式批給能於二零零零年年底提供設施，並按價格計算方案提出車用石油氣售價上限的最低標書。 -
The pricing formula of barrier option based on the geometric average assets
障礙期權推廣到幾何平均資產情況下的定價公式 -
Option pricing formula under stochastic level of interest rates
利率服從馬爾可夫過程時的期權定價 -
The paper is composed of five chapters the first chapter first introduces the concept, characteristics and the course of development of the stock index futures, then deduces the pricing formula of stock index futures and further analyses the functions of stock index futures and the impact of its transaction on the fluctuation of the spot transactions. the second chapter demonstrates the need and feasibility of the introduction of the stock index futures in china. through the empirical analysis of the market risk of china ' s stock market, we can see that the risk difference between individual stocks, so a portfolio investment wo n ' t help much in risk aversion
本論文共分為五章，第一章在介紹股票指數期貨的概念、特點以及產生與發展的過程的基礎上，對股票指數期貨的定價公式進行了推導，從而引出股票指數期貨的套期保值、指數套利、資產配置、組合保險等作用，進而分析股票指數期貨交易對股票現貨市場波動性的影響；第二章主要是對中國推出股票指數期貨的必要性和可行性進行論證，通過對中國股票市場風險測度的實證分析，得出了中國股票價格波動齊漲齊落，個股之間的風險差異小的特點，因此，投資者進行投資組合的避險效果就很有限，無論是個人投資者還是機構投資者，都必須面臨中國股票市場巨大風險的事實。
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