primary surface 中文意思是什麼
primary surface
解釋
基本面-
The primary results showed : using m199 as diluents containing 20 % bovine serum, it is better to freeze the cells slowly freezing at fist then increase freezing speed ( for example, from 0 to - 6 freezing speed is about - 0. 05 a minute, from - 6 to - 40, freezing speed is about - 0. 5 a minute ), studies on effect of various concentration of dmso demonstrate that about 12. 5 % dmso gave the highest post - thaw percentage of viable cells. the concentration of bovine serum had no different effect on the percentage of the viable embryo cells of misgurnus auguillicaudatus. the embryo cells derived 6 from the later stage of blastula offish is more resistant to the cryogen than the cells of early stage of blastula. the cells preserved in liquid nitrogen at - 196 were thawed and cultivated, a few cells were found adhere to the surface of culture vessel when the percentage of viable cell was more than 30 %. the cells in only two culture vessels were found to proliferated and gave rise to many small morphologically undifferentiated cells
研究初步表明:以細胞培養液m199 （含2既的小牛血清，常規量雙抗）為凍存稀釋液對泥鰍胚胎細胞冷凍保存宜採取先慢后快的方式（例如，從0一一6 ，凍存速度為一0 . 05 / min ，再以一0 . 5 / min的速度從一6一一40 ） ; dmso的保護效應濃度為12 . 506左右;小牛血清的濃度對泥鰍胚胎細胞的成活率影響不明顯;囊胚晚期細胞抗凍性比中早期強;通過對不同批次的凍存細胞解凍培養，解凍后成活率為30 %以上細胞培養數天後均有少數細胞貼壁，但只發現兩瓶培養細胞有明顯增殖現象產生許多未分化的小細胞。 -
When primary electrons hit the surface of the chunnel, secondary electrons are generated, which make the electron distribution at the exit hole of the chunnel more uniform
當初始電子碰撞絕緣壁時，會產生二次電子，而二次電子能改善電子在通道出口處的電子能量分佈的均勻性。 -
Comparison tests were made to the primary and secondory detonations and the same quantities of the same explosives, and found that both the surface rigidity and the depth of the induration layer have been improved obviously by the use of secondary detonation
同時對同種炸藥相同藥量分兩次爆炸與一次爆炸的效果進行比較，發現採用二次爆炸要比一次爆炸無論表面硬度，還是硬化層深度都有明顯改進。 -
Planation is a combination of external agents. erosion is the primary significance in that it cuts all the strata formed previously and in the combination with transportation and accumulation, directly affects the formation of planation surface
夷平作用是以侵蝕為先導，輔以搬運、堆積、伴隨有地形的蝕低蝕退，以接近侵蝕基準面為目標的一種外力組合。 -
This project which is based on the demand of increasing the electron tube ’ s qualities totally and reducing the manufacture cost has done a large amount of investigative work as follows to improve and perfect the technologies for the important part of electron tube manufacture ? the grid surface processing : on the surface processing of the molybdenum grid, the primary purpose is to reduce thermionic emission and secondary electronic emission of the grid. by the constantly experiment and grabbling the different technology routes, we have successfully developed these new technologies on the tac and zrc electrophoresis and electroplating platinum black of the grid, and made its surface cladding quality very stable and reliable
本課題是基於整體提高電子管的質量和降低生產成本的要求，對電子管生產中的重要部分? ?柵極的表面處理技術進行改進和完善，主要在以下方面進行了深入研究:在鉬柵極表面處理方面，主要為實現降低柵極的熱電子發射和二次電子發射，通過不同工藝路線的不斷試驗和摸索，成功開發出柵極電泳tac 、 zrc和電鍍鉑黑的新工藝，使柵極的塗覆質量穩定可靠。 -
Therefore, in principle the scattering may be predicted from measurements of the surface profile. in this paper the author also discussed nonspecular scattering for mo / si multlayer coated primary and secondary mirrors of the measured schwarzschlid optics based on power spectral density of these mirrors measured by both optical profilometer ( wyko ) and atomic force microscopy ( afm )
因此，我們可以通過檢測多層膜反射鏡基底的粗糙度來表徵多層膜反射鏡非鏡面散射對光學系統性能的影響，亦即通過檢測多層膜反射鏡基底的粗糙度調整拋光工藝參數，獲得低散射的多層膜反射鏡。 -
When tlp bonding with proper pressure, the oxidation on the surface of al mmcs was n ' t the primary effect of the properties of the joint
採用適當的壓力進行瞬間液相連接時，鋁基復合材料表面的氧化膜已不是影響接頭性能的主要因素。 -
During the design of the bathing beach, a concept was developed which set the beach sands as a primary theme, projecting sunlight, beach alignment, and water surface. the proposed beach will have a m ore appealing environment for tourists to have great scenic views
沙灘浴場以沙灘為主景的造景構思，突出陽光、沙灘、水面等景觀，體現東湖「疑海聽濤」的意境。 -
Using overlay to save data and display on condition that the display adapter supports it. otherwise, using off - screen to save data and using bit to transfer data to the primary surface. bring forward the method of block moving or line moving to transfer data from pc memory to video memory
在硬體支持覆蓋圖並滿足應用需求的情況下，使用覆蓋圖進行圖像數據存儲和顯示；上述條件不滿足時，使用離屏表面作為圖像存儲區，並使用位塊傳送方法bit傳遞離屏表面數據到主表面以完成圖像的顯示。 -
Advanced instrument and testing techniques including adopting mercury injection apparatus, specific surface analyses apparatus, porosity - permeability measurement apparatus, isothermal adsorption instrument and drill core flow experiment system, etc., are also adopted. on the basis of study on gas zoning, known cbm show and its component, generating mechanism of low coal rank cbm are discussed. the author pointed out that generated cbm should consist of primary biogenic methane gas in lignite stage, thermogenic methane gas in long - flame coal to gas / fat coal stage, and deuterogenic biogenic methane gas in coal seam imbedded stage
在本區瓦斯分帶、已知煤層氣顯示及其組分研究基礎上，探討了低煤級煤層氣的生成機制，指出生成的煤層氣應包括褐煤階段的原生生物甲烷氣、長焰煤?氣肥煤階段的熱成因甲烷氣和煤層埋藏階段的次生生物甲烷氣三種成因甲烷氣體；進而論述了煤儲層含氣飽和度、臨界解吸壓力、臨儲壓力比、地解壓差等甲烷解吸特徵，實測與理論含氣量、煤層氣資源量與資源豐度等煤儲層含氣性特徵。 -
Potato dextrose agar and grain medium were also used to identify fungi which were not determined by the primary culture. fungi were all secondarily cultured on sabouraud medium to observe the colony ' s texture, colour, growth rate, surface status and reverse pigment. the fungi should be examined by microscope to inspect their microscopic structure from 7th day to 21st day
使用的培養基有沙氏培養基、土豆培養基、真菌試驗培養基和5種種子培養基，連續培養4周，並隨時觀察菌落的色彩、生長速度、表面狀態、背面顏色等，並從第7天?第21天連續鏡檢以檢查真菌的顯微結構，綜合菌落形態和顯微結構，以確定真菌的種屬。 -
The research result indicated : for the strip primary mirror discussed in this article, the hexagon light - weighted cell has the best structural rigidity quality, the square cell is a little worse, the triangle cell is the worst ; there is an optimum on primary mirror thickness ; on condition of 1g gravity load combining with 4 centigrade uniform temperature rising, the thinner and higher of the flexible support reed, the better of the primary mirror surface figure. the decision of the structural parameters of the flexible support reed must take static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, static strength and dynamic strength of primary mirror assembly into account
研究結果表明：對于本文的長圓形主鏡，採用正六邊形輕量化孔，鏡體結構剛性品質最好，正方形次之，正三角形最差；主鏡鏡體厚度存在最佳值；主鏡組件在1g重力、均勻溫升4共同作用的工況下，主鏡柔性支撐簧片厚度越小、高度越高，主鏡綜合面形誤差（ p - v值）越小，但同時主鏡組件的剛體位移增大、固有頻率下降，因此柔性支承結構參數的確定要綜合考慮主鏡的綜合面形誤差和主鏡組件靜態剛度、動態剛度、靜態強度和動態強度等因素。 -
In the third chapter, the influence of current density, solution concentration, erosion time and aging in ambient air on the pl spectra of ps suggests that peak would blue shift with current density increasing, and with erosion time and aging time prolonging ; with the increasing of solution concentration, peaks would red shift when solution concentration less than 1 : 1 but blue shift when solution concentration greater than 1 : 1. above phenomena can be explained by quantum confinement and light center model, but do not deny the action of si - h bonding and defect on the surface in the process of photoluminescence. at present, radiation mechanism is still one of the primary problems in the study of ps
在第z三章中；通過對比，分析了電流密度、陽極化時間、溶液濃度以及自i然氧化時間對多孔硅光致發光光譜的影響，認為在一定的范圍內，多i孔硅的發光峰位會隨電流密度的增大而藍移，要獲得較強的發光，需z要選擇合適的電流密度；隨著腐蝕時間的延長，多孔硅的發光峰位會i發生藍移；當f酸的濃度較小q ： 1 ）時，峰位隨濃度的增大表現為向i低能移動；而當f酸的濃度較大河山時，峰位隨濃度的增大則表現z為移向高能；多孔硅在空氣中自然氧化；其發光峰位發生藍移，而強i度隨放置時間的延長而降低。 -
Primary flight control surface
主飛行操縱面 -
Put forward my proposal about the reformation of the taxation system, as well as the complementary measures, it is the surface that farmers " burden is caused by the primary government who charge farmers excessively, the deep reason is the unbalance developing strategy for national ecnomic and the difference between the city and the rural earea. link theory with the prctising program interal and external, i put forward my proposal to abolish agricultural tax, practice the same taxation, set up land rent system
過分地掘取農業剩餘的同時，還實行重城輕鄉的公共產品分配政策，造成農村財政呈「缺血」狀態，不得已實行「三提五統」收費制來解決農村公共產品的提供問題，制定製度出發點的錯誤以及制度本身的不完善，造成「三亂」久治不愈；其次，由於行政管理體制改革滯后，機構臃腫，冗員過多；再加上農民反負成本高，反負意識差和農村制度供給的路徑依賴性，造成農民負擔越發沉重，並成為中國許多問題的根源。 -
Uvb rays harm the skin ' s surface and are the primary cause of sunburn
Uvb損傷皮膚表面是造成曬斑的根本原因。 -
In this paper, the target radiate characteristics and waveband selection of the infrared system reviewed briefly ; the suppression of the stray radiation in the infrared sub - system is discussed ; the material selection, the support structure and optimization of the primary mirror in the infrared sub - system of the theodolite, every factor which will affect the surface figure of the mirror is discussed in detail and get the result that in the circumstance of shooting range, the primary factor which affects the surface figure of the mirror in the infrared sub - system is temperature changing, this ca n be resolved by using material of low expansion coefficient and using same material in the mirror and the mirror seat
本文將對紅外系統的目標輻射特徵分析和波段選擇進行簡要回顧，討論紅外系統中雜散輻射的抑制，並詳盡分析經緯儀紅外光學系統設計中所涉及到的反射鏡的材料、支撐、結構和優化設計等問題，認真討論和分析影響主鏡的面形精度的各種可能因素。並指出：在靶場環境下影響經緯儀紅外分系統主鏡面形精度的主要原因是溫度的變化，這種情況可通過選擇低線膨脹系數的材料並且使鏡座和反射鏡採用相同的材料予以解決。 -
Based on the spectral irradiance measured with the sun - atmosphere ultraviolet spectrum radiometer ( sauvs ) developed by the institute of atmosphere physics and the changchun institute of optics and fine mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, measuring the direct and scatter irradiance spectrum of ultraviolet waveband which arrives in beijing global surface, giving a method of retrieving the aerosol optical depth ( aod ) and put up with primary results that exponential function can fit the retrieval results according to its visibility, putting forth different coefficients and functions on variable visibility, also giving a primary analysis on the aod in dust - storm day and some contrast between sun - day and dust - storm day, analyzing the ratio between scatter and total irradiance, and its relationship with atmosphere mass and total atmosphere optical depth, lastly contrasting with the survey results by aeronet beijing station, the results of retrieval is in reason, this work gives some help in researching the co - effect of aerosol - radiance - climate and makes preparation for further survey on the radiance characteristics of dust
利用中國科學院大氣物理研究所與長春光學精密機械研究所合作研製的太陽?大氣紫外光譜輻射計（ sauvs ） ，測量到達北京地表的太陽直接和散射紫外光譜輻射，導出了大氣氣溶膠的光學厚度。初步結果表明：北京紫外波段大氣氣溶膠的光學厚度在絕大部分情況下隨波長的增加而單調減小，用指數函數可以較好地擬合反演結果，統計得到了三個水平能見度狀況下擬合函數的系數值和公式表達式；初步分析了揚沙、浮塵、沙塵暴天氣條件下氣溶膠光學厚度的特點，並與一般晴朗天氣條件下的氣溶膠光學厚度特點做了比較分析；分析了太陽紫外譜輻射中散射輻射與大氣質量、大氣總光學厚度的定性關系和定量表達式；最後與全球氣溶膠監測網路（ aeronet ）北京站的資料做比對，表明反演結果基本合理。 -
The unfocused aspherical surface system is one of the main structure of large emiting system. in the system, the more large the relative aperture of primary mirror, the more small the focal length and the tube of system, and the more light the weigth
這個系統中的主反射鏡的相對孔徑越大，其焦距就越短，相應地系統筒長就越短，重量就越輕，這樣就越能滿足車載或機載系統的實戰要求。 -
2 ) it is difficult to put together two smooth surfaces, which are divided from a complex primary surface
2 ）在曲面重構時由於對復雜曲面的分片造成曲面片之間的連續性拼接的困難。
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