proof to the contrary 中文意思是什麼
proof to the contrary
解釋
反面證據-
Logic to the contrary is also proof that america has been feminized, sad, but true. repent ye double minded
這種矛盾的邏輯證明美國人已經女性化了，真悲哀，但這是事實。為你們的思想動搖懺悔吧。 -
The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party
本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。 -
It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。 -
If, at the request of the shipper, the carrier makes out the air waybill, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the shipper
承運人根據托運人的請求填寫航空貨運單的，在沒有相反證據的情況下，應當視為代托運人填寫。 -
If the death of or personal injury to the passengers or loss of or damage to the passengers ' cabin luggage occurred as a result of shipwreck, collision, stranding, explosion, fire or the defect of the ship, it shall be presumed that the carrier or his servant or agent has committed a fault, unless proof to the contrary has been given by the carrier or his servant or agent
旅客的人身傷亡或者自帶行李的滅失、損壞，是由於船舶的沉沒、碰撞、擱淺、爆炸、火災所引起或者是由於船舶的缺陷所引起的，承運人或者承運人的受僱人、代理人除非提出反證，應當視為其有過失。 -
Failing proof to the contrary, natural persons, legal persons or other organizations named in the software shall be the creators
如無相反證明，在軟體上署名的自然人、法人或者其他組織為開發者。 -
I will continue to believe it until i get proof to the contrary.
我仍然相信這一點，除非能證明它與此相反。 -
I shall continue to believe it until i have proof to the contrary
我會一直相信此事，直到我有相反情形的證據。 -
If no proof to the contrary is available, the citizen, legal person or other organization whose name appears on a work shall be the author
如無相反證明，在作品上署名的公民、法人或者其他組織為作者。 -
" you have ample proof to the contrary, if you look opposite, " said the baroness, as she laughingly pointed to the beautiful greek
「假如您向對面望一望， 」男爵夫人帶笑指了指那個美麗的希臘女人說道， 「您就可以充分得到相反的證據啦。 」 -
Chinese laws stipulate that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, a person whose name is mentioned in connection with a work shall be deemed to be the author of the work
美國的反托拉斯官司曾發生過多起。在以往的官司中，訴訟的托拉斯對象都是通過兼并或聯合等方式造成壟斷的。
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