rainfall runoff 中文意思是什麼
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And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity
經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。 -
In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor
針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。 -
The common character is impound and infiltration use of rainfall runoff by changing the plane shape of surface soil. water infiltration area is the area of water use
共同的特點是通過改變地表平面微地形下墊面，就地攔蓄入滲利用降雨徑流，入滲區即為利用區。 -
In order to calculate quantitatively the process of rainfall - runoff, the css model of zhang cha catchment is developed based on epa ’ s swmm ( storm water management model ) in this paper. and then calculate cso spill water quality 、 spill volume and spill time at different intercepting ratio using the developed swmm, and analyze the effect on them by intercepting ratio
為了實現上述降雨?徑流過程的定量計算，本文引入美國環保局的城市暴雨水管理模型（ swmm ）建立了佛山市張槎排水區的合流制排水系統模型，使用該模型計算了不同截流倍數時溢流污水的水質、水量以及溢流時間，並分析了截流倍數對它們的影響。 -
It can not only meet the need of water saving, water holding, drought resistance, but also make the best use of local rainfall runoff and efficiently reduce soil erosion. the research on it ' s theory and appliance will promote the development of orchard water saving irrigation and ecosystem and project of soil and water conservation
蓄水坑灌法是一種適合於我國北方山丘區的果林灌溉新方法，既可滿足節水、保水、抗旱的要求又能充分利用當地降雨徑流和有效控制水土流失。對該方法進行理論和應用研究將對我國北方地區果林節水灌溉和水土保持與生態建設起到積極的促進作用。 -
However, it lacks runoff data in absolutely most areas where culvert and small bridge locate. some traditional design method, such as the methods of statistic zone parameter, modification by catchment area, rainfall - runoff, reasoning formula and empiric equation et al, are used to estimate flood flow through culvert or bridge
然而，絕大多數中小橋涵所在地卻沒有可利用的徑流資料，通常採用統計分區法，面積改正法、暴雨徑流法、推理公式和經驗公式等傳統設計方法，這些方法一般比較繁瑣、精度較低、設計的流量偏大，導致工程造價偏高而浪費資金。 -
Weather radar ; rainfall ; rainfall - runoff model
測雨雷達雨量計面雨量降水徑流模擬 -
Taken yanjia river watershed as an example, this study extracted watershed digital characters from dem, and simulated rainfall - runoff with the rainfall - runoff model based on gis and wms. the main contents and results include : ( 1 ) the building of the spatial database of watershed
本研究應用地理信息系統和wms模型系統，以三峽庫區晏家河流域為例，由dem提取流域數字特徵，再與降雨徑流模型有機結合進行了降雨徑流數字模擬研究，主要的研究內容和結果包括以下幾個方面： （ 1 ）建立了流域空間數據庫。 -
Analysis of rainfall - runoff factor change of the source regions of the yellow river with supporting of gis
支持下的黃河河源區降水徑流要素變化分析 -
Research on urban rainfall runoff pollution control model
我國城市降雨徑流污染控制模式探討 -
Analysis on variation and influencing factors of rainfall - runoff relationship in miyun reservoir watershed
密雲水庫流域降雨徑流關系變化及影響因素分析 -
Responses of hydrochemical inorganic ions in the rainfall - runoff processes of the experimental catchments and its significance for tracing
無機水化學離子在實驗流域降雨徑流過程中的響應及其示蹤意義 -
Rainfall - runoff simulation is the very important technique for soil erosion, non - point source pollution, surface water balance calculation and some other study fields
降雨徑流模擬是土壤侵蝕、非點源污染、地表水量平衡計算等眾多研究領域的非常重要的技術手段。 -
On the development process, the rills were influenced by rainfall runoff on slope, but the sockets were the result of the long - term repetitious action of rainfall and runoff and subsurface flow
在發展過程上，前者受降雨徑流侵蝕作用時間集中；後者是在長期多次降雨形成地面徑流和壤中流侵蝕的共同作用下，逐漸發展起來。 -
The characteristics and output rules of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of rainfall runoff in farmland of typical plain river - net area were studied through the field survey and the fixed location monitoring of the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus
摘要通過對研究區降雨徑流中氮、磷濃度的野外實驗和定點監測，研究典型平原河網區的農田降雨徑流氮磷流失特徵及其輸出規律。 -
( 4 ) according to analysis of water resources characteristics of the dam system, following conclusions are obtained : amount of yearly available water resources of the dam system presents uncertainty ; water resources utilization by the dam system should focus on fully utilization of rainfall, runoff and flood ; meanwhile, water resources exploration of the dam system should reach the objective of maximum economic benefit in years ; a modeling system for water resources utilization and exploration by the dam system is established on the basis of reasonable investment and above objectives
對壩系水資源的特點進行了深入研究，得出以下結論：壩系水資源年可利用量具有較大的隨機性；開發利用壩系水資源就是充分利用降雨和徑流洪水；壩系水資源開發應以多年經濟效益總體期望值最大為目標。同時引入了最佳水資源投入量的概念，並建立了壩系水資源開發利用模型。 -
At last, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of rainfall and runoff - producing and flow concentration and taking the example of multiple - underlying surface of jing hua school area and stressed laboratory building materials of hydrology and environment of shann ' xi, and thus rainfall runoff amount in the cultural areas and roof underlying surface are calculated, and utilizing foreground of rainfall are analyzed
最後，在對降雨特性、下墊面產匯流特性分析的基礎上，以西安理工大學金花校區和陜西省水資源與環境重點實驗室屋頂為典型小區，簡單的計算分析了西安市文化區和屋頂下墊面的降雨徑流量。從量的角度分析了雨水利用前景。 -
Since the early nineties last century, machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks ( ann ) have been attempted in flood forecast areas, such as rainfall - runoff modeling and stream flow forecasting, with some valuable experiences achieved. this paper presents several precise, reliable and practical flood forecast models based on some new style learning machines. their performances were valued in case studies
本文結合機器學習技術，從尋找易用的、準確的、可靠的、實用性強的洪水預報方法的角度出發，建立了多種基於新型的學習機器的洪水預報模型，並通過這些模型在實例中的表現，對它們的性能進行了評價，提出了幾種基於學習機器的洪水預報解決方案。 -
Study on the relationships between the soil moisture condition of underlying surface and rainfall - runoff
下墊面含水狀態與降雨產流關系研究 -
With same total rainfall, runoff lasted longer under the low rainfall intensity than that under the higher one, but the total runoff amount is more under the higher rainfall intensity
農田徑流液中氮素的平均濃度和氮素徑流累積流失量提高，兩者間呈顯著正相關。
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