random population 中文意思是什麼

The competition among those species like s. tsinyunensis, dryopteris erythrosora and veronicastrum stenostachyum etc., is intense in the communities, which may be one of the reasons why s. tsinyunensis is going to be endangered and with a very restricted distribution. the distribution patterns of the seven populations of s. tsinyunensis are clumped among the eight populations we studied, except population v of random distribution. the spatial pattern of 6 populations of s. tsinyunensis have high consistency with the negative binominal distribution, while another 2 populations, i. e., i and iii are poisson distributions

6 ）縉雲黃芩各種群空間分佈格局基本呈聚集分佈，其中7個種群的分佈格局類型是聚集分佈，其聚集強度較高，另有一個種群為隨機分佈；其種群的離散分佈擬合結果也嚴格符合一定的數學模式，其中負二項分佈、 poisson分佈分別是該物種種群空間分佈的理論分佈模式，其中6個種群擬合出的結果是負二項分佈，種群i和種群m擬合出的結果是poisson分佈。

Rapd ( random amplified polymorphic dna ) technique was used to study the genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the natural population and the hatchery stock of chlamys farreri. amplifications with 20 10 - base primers under predetermined optimal reaction yielded 153 reproducible amplified fragments ranging from 200 to 3000bp. the mean proportions of polymorphic amplified fragments of natural population and the hatchery stock were 73. 2 % and 70. 6 % respectively, and the mean hetreozygosities of them were 0. 27 and 0. 26 respectively

在對20個野生櫛孔扇貝和20個養殖櫛孔扇貝的基因組dna的檢測中， 20個隨機引物共擴增出153條清晰可分辨的dna片段，片段大小在200 3000bp之間，其中野生種群和養殖群體多態性片段分別為112和108條，多態位點比例分別為73 . 2 %和70 . 6 % ，雜合度分別為0 . 27和0 . 26 。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

The range of immune response in a large random population of animals tends to fellow a normal distribution.

在一個隨機挑選的大的動物群體中，免疫應答的強弱是呈正態分佈的。

Random mating population

隨機交配群體

4. using recombinant inbred line ( rjl ) of rice derived from ( zhenshang 97bx minghui 63 ), permanent f2 population was constructed by random mating among ril lines

利用源於（珍汕97b明恢63 ）的水稻重組近交系（ ril ） ，進行系間隨機交配，獲得永久f _ 2群體。

Three natural population of l. sagitta, add up to 62 individual, with 17 random primers, 128 polymorphic loci

箭葉橐吾的三個自然居群，總計62個個體，使用17個隨機引物，共擴增出128個多態位點。

The main results are shown as below : 1. 80 individuals from 4 populations ( 20 from each population ) of argopecten irradians were analyzed by using 20 random rapd primers. 132 rapd bands ranging from 230 to 2800bp were recorded with an average of 6. 6 bands gained by per primer

採用20條隨機引物對4個群體80個個體（每個群體20個個體）進行了rapd群體遺傳多樣性分析，共擴增出132個位點，片段大小在230 - 2800bp之間，平均每條引物的擴增帶數是6 . 6條。

The random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ) and inter - simple sequence repeat ( issr ) analysis were used to estimate population genetics of fenneropenaeus chinensis. we analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the populations, and also studied the genetic divergency among populations and geographic populations. the main results shown as follows : 1

本文以中國對蝦（ fenneropenaeuschinensis ）野生群體為研究對象，採用rapd和issr分子標記技術，進行了群體遺傳學的研究，對中國對蝦野生群體的遺傳多樣性及群體遺傳結構進行了分析，研究了中國對蝦各野生群體之間的遺傳分化情況。

E. mollis had higher genetic diversity among populations, and the reason may be as follows : ( 1 ) those populations are generally large and are not subject to significant loss of variation through small - population effects such as random genetic drift and inbreeding coupled with selection

相對於26種長壽木本特有種和61種狹窄的地理分佈種來說，翅果油樹種群也具有高的遺傳變異水平。這表明翅果油樹種群不存在遺傳上的退化現象。

( 3 ) inbreeding population to the population that the inbreeding coefficient is f, the population information entropy is a increase function when reach equilibrium in random matting system, that is when fix the f, the population have the largest information entropy ; population information entropy large or equal to the gene distribution entropy, less or equal the two time of gene distribution entropy

（ 3 ）近親繁殖群體證明了近交系數為f的群體在隨機交配下達到平衡的群體信息熵是f的增函數，即f固定時，其值最大；群體信息熵大於等於基因庫信息熵，小於等於基因庫信息熵的兩倍。

First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by brewer, durbin, sampford, des raj, murthy, rao - hartley - cochran. then, at the basis of rao and bayless ' s study, we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super - populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above. we find that the minor difference between two super - populations has great effect on the efficiency of the estimators for the population with moderately large coefficient of variation ( c. v. )

本文首先從理論上介紹了若干種不等概率抽樣方法，它們的估計量、估計量的方差及其估計，其中包括有放回ppz及pps抽樣，不放回不等概率抽樣中的brewer 、 durbin 、 sampford 、 desraj ， murthy 、 rao - hartley - cochran等人的方法；其次，在rao和bayless兩人就樣本單元數n = 2的情形對上述抽樣方法進行比較的基礎上，將總體隨機地分成兩個子總體，視每個子總體取自不同的線性超總體，在文中，我們利用計算機實現隨機分組，並通過畫圖比較各方法估計量的穩定性，結果表明，對變異系數c . v . （ x ）較大的總體而言，兩個超總體之間的微小差異將對估計量的穩定性產生很大的影響，從而說明rao和bayless的比較結果還不夠完善。

Five natural population of l. virgaurea, add up to 100 individual, with 17 random primers, 132 polymorphic loci

黃帚橐吾的五個自然居群，總計100個個體，使用17個隨機引物，共擴增出132個多態位點。

Several adult individuals from each population at random were observed their morphologic characters, and then to analyse the distribution of the vertical biology yield

對荷葉鐵線蕨進行形態學觀察和垂直生物量分配的分析。 2 ）用等位酶標記檢測荷葉鐵線蕨的交配系統。

Firstly, we introduced the main idea, the formalized description, and the basic flow of co - evolution algorithm. then, from the point of pattern analyzation, we established the mathematics model of the multi - population co - evolution algorithm based on pattern replicator equation of the single population genetic algorithm, and made the theoretical analysis and compare for the method of best choice and the method of random choice of the co - evolution algorithm. we put forward a new method for the individual fitness evaluation, and validated the performance of the new method by the simulation experiment

首先，在介紹了協進化演算法的核心思想、形式化描述和基本演算法流程的基礎上，從模式分析角度出發，建立了基於模式復制方程的多群體協進化演算法數學模型，對協進化演算法中的最優選擇法和隨機選擇法進行了理論分析與比較，提出了一種新的個體適應度評價方法，並通過模擬實驗驗證了新方法的效率。

This formula used inverse regression and data fusion technical and maximum likelihood theory, then this method enabled random sample value obtained in ultrasonic and rebound method of different detection population to mix together effectively, and reach estimation of concrete strength

該公式利用逆回歸理論、數據融合技術和最大似然原理，將回彈值和聲速值分別看作被解釋變量，將來自超聲法和回彈法不同量綱的檢測數據進行有效融合，得出混凝土強度的推定值，該推定結果具有無偏性和方差最小性質。

Doppler flow study of lateral calcaneal artery was performed on 60 random population and 44 diabetes mellitus cases with or without foot ulcers

六十位隨機族群及四十四位有或無足部潰瘍的糖尿病患者接受外側跟骨動脈超音波血流測試。

A modified genetic algorithm ( mga ) framework was developed and applied to the flowshop sequencing problems with objective of minimizing mean total flowtime. to improve the general genetic algorithm routine, two operations were introduced into the framework. firstly, the worst points were filtered off in each generation and replaced with the best individuals found in previous generations ; secondly, the most promising individual was selectively cultivating if a certain number of recent generations have not been improved yet. under conditions of flowshop machine, the initial population generation and crossover function can also be improved when the mga framework is implemented. computational experiments with random samples show that the mga is superior to general genetic algorithm in performance and comparable to special - purpose heuristic algorithms. the mga framework can also be easily extended to other optimizations even though it will be implemented differently in detail

提出了一個改進遺傳演算法的結構，並且應用於帶有目標是最小平均總流程時間的流水調度排序中.為了改進一般遺傳演算法的程序，兩個新的操作被引進到這個操作中.這兩個操作為： 1 ）過濾操作：過濾掉在每一代中的最壞的個體，用前一代中的最好的個體替代它； 2 ）培育操作：當在一定代數內演算法不改進時，選擇一個培育操作用於培育最有希望的個體.通過大量的隨機產生的問題的例子的計算機實驗顯示出，提出的演算法的性能明顯好於一般遺傳演算法，並且和此問題的最好的專門意義的啟發式演算法相匹配.新的mga框架很容易擴展到其它最優化當中，只是實施的詳細的步驟有所不同

However under the pressure of great population and food supply, agriculture has been managed in an extensive way, utilizing resources by plunder and polluting environment at random, which resulted in unbalanced ecological structure and decrease in production capacity

但是，長期以來在龐大的人口負荷及糧食供給壓力下，我國農業以粗放經營形式，掠奪式地利用資源，任意污染環境，導致農業生態系統結構失衡，生產能力下降。

Microsatellite dna is among the most efficient class of molecular markers due to their hyper - variable and co - dominant nature with relatively high abundance and random distribution in the genome, and have been applied to a variety of fields including population differentiation, kinship analysis, linkage analysis, and evolutional and ecological studies

摘要微衛星dna由於具有高度多態性、共顯性遺傳、基因組中含量豐富且隨機分佈等特點，目前已成為最有效的分子標記之一，並應用於種群分化研究、血緣分析、基因連鎖分析、進化以及生態學研究等許多領域。