rate law 中文意思是什麼
rate law
解釋
速率定律-
I also wonder whether sir thomas gresham might have a view on the applicability of his law when there is a market, and therefore an exchange rate, between the two currencies
此外，我也希望知道格雷欣爵士對于在兩種貨幣之間有匯率存在的情況，其法則會如何適用有甚麼看法。 -
It is generally impossible to obtain the analytic optimal guidance law for complex nonlinear guidance systems of homing missiles, and the open loop optimal guidance law is often obtained by numerical methods, which can not be used directly in practice. the neural networks are trained off - line using the optimal trajectory of the missile produced by the numerical open loop optimal guidance law, and then, the converged neural networks are used on - line as the feedback optimal guidance law in real - time. the research shows that different selections of the neural networks inputs, such as the system state variables or the rate of los ( line of sight ), may have great effect on the performances of the guidance systems for homing missiles. the robustness for several guidance laws is investigated by simulations, and the modular neural networks architectures are used to increase the approximating and generalizing abilities in the large state space. some useful conclusions are obtained by simulation results
對于復雜的非線性導彈制導系統，很難求得其解析的最優制導律，只能求得開環的數字解，不能適用於具有時變不確定性的導彈制導系統.利用神經網路的學習和推廣能力，對開環的數字最優制導律進行離線的學習，作為閉環的神經最優制導律在線應用.研究分別選擇系統狀態變量和視線角速率等不同的神經網路輸入對制導系統性能的影響，以及各種制導律的魯棒性問題，並採用模塊化神經網路結構提高神經網路的學習和推廣能力，模擬結果得到一些有益的結論 -
Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt
第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。 -
The pressure at every point along the pipeline, the gas - liquid phase flow rate and the law of the liquid holdup in the pipeline chang ing with time in the process of gas storage and supply at the time of peak shaving are simulatively calculated, and based on this, the problem on peak shaving is thoroughly analyzed by combining with the existing pinghu - shanghai gas pipeline in china
模擬計算了調峰過程中管道儲氣和供氣過程沿線各點的壓力、氣液相流速和管內持液率隨時間的變化規律，據此結合我國已建成現有的平湖一上海的天然氣管線，對調峰問題作了深入地分析。 -
Studies showed that process and condition control had critical effect on the preparation of yig phase, and the proper conditions specialized as follows : using ammonia - ammonium nitrate ( nh3 - nh4no3 ) as precipitant, ph scope from 10 to 10. 5, using dissolving salt as law materials, dropping their mixed solution into precipitant, precipitation rate at 0. 8ml / min
研究表明，共沉澱的過程和條件控制對yig的合成具有重要影響。實驗得出共沉澱的合適條件為：以nh _ 3 - nh _ 4no _ 3為緩沖溶液，控制ph范圍為10 . 0 ? 10 . 5 ，採用可溶性鹽為原料配製溶液，滴加到沉澱劑中的共沉澱方式，共沉澱速度為0 . 8ml min左右。 -
Particular way is : it is plan tax basis with commodity sale, the tax rate consideration that provides according to tax law gives commodity to answer the appreciation the amount of tax to be paid of the burden, deduct next goods and materials is bought outside be being used to produce commodity place cost ( wait like raw material, fuel, running stores ) before pull current understands link already the value added tax of pay, the remaining sum after deducting is an enterprise to answer ratal
具體做法是：以商品銷售額為計稅依據，按照稅法規定的稅率計算出商品應負擔的增值稅額，然後扣除為生產商品所耗用外購物資（如原材料、燃料、低值易耗品等）在以前生產流通環節已繳納的增值稅，扣除后的余額為企業應納稅額。 -
A reliability experiment of thermal aging was carried out for the two types of joints, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x - ray spectrometer and micro x - ray diffractomer were adopted to investigate the interfacial evolution behavior of joints, and kinetics model of imc formation was established. the results show that imc growth follows the parabolic law as a function of aging time at certain aging temperature, imc growth is more sensitive to the aging temperature than the aging time, the activation energy of cu - al imc growth is 97. 1kj / mol and the major forming cu - al imc are cual2 and cu9al4, the activation energy of au - al imc growth is 40. 1kj / mol and the main au - al imc are au4al and au5al2, with au2al and aual at the interfacial periphery of joints, the rate of cu - al imc growth is about 1000 times slower than that of au - al imc, and kirkendall voids and cracks are easily appeared during thermal aging in gold ball bonds while voids and cracks are absent in copper ball bonds even after aging at 200 for 2900 hours and 250 for 169 hours
研究結果表明:金屬間化合物厚度與老化時間的關系符合拋物線法則，金屬間化合物的生長對老化溫度比老化時間更加敏感; cu - al金屬間化合物生長的激活能為97 . 1kj / mol ，老化后金屬間化合物呈層狀分佈，主要相為cual2和cu9al4 ; au - al金屬間化合物生長的激活能為40 . 1kj / mol ，主要相為au4al和au5al2 ，同時在界面周邊區域生成了au2al和aual ;老化過程中cu - al金屬間化合物生長速率比au - al金屬間化合物生長速率小103數量級;金絲球鍵合點200老化96小時出現了明顯的kirkendall空洞和裂紋，但銅絲球鍵合點200老化2900小時和250老化169小時都沒有形成空洞和裂紋。 -
Article 213 unit of account mentioned in this law refers to the special drawing right as defined by the international monetary fund ; its equivalent in renminbi shall be the amount calculated in terms of the conversion rate from the special drawing right of the international monetary fund to renminbi as prescribed by the competent state foreign exchange authority at the date of the judgement of the court, the date of the award of arbitration agency or the date agreed between the parties concerned
第二百一十三條本法所稱計算單位，是指國際貨幣基金組織規定的特別提款權；其人民幣數額為法院判決之日、仲裁機構裁決之日或者當事人協議之日，按照國家外匯主管機關規定的國際貨幣基金組織的特別提款權對人民幣的換算辦法計算得出的人民幣數額。 -
Article 14 " exchange rate quoted by the state exchange control authorities " mentioned in article 21 of the tax law refers to the buying rate quoted by the state administration of exchange control
第十四條稅法第二十一條所說的國家外匯管理機關公布的外匯牌價，是指國家外匯管理局公布的外匯買人價。 -
According to gaseous " molecular kinetic, the mass diffusion rate is within finite value. so theoretical conclusion of mass flux ' s producing and the essential relation of flux vs. force could be drawn. with the assumption that local density states in near equilibrium and the distribution is gradual changed, the classical first pick ' s law was modified considering mass relaxation time
根據氣體分子運動論對質量傳播速度為有限值情況下的質量流的產生及流與力之間的本構關系作了理論推導，在假定局域濃度處于近平衡態，其分佈為漸進的情況下得到了考慮質量鬆弛作用的經典fick第一定律的修正式。 -
According to the iron law of open economy, so - called " impossible trinity ", china adapted a fixed exchange rate, relatively strict capital control and highly independent monetary policy, which meant to give up some degree of monetary policy independence in exchange for limited capital flows
在開放經濟的「三元沖突」中，中國選擇了固定匯率、較嚴格的資本管制和較大的貨幣政策獨立性，即用少量貨幣政策獨立性的喪失換取有限度的資本流動。 -
For farther research in practical status and birth mechanism of information man - oeuvre rent seeking, the thesis usees decision - making and game theory to build gamemodel, linking to character of information manoeuvre rent seeking and adding some hypothesis and parameter. use typical sampling with punish decision from security monitor committee of china, and do positive research, result shows that from those years information manoeuvre rent seekings in china have been in a high frequency state, many prescripts of < security law > have not been enforced well on checking of lawless cases, degree of punish cant hold back the information manoeuvre rent - seek - ing impulsing. at the effective monitor of stock market, not only probability of check is low, but rate of succeed is low too
實證研究結果表明，近年來，我國證券市場的信息操縱行為處于高頻率狀態， 《證券法》的有關處罰規定在現實中沒有得到嚴格的實施，懲罰力度不足以有效遏止市場的尋租沖動，在市場有效監管上，不僅稽查的概率偏低，而且稽查的成功率也有待提高，合理改進稽查概率、稽查成功率、懲罰力度、中小投資者抗租能力等相關參數，是提高市場效率的有效途徑。 -
This article mainly discussed the influence law of kno3 on combustion rate, combustion flame and generation of the relic amount
本文主要論述了硝酸鉀對水基熱氣溶膠滅火劑的燃燒速度、燃燒火焰、殘渣生成量等方面的影響規律。 -
Based on the count of failure in the samplers, this paper analyzes the weak link of the quality of domestic automobile products. with the help of mathematical statistics and automobile reliability theory, we get the failure law of bus, truck and car of the domestic automobile industry and their failure distribution function, reliability function, probability density function, and failure rate function. accordingly, the present situation of reliability in domestic automobile products is expounded
本文通過對樣車的故障進行統計，分析了我國汽車產品質量的薄弱環節，並藉助數理統計手段和汽車可靠性理論，得出了國產客車、載貨汽車以及轎車的故障規律和相應的故障分佈函數、可靠度函數、故障密度函數及故障率函數，論述了國產汽車產品的可靠性現狀。 -
The variable parameter taper equation, which was suitable to pin us elliottii plantation form changing law, was built with the sample wood datas on the basis of the research of about form shape in the tree mensuration, one - dimensional volume table, two - dimensional volume table, one - dimensional timber - produced rate table for timber assortment, and two - dimensional timber - produced rate table for timber assortment were complied based on the above
摘要在樹干形狀研究的基礎上，利用樣木資料建立了一個適合濕地松人工林干形變化規律的可變參數削度方程，據以編制了一元材積表、二元材積表、一元材種出材率表和二元材種出材率表，這些數表經檢驗誤差較小，精度較高，可在林業生產上推廣應用。 -
Rate and state dependent friction law with variable normal stress is employed in the analyses
摩擦採用了速率及狀態依賴性本構關系，並考慮了正應力變化的影響。 -
The problems from sediment discharge for de - siltation and the relative stability of fiver channel can be solved through the study on the main indexes such as flow rate, silt concentration and etc. based on the analysis of sediment - carrying capacity of flow and the law of river channel evolution
在分析水流挾沙力和河槽水力形態規律的基礎上，研究調水調沙的流量、含沙量等主要水沙指標，可以解決河道輸沙減淤和河槽相對穩定問題。 -
It will make university - run enterprises a marketing main part of assuming limited liability, running by themselves, assuming sole responsibility for its profits or losses and paying rate according to law, which can help assume the responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of state - owned assets, safeguarding the university ' s legal interests and avoiding effectively the marketing venture
使校辦企業成為承擔有限責任、自主經營、自負盈虧、照章納稅的市場主體，並對國有資產承擔保值增值責任，依法保護學校合法權益，有效規避校辦企業經營風險。 -
The writer pursues such a target : suit requirement of economic development of the socialist market, further reform and perfect system of individual income tax law, improve and enhance collection management, strengthen regulation of persons of high income, and alleviate the unjust antinomy of social assignment, promote social stability, establish continuous and stable increasing mechanism of income of individual income tax, and more availably develop positive effect of the individual income tax in politics, economy and social living, following suggestion is put iv forward so as to realize the target : to practice admixture type of the individual income tax system classifying combining with synthesizing, reasonably determine tax rate and tax deduction standard, standardize taxpayer ' s scope, adjusting and extending the tax base, standardize advance payment system, and establish perfect and scientific modem tax levy & management system the etc., so as to have th
本文筆者力圖追求這樣一個目標：適應社會主義市場經濟發展的要求，進一步改革和完善個人所得稅法律制度，改進和強化徵收管理，加大對高收入廠、碩士學位論文alaster 」 stdis一者的調節力度，緩解社會分配不公的矛盾，促進社會穩定，建立起個人所得稅收入的持續、穩定增長機制，更加有效地發揮個人所得稅在政治、經濟和社會生活中的積極作用。為了實現這個目標提出了如下建議：實行分類同綜合相結合的混合型個人所得稅制，合理確定稅率和扣除標準，規范納稅人范圍，調整和擴大稅基，規范預扣繳制度，建立完善、科學的現代化稅務征管系統等，以期對我國個人所得稅法律制度的修訂和完善有所稗益。 -
The isothermal oxidation behavior at 900 - 1300 for 20 h in air followed a parabolic rate law as well as the cyclic oxidation behavior at 1100 - 1300 for 30 cycles
Ti3aicz在900一1300 「 c的空氣中恆溫氧化20h和在1100一1300 「 c空氣中循環氧化30次都符合拋物線規律。
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