ratio estimate 中文意思是什麼
ratio estimate
解釋
比例定量-
This paper synthetically summarized current research on terrestrial nitrogen cycle and soil nitrogen cycle, meanwhile, uncertainties of terrestrial nitrogen cycle were discussed. the global diversified ecosystem nitrogen and carbon storage was comparative thoroughly estimated through different life zone. the global organic nitrogen storage was estimate by the c / n ratio
Post等按照不同生物帶比較全面的估算了全球各種生態系統類型的土壤碳氮密度和含量， mcelroy等利用土壤有機碳儲量和碳氮比來估算了全球土壤有機氮儲量。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Based on the analysis of the magnetic characteristics, an artificial nerural network can be built and the fault samples can be gained by theoretical arithmetic. the results of computation example show that the method can not only judge if shorted field turns exit but also estimate fault turns ratio
根據該結論構建了發電機故障診斷的神經網路，並直接獲得發電機在額定運行工況下對應的故障樣本，用於故障診斷，不僅對轉子繞組匝間短路故障的存在性，還對故障的嚴重性做出了正確的判斷。 -
The nonlinear filtering for nbi estimate - subtract assumes that the prediction error is dominated by spread spectrum signal and the background noise power is far below spread spectrum chip power, this assumption promises the low error ratio of chip decision but may not be attainable to digitalized dsss receiver in military communication environment, and does not coincide with the principle of dsss communication that decreases bit error ratio ( ber ) depending on spread spectrum gain, not on chip power
在干擾估計抵消濾波中，以往的非線性濾波要求干擾抵消濾波后擴頻信號功率遠大於殘余噪聲功率，進而假設碼片判決的誤碼片率基本為零，這一要求對軍用擴頻通信是不利的，而且也不符合擴頻通信利用擴頻增益降低誤碼率的原則。 -
In this dissertation, we firstly prove that any dirichlet problem is indeed equal to a voltages problem of networks. we give five solutions to dirichlet problem in two dimensions ; among these five solutions, we prove that the iteration solution and the solution of relaxations are exponential convergence, then we estimate their respective convergence rates ; secondly, we discuss random walks on general networks, prove that there is an one to one correspondence between networks and reversible ergodic markov chains ; thirdly, we give probabilistic interpretation of voltages for general networks : when a unit voltage is applied between a and b, making va = 1 and vb = 0, the voltage vx at any point x represents the probability that a walker starting from x will return to a before reaching b ; furthermore, we study the relationship between effective resistance and escape probability : starting at a, the probability that the walk reaches b before returning to a is the ratio of the effective conductance and the total conductance
本文證明了任何邊值的dirichlet問題都可轉化為求解電路電壓的問題：給出了計算平面格點上dirichlet問題的5種方法：證明了迭代法和松馳法都是指數收斂的，並分別給出收斂速度的估計；討論了一般電路上的隨機徘徊，驗證了電路與可逆的遍歷markov鏈是一一對應的；給出了電路電壓的概率解釋：當把1伏電壓加於a ， b兩端，使得v _ a = 1 ， v _ b = 0時，則x點的電壓v _ x表示對應的markov鏈中，從x出發，到達b之前到達a的概率；進一步地，給出了逃離概率與有效電阻之間的關系：從a出發，在到達b之前到達a的概率為有效傳導率與通過a的總傳導率之比。 -
Instrumental method : the estimate value of loq is the concentration when the signal - to - noise ratio is 10 ： 1
儀器分析方法：一般以信噪比為10 ： 1時相應的濃度作為定量限的估計值，然後配製相應定量限濃度的樣品，反復測試來確定。 -
Methods of estimating baud rate, signal to noise ratio ( snr ) and reference phase are investigated. a modified euclidean algorithm is proposed to estimate baud rate of the burst packets. a cumulant based algorithm of estimating snr of star - qam is proposed which has better estimation performance in medium scope of snr
研究了自適應調制中波特率，信噪比和載波相位等參數的估計演算法；提出一種基於修改的歐幾里得演算法的波特率估計演算法，這種演算法可以對突發分組的波特率做出準確估計；提出一種星型qam信號的信噪比估計演算法，在中等信噪比條件下，具有較好估計性能。 -
This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits
本研究利用12個普通小麥品種對10個種子活力性狀的遺傳變異和相關研究，表明除正常幼苗百分率外，其餘種子活力性狀在品種間均存在顯著的差異.種子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個性狀間及與其它性狀均無顯著的遺傳相關，因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它性狀.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于種子貯藏物質轉換效率、種子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、種子干重、發芽指數、種子貯藏物質消耗比率6個性狀表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展，指明通過遺傳育種手段改良這些性狀是可能的 -
A round estimate of both countries " export price to domestic pri ce ratio shows little difference of the logistics costs for export
我國的簡單保護價政策則使國內玉米收購價格一直保持在現實生產成本水平之上，從而降低了我國玉米的價格競爭力。 -
Secondary, we adopt financial ratio analysis as research methodology to estimate short - term operating performance of 14 financial holding companies
研究結果發現短期經營績效較優者計有國票金控、新光金控、華南金控及富邦金控等四家。 -
However, as to correlated especially coherent signals and adjacent signals with small signal to noise ratio ( snr ), music algorithm cannot estimate their doa
然而，對于相關信號（特別是相干信號）以及相隔比較近的小信噪比信號， music演算法卻分辨不了它們的doa 。 -
Doing the further research on the division frequency stack on the foundation of study of predecessor, at first the residual moveout correction is done to the seismic record, make the phase axle regularity, doing foundation for the same phase stack ; then carried on division scale processing by wavelet transform ; spectrum whitening is done to each scale, the high and low frequency band need to do prolongs, the middle frequency bands only increase the value of the frequency spectrum ; several kinds of methods that estimate the value of signal - noise ratio has been studied further, and summarize their advantage and disadvantage as well as the scope of application ; the seismic record after spectrum whitening is stacked by weighting with the value of the signal - noise ratio ; then estimate the value of signal - noise ratio which is each scale section after stacking, the scale that the signal - noise ratio is big is assigned big weighting, otherwise, the scale that signal - noise ratio value is small is assigned small weight ing, and carried on weighted reconstruct to each scale section
本文在前人研究的基礎上，在分頻疊加方面做了進一步的研究。首先對地震記錄進行剩餘時差校正，校齊同相軸，為同相疊加做好基礎工作；然後對地震記錄用小波變換的方法進行分尺度處理；對各個尺度分別做譜白化，對于高、低頻段需要做頻帶延拓，中間頻段僅提升頻譜值；對于幾種信噪比定量估計的方法進行了深入的研究，並且總結了它們的優缺點以及適用范圍；對譜白化后的地震記錄用信噪比估計值作為加權系數進行加權疊加；對于各尺度的疊加剖面也進行信噪比估計，對于信噪比大的尺度給予大的加權系數，反之，信噪比值小的尺度給予小的加權系數，對各尺度疊加剖面進行加權重構。 -
The tax effect on ex - dividend day behavior of common stock predicts that ex - dividend day price ratio can be used to estimate marginal tax rates in china. the tax clientele effect of mm holds that each firm is assumed to have a body of stockholders who find its dividend policy optimum
因此本文結合中國股票市場的特點，在對變量選擇方法進行一定的修改後，採用了elton和gruber （ 1970 ）的方法和模型對我國股票市場的除息日股價行為進行了實證研究。 -
It was demonstrated that this sort of load - control apparatus has superior performance. we used a electric transmitter as the transducer to collect the sound signal, using the daq toolbox of the matlab to achieve the collection of the sound signal, and using the dsp toolbox of the matlab and the sound - launch technology to analyze the time - domain characteristic and the frequency - domain characteristic of the signal, chiefly analyze its short - time average amplitude, its short - time over - zero ratio and its estimate of the power chart and the average - period chart
實驗中使用了駐極體話筒作為球磨機聲音拾取傳感器，利用matlab中的數據採集（ daq ）工具箱實現對磨音的採集，利用matlab信號分析（ dsp ）工具箱和聲發射技術對磨音進行時域和頻域分析，主要分析磨音的短時平均幅度和能量、短時平均過零率、功率譜估計和平均周期圖。 -
On the basis of more detailed and complete data, and more reliable methods, who now estimates that the case fatality ratio of sars ranges from 0 % to 50 % depending on the age group affected, with an overall estimate of case fatality of 14 % to 15 %
通過更詳細和完全的數據以及更可靠的方法， who現在估計sars病死率的范圍在0 %到50 %之間，隨感染的年齡組變化，整體估計死亡率為14 %到15 % 。 -
With the aid of the method for determining damping ratio in structural dynamic experiment the so called stationarity index is used to estimate the gentleness of the peak ’ s slope
文中藉助結構動力試驗中阻尼比的確定方法，提出用平穩度指數來評價單峰點包線函數平緩程度。 -
In the paper, by using bp ( back propagation ) method of ann, we can get the relationship between grading, asphalt - aggregate ratio, bulk density, percentage of voids, test temperature and ds. at the same time, we can get the relationship between grading, asphalt - aggregate ratio, bulk density, percentage of voids, test temperature and viscoelastic parameter. at last, we can estimate the ds and draw the deformation curve
本文應用bp人工神經元網路，建立瀝青混合料的礦料通過百分率、瀝青用量、毛體積密度、空隙率、試驗溫度與瀝青混合料粘彈性參數的關系，或建立瀝青混合料的礦料通過百分率、瀝青用量、毛體積密度、空隙率、試驗溫度與車轍試驗動穩定度值的關系，從而預估車轍試驗的動穩定度值和繪制車轍試驗變形曲線。 -
In this thesis, we put forward floating ratio pricing method. it is a way by the searching pricing function of market to find a fair price that can be accepted by each side. based of this, we get the model to estimate the reduction speed and the reluctant tactic
因此本文提出了浮動比率定價漸進減持的方案，利用市場尋價功能去發現一個公平的能為各方接受的價格，並提出了建立減持速度估計模型的方法以及相關的政策建議。 -
Chapter four is the positive examination to the chaos and fractal phenomenon of our country security market. we carry on straight examination of the yield ratio distribution of stock index to shanghai and shenzhen stock market separately, utilize r / s analytic approach to estimate hurst index of shanghai and shenzhen then calculate fractal dimention, thus draw the conclusion that the security market of our country possesses the characteristics of chaos and fractal phenomenon
第四章為我國證券市場混沌與分形的實證檢驗部分。我們分別對我國上海和深圳股票市場進行了股指收益率分佈的正態性檢驗，然後利用r / s分析法分別對滬深兩市進行赫斯特指數估計進而計算分形維，從而得出我國證券市場具有混沌與分形特徵的結論。 -
The estimate value of hensheng index, although its price earning ratio is approximate 21 times, is lower than the peak level of u. s. stock marketduring i. t. bubble times
恆生指數的估值（市盈率大約21倍）依然低於美國股市在網路泡沫時期的峰值水平。
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