reduce in scale 中文意思是什麼
reduce in scale
解釋
縮小比例-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Abstract : the qiantang estuary with violent hydrodynamic conditions is well known for its tidal bore. the regulation of the estuary in the past, especially the progress since the founding of new china are reviewed. the principles of the regulation and planning of the qiantang estuary formulated in 1960s are expounded, i. e., to narrow the river to reduce the tidal prism, and to increase the ratio of the river flow to tidal discharge. the experience of estuary regulation / reclamation is summarized, especially the engineering measures to protect the groin head and to use polder dykes as sea defense works. finally, the effect is analyzed of the large - scale constraction / reclamation in the estuary on the tides, flooding high water level, estuary bed and the northern deep waterway in the hangzhou bay
文摘:以涌潮聞名的錢塘江河口，動力強勁，破壞力極大.回顧錢塘江河口歷代治理情況，重點記述1949年以來治理工作的進展，論述60年代提出的錢塘江河口治理規劃的指導思想，即縮窄江道，減少進潮量，增大山潮水比值的整治原則.總結整治規劃實施過程中治江圍塗經驗，特別是「以圍代壩」和丁壩壩頭保護等工程措施.分析錢塘江河口大規模治江圍塗后對錢塘江河口潮汐、洪水位、河床以及杭州灣北岸深槽的影響 -
Owing to consumption of so much manpower and material resources in small scale gap test, ssgt is simulated for making it possible to choose the best experimental programme, and reduce the experimental expenses, and shorten the research periods, and even replace ssgt
由於小隔板試驗要耗費大量的人力、物力，那麼通過對小隔板試驗進行數值模擬模擬，就能為以後的小隔板試驗選擇最佳的實驗方案，降低實驗的費用，縮短研究的周期，甚至取代小隔板試驗。 -
Abstract : adopting the serum - free and animal - source - free medium domestication express cell efficiently, setting up to express system efficiently, suspending culture cell, can raise the cell density in the scale turn the production, strengthen the cell vitality, control cell to propagate level, extension cell culture period, increase the target protein of yield, raise product quality, simplification of produces technics, reduce production cost, then raising the efficiency that the scale turns culture
提要：採用無血清無動物組分培養基馴化高效表達細胞，構建高效表達系統，懸浮培養細胞，可以在規模化生產中，提高細胞密度，增強細胞活力，控制細胞增殖水平，延長細胞培養周期，增加目標蛋白的產量，提高產品質量，簡化生產工藝，降低生產成本，進而提高規模化培養的效能。 -
Therefore, we must reduce the layers of administration, on the basis of optimizing the layout of district and strengthening all - directional radiation in economy, adding the number of provincial districts and dividing the scale ; emphasis should also be laid on the municipality directly under the central government
因此，應以優化地區布局和強化經濟全方位輻射為基本思路，以增加省級行政區劃數量、劃小省級行政區劃規模為中心，以增設直轄市、發揮中心城市的輻射帶動功能為重點，並與市縣脫鉤、省縣直轄、減少行政管理層次相配套，對現行省級行政區劃進行改革。 -
Mainly, the type of pump in the large - scale irrigation and drainage pumping station in our country is adjustable - blade propeller pump. we can regulate the pump ' s blade mounting angle following the variation of water level at the inlet and outlet of the station in order to control the discharge of pump, we also determine the number of running machines with machine ' s optimal combination. so we can reduce its energy consumption, and make it optimally and economically run
我國大部分大型電力排灌站所安裝的泵都為可調節葉片的軸流泵，這一有利條件使我們可以根據排灌站進、出口水位的變化來調節水泵的葉片角度，控制水泵的流量，併合理的確定開機臺數，通過機組間的優化組合，使整個泵站的能耗最少，達到整體最優、經濟運行的目的。 -
Based on knowledge reasoning, fuzzy theory, extraction of sub - assembly and cluster, and hierarchical connection relation graph, an assembly sequence generation algorithm is studied in this paper, which breaks down the original complex assembly sequence generation problem into several small scale assembly sequence planning problems to reduce the computing complexity caused by cut - set theory. a hierarchical and / or graph to store all the generated sequences is also employed for this purpose
本文提出基於知識推理及模糊理論，結合子裝配與聚族提取以及裝配樹，利用層次聯接關系圖，將一個復雜的裝配序列求解問題轉化為若干個相關的小規模裝配序列求解問題，並用一種層次與或圖結構存儲裝配序列，使割集法求解裝配序列的計算復雜度大大降低。 -
Kiln guiding - rail bricks, supporting suspension bricks and ultra - thin extruded batts are recently developed for the phenomenon of pollution and pulverization caused by using insulation bricks or high - temperature refractory wool in the kilns. they are made from cordierite and mullite with a high strength. they can cover the kiln wall structure made of refractory fiber, greatly reduce pollution and pulverization, remarkably save the energy, easy to be constructed on worksite, and the aspect is beautiful and novel. they are ideal material for large - scale shuttle - kiln or computerized puadrate kiln
窯體道軌磚及支撐吊磚和超薄中空板是針對目前窯爐採用傳統耐火材料在使用過程中由於組多原因造成落臟或粉化現象而開發生產；它是堇青石-莫來石材料製造而成，強度大，熱穩定性佳、覆蓋耐火纖維製品組成窯爐墻體結構，它能大大減輕落臟與粉化現象，節能效果十分明顯、施工方便、整體美觀新超是高級大型梭式或電腦方窯等窯爐的理想材料。 -
In the agricultural total output value internal structure, output value of forestry and animal husbandry occupy 80 % of it, and realize fully exploitation and utilization of the superiority environment factors ; in the crop planting output value internal structure, the economical crop output value occupy 51. 18 % of it, and give prominence to develo pment of the regional superiority ( resource superiority ) and characteristic agriculture ( chinese medicinal materials etc ) ; in the animal husbandry output value internal structure, the grass - eating animals output value ( including rabbit output value ) occupy 84. 55 % of it, thereinto, the rabbit output value occupy 66. 2 % of it, and realize operation of large scale ; enhance meat, egg and milk per person ( increase proportion of beef and mutton, reduce proportion of pig ), and reduce grain per person and oil plants per person, and enhance forest - coverage rate, source of manure index etc, and enhance ecological benefit
到2020年時農業總產值達到了2000年的2 . 75倍，人均產值達2753 . 42元，是2000年的2 . 39倍，總產值內部，林業和牧業產值佔80 ，充分實現了優勢環境因子的開發利用；種植業內部，經濟作物產值佔51 . 18 ，突出了區域優勢（資源優勢）和特色農業（中藥材等）的發展；牧業內部，草食畜產值（含兔）佔84 . 55 ，其中兔產值占牧業產值的66 . 2 ，實現了規模化經營；提高了人均肉蛋奶佔有量（其中增加牛羊肉比重，降低了豬肉比重） ，降低了人均糧食和油料佔有量，同時還提高了森林覆蓋率、肥源指數等指標，從而提高了生態效益。 -
Evaporative cooling has been regarded as a new cooling technology on hydro - generator, and it not only could increase the ratio of material utilization and reduce the difficulties of making large - scale hydro - generators, the running difference in temperature, the stress of the generator ' s stator and the possibilities of the incidental occurrences, but also has better performance than internal water cooling
蒸發冷卻作為水輪發電機的一種新型冷卻技術，不僅可以提高材料利用率，減小特大型發電機製造難度，降低發電機定子繞組運行溫差和發電機定子的應力，減少事故隱患，更重要的是蒸發冷卻比水內冷具有更好的優越性。 -
Hydroelectric power exploitation can reduce sediment disposal, lengthen life of power plants in lower stream, control stream, better water quality, and reduce contamination etc. considering the structure of power of sichuan province and pointing out its six problems in power development, this thesis comes up with sustainale development strategy of sichuan hydroelectric power exploitation, that is, prefentially exploit large scale hydropower plant which has good water - adapting capability, comprehensively use water resource, try to reduce cost caused by drowning, stimulate rotating exploitation, well deal with settlement of people in hydroproject construction, and alleviate contamination
論述水電開發在減緩泥沙淤積、延長下游水電站壽命、調控水流、提高供水量、改善水質、提供清潔能源、減少環境污染等方面對長江上游生態屏障建設的作用。本文研究分析了四川水電開發的可持續發展戰略，首先對四川省電力結構現狀進行了分析，指出目前四川電力發展存在的六個主要問題，從優先開發具有良好調節性能的大型水電站、綜合利用好水資源，盡最大可能減少水庫淹沒損失，積極推進流域梯級滾動綜合開發，處理好水庫移民關系，減輕對環境的不利影響等六個方面論述了水電開發的可持續發展戰略。 -
In addition, the un qualified injected water will cause the gathering and transporting systems and borehole to be corroded and will form scale in them, which will greatly reduce the waterflood effect
此外，不合格的注入水還會引起集輸系統和井筒的腐蝕與結垢，從而大大降低注水效果。 -
Secondly, in the first phase, this paper solves the inventory supplement sub - problem through integer programming model, using the reduction of vehicle routes as the breakthrough to this problem, divides a whole distribution region into many customer subsets by radius - circle partitioning method, determines the optimal number of vehicle of service distribution region, applies two practice - oriented conclusions to reduce the number of routes on the basis of customer grouping, thus decreases considerably the variable scale of integer programming, and solves the problem through professional software to fix inventory supplement plan in plan period
其次，在第一階段使用整數規劃數學模型來規劃庫存補充計劃子問題，以減少車輛巡迴路線數目為求解該整數規劃的突破口，提出與固定劃分策略（ fpp ）相似的客戶分組思想，通過徑?環切割法把整個配送區域劃分成多個客戶子集，實現客戶分組並確定服務整個配送區域的最佳車輛數目。在客戶分組的基礎上建立了精簡路線的整數模型，然後通過運用兩條基於實際經驗的判斷來進一步減少巡迴路線數目，進而極大地減少了整數規劃的變量規模，並利用專業的求解軟體來求解該整數規劃問題，從而確定計劃期的庫存補充計劃。 -
To often be in " force empty season " ( see add civil " why does soybean futures appear easily force storehouse " ) suffer losing nominal for, corresponding strategy is through moving the storehouse comes the time of protracted complete a business transaction ( displacement reachs basic admiral storehouse annual 11, 1, march agreement, but, as a result of 1, agreement traded in march scale is not large, move commonly the main target that the storehouse operates was november agreement ), reduce the still can achieve make up the deficits and get surpluses even goal of the loss
對于經常在「逼空季節」 （見附文「大豆期貨為何輕易出現逼倉」 ）遭受損失的空頭來說，相應的策略是通過移倉來拖延交割的時間（基本上將倉位移至每年的11 、 1 、 3月合約，但是，由於1 、 3月合約交易規模不大，一般移倉操作的主要對象是11月合約） ，降低損失之餘甚至還能實現扭虧為盈的目的。 -
In modem agriculture, organized farmers have great advantages on reduce the degree of assets specialty, achieve the economy of scale, hoist the level of agro technique, quicken the tempo of marketization and helping to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture. so combination is an inevitable trend
由於在現代農業中，組織化程度高的農戶在降低資產專用性程度、實現規模經濟、促進農k 、 bdtekkffilk l tg 、 i mvi rmbwr fekmit ，因而合作是現代農業發展中的一個必然趨勢。 -
The large - scale afforestation programme continued in the hinterland of the new towns and urban development areas to reduce soil erosion by water run - off from hillsides, thereby preventing siltation of drainage systems and enhancing the countryside. over 10 million trees have been planted in the last five years
新市鎮和市區拓展區腹地的大型造林工程繼續進行，以減少山坡被雨水侵蝕。工程不但有助防止排水渠淤塞，而且更可美化郊區環境。過去五年的植樹數目超過1000萬株。 -
Against the status of large scale ultra low frequency air spring vibration isolation platform, which is low damping and poor performance of low frequency, and after analyzing the existing key damping system, a new type differential electromagnetic damping system ( emds ) is developed in this article in order to reduce the resonance peak of the platform effectively and improve the low frequency performance of the platform
本文針對大型超低頻空氣彈簧隔振平臺阻尼小、低頻隔振性能較差的現狀，在比較多種提供阻尼力的方法后，提出了用電磁力作為隔振平臺的阻尼力，並開發研製了差動式電磁阻尼器系統。該系統可以有效降低隔振平臺的諧振峰值，從而達到了提高隔振平臺低頻性能的目的。 -
Enterprise wants to expands various degrees of scale in its developmental process, mergers is one of the mainly means of enterprise development. horizontal mergers may expand its scale rapidly, advance scale effect and enlarge their market shares, succeed in scale economy ; vertical mergers may widen channels and reduce cost ; mix mergers may extend scope and depress venture
企業通過橫向兼并可以迅速擴大企業生產規模，提高企業的規模效益和市場佔有率，實現企業的規模經濟；企業通過縱向兼并可以拓寬企業的渠道，降低企業經營的成本，企業通過混合兼并可以擴大經營范圍，分散和降低企業的經營風險。 -
Aimed at solving the problem that high content of unburned carbon is unfavourable for the comprehensive ultilization in scale of fly ash, the fundamental principle that separation of unburned carbon from fly ash is theoretically analyzed by wet flotation and dry electro - separation, three factors and two levels orthogonal test for flotation and two factors and three levels test for electro - separation were conducted, furthermore, the primary factors and law affecting separating efficiency in flotation and electro - separation were obtained. the results show that wet flotation can give 7. 34 % of the cleaned coal yield rate, which contains 44. 53 % of ash content and 56. 02 % of separating efficiency, while dry electro - separation can reduce the content of carbon in separated fly ash to 3. 16 % and remove 53. 12 % of carbon from fly ash
針未燃炭含量過高不利對粉煤灰大規模綜合利用的問題，從理論上分析了粉煤灰濕法浮選和干法電選分選未燃炭的基本原理，進行了三因素二水平正交浮選試驗和二因素三水平的正交電選試驗研究，得到了影響浮選和電選分選效果的主要因素及其規律.試驗表明:採用濕法浮選法可獲得精煤產率為7 . 34 % ，灰分為44 . 53 % ，分選效率為56 . 02 %的分選效果；採用干法電選，選后粉煤灰的含碳量可降到3 . 16 % ，脫碳率達53 . 12 % -
Abstract : aimed at solving the problem that high content of unburned carbon is unfavourable for the comprehensive ultilization in scale of fly ash, the fundamental principle that separation of unburned carbon from fly ash is theoretically analyzed by wet flotation and dry electro - separation, three factors and two levels orthogonal test for flotation and two factors and three levels test for electro - separation were conducted, furthermore, the primary factors and law affecting separating efficiency in flotation and electro - separation were obtained. the results show that wet flotation can give 7. 34 % of the cleaned coal yield rate, which contains 44. 53 % of ash content and 56. 02 % of separating efficiency, while dry electro - separation can reduce the content of carbon in separated fly ash to 3. 16 % and remove 53. 12 % of carbon from fly ash
文摘:針未燃炭含量過高不利對粉煤灰大規模綜合利用的問題，從理論上分析了粉煤灰濕法浮選和干法電選分選未燃炭的基本原理，進行了三因素二水平正交浮選試驗和二因素三水平的正交電選試驗研究，得到了影響浮選和電選分選效果的主要因素及其規律.試驗表明:採用濕法浮選法可獲得精煤產率為7 . 34 % ，灰分為44 . 53 % ，分選效率為56 . 02 %的分選效果；採用干法電選，選后粉煤灰的含碳量可降到3 . 16 % ，脫碳率達53 . 12 %
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