reduce price 中文意思是什麼
reduce price
解釋
減低價格-
Tang shan area of price of pink of this iron essence reduce small, the impact is not big for large to those steelworks, because their early days had prepared many store up goods, and the phenomenon that depends on entrance mine is more and more apparent, but it may be said is deadly biff for the trafficker that has merchandise on hand to still be being put in the hand
唐山地區此次鐵精粉價格的小幅下調，對于那些大型鋼廠來說影響不大，因為他們前期已經預備了大量的囤貨，且依靠進口礦的現象越來越明顯，但是對于手中還存有現貨的貿易商來說可謂是致命的一擊。 -
The price of asset closing quotation that releases markers of executive price with authority card commonly certainly is a foundation, rise ( apply to subscribe authority card ) or reduce ( apply to card of authority identifying buy ) fixed rate
執行價格的確定一般以權證發行時標的資產收盤價為基礎，上浮（適用於認購權證）或下調（適用於認沽權證）一定的比率。 -
Government intervention to dampen these price increases could reduce society's well-being.
政府干預阻抑價格上漲只會降低社會的福利。 -
It ’ s a medical treatment equipment of high capability but low price. this thesis chooses a discal peristaltic pump and put forward amelioration schemes based on analysis of trait of transfer pump in common use presently and selects stepper motor as drive motor. in order to reduce the whole volume, the pcb board integrates stepper motor drive circuit, keyset, alarm circuit and lcd
本文在分析目前常用輸液泵的優缺點的基礎上，選擇dg - 1盤狀蠕動泵，並進行了結構改進;選擇步進電機作為輸液泵的驅動電機，為縮小整體的體積，將步進電機的驅動電路、按鍵、 lcd和報警電路集成到單板上。 -
This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the
本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Export barriers have been erected specifically to reduce the price of metal.
設立出口關卡，目的在於降低金屬廢品的價格。 -
It takes agency theory as its premise, human resource property right as its core, and modern distribution theory and risk theory as its foundation. its basic idea is to give high - level managers headed by chief executive officer the right to purchase common stocks of the company at a certain price and time in the future. through this equity system, it ' s expected to inspirit organizations " management in the long run, avoid operators " short - term behavior, and thus reduce agency cost, improve organizations " management structure, and promote the stability of management, so that both constituents ( stake holders ) and vicegerents " ( operators ) targets of gaining profit will be realized finally
其本質是對經營者的一種薪酬安排；它以代理理論為前提，以人力資本產權理論為核心，以現代分配理論和風險理論為基礎；其基本內容是給予公司內以首席執行官為首的高級管理人員在未來某特定的時間按某一固定價格購買本公司普通股的權力；通過這種機制希望對公司管理層起到長期激勵的作用，避免經營者的短期行為，從而減少代理成本，改善企業的治理結構，促進穩健經營，最終實現委託者（股東）和受託者（經營者）雙贏的目的；它是把期權理論應用於現代激勵機制的一種制度創新，比較符合市場經濟條件下企業經營者的價值取向和企業發展的戰略要求。 -
Agriculture - battery farms broiler, good laying hens, pig - breeding, cattle breeding. forage addition bacell provides increase digestion and assimilability of fodder, reduce the price of fodder, forms health - giving gut organisms
農業?肉蛋禽類養殖廠（育種和商品） ，養豬廠和其他動物養殖廠（育種和商品） 。該飼料添加劑可以在胃腸道中形成有益的菌群，提高對飼料的消化和吸收，降低飼料的單位消耗量。 -
If changed to the ' supplying - logistics ', which means the price is based on the ex - factory price or the ex - warehouse price but getting rid of the transportation costs, and the transportation means can be chosen by the buyers, the efficiency of the logistics will be improved a lot so as to reduce the logistic cost
改為實施「供貨物流」 ，即按出廠價格或物流中心出庫價格計價，而將運輸費用剝離出來，交由買方自行支配，選擇不同的運輸方式，將大大提高物流效率，降低物流成本。 -
One should not assume that price elasticity of imports and exports is such that an exchange rate appreciation would necessarily reduce the current account surplus, or conversely an exchange rate depreciation would necessarily reduce the current account deficit
我們不應該假定進口及出口有足夠的價格彈性：在貨幣升值時，經常帳盈餘必然會減少當貨幣貶值時，經常帳赤字必然會減少。 -
Climate change is a real problem and the only way to tackle it is to reduce the gap between the price of fossil - fuel energy and alternative energy
氣候變化確實是個問題，阻止它的唯一方法就是減少化石燃料與可替代性燃料之間的差價。 -
The results show that : ( l ) adoption of the intermittent mean price instead of the point price at the end of the option will help to reduce the chances of profit - making manipulated by managers and to curb the manager ' s motive to control the stock price ; ( 2 ) generally speaking, stock price of mean price option is more incentive to the managers than that of the black - scholes ; ( 3 ) when the stock market slumps at the end of the option, mean price option will ensure a moderate insurance for the managers ; ( 4 ) when stock price slumps alone with the overall situation of the stock market in the intermittent option, mean price option. however, will be inefficient as an incentive. chapter four addresses the questions concerning the manager ' s manipulation of the stock price, and the increase of the option risks because of long - term slump of the stock market
第三部分包括第三至五章，第三章針對時點價格容易被控制和時點價格的波動性太大，增加了經理期權的風險等問題，研究採用期權期內的平均價格替代期權期末的時點價格計算經理股票期權收益，構建了幾何型平均價格期權定價公式，並與black ? scholes期權定價公式進行了定量對比分析，結果表明： （ 1 ）採用期權期內平均價格替代期權期末時點價格有利於降低經理通過操縱股價的牟利機會，遏制經理操縱股價的動機； （ 2 ）一般條件下，平均價格期權股票價格對經理的激勵作用優于標準期權； （ 3 ）當臨近期權期末股價下跌時，平均價格期權能為經理提供適度保險； （ 4 ）當期權期內，股票受大市持續走弱影響而下跌時，平均價格期權失去了激勵作用。 -
Targeting to the real requirements of refrigerator production in the strong competition of the current globalised marketplace, this thesis introduced the principle of the agile virtual enterprise into new refrigerator development project to meet the diverse needs of customers. based on the idea of concurrent engineering ( ce ), new product development must be taken into consideration in order to adapt the rapid marketing change, to obtain agile responsiveness and reduce the time to market, to achieve lower price and better product quality and high chance to hit target
本課題的研究針對美的冰箱項目的實際需要，根據當前冰箱市場競爭的態勢，把敏捷虛擬企業的理論運用美的冰箱項目oem模式之中，根據市場需求的多樣性，提出了新產品開發模式必須適應市場需求，快速反應，開發周期要短，性價比要優，命中率要高，因此必須引入敏捷開發模式。 -
The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain
討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。 -
For example, in china, mbo is more like an encouragement way than to reduce agent cost ; illegal financing channel causes latency problem for future operation ; management members make advantage of so - called " internal people control " to undervalue the share price that damage the interests of the middle - and - little share holders ; management members also obtain large proportion dividend from the company that limits its development
比如說，國內mbo更多是一種激勵措施；融資制度不健全，管理層杠桿收購資金的來源不合法，導致了收購完成後的短期行為；不完善的資產定價體系、股權割裂導致管理層壓低凈資產，造成國有資產流失和損害中小股東的利益；由於流通股和非流通股同股不同價，管理層利用大比例分紅抽逃資金等等。 -
The main issues of the research are put as following : firstly, with the international comparing of market sharing rate and trading competitive index, it was revealed that wheat in china has inferior international competitiveness with a bit rising during current years, however, which is still behind that of the main wheat export countries. secondly, after the international comparing of the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat, it was discovered that chinese wheat has the obvious cost advantage on unit product, while because of the high circulation fee, it results in inferior advantage on the price ; low and unstable quality is another factor which leads to inferior wheat competitiveness ; the input of fertilizer and labor makes little impact on the productivity of chinese wheat, while the input of seeds, irrigation and machine makes a strong impact, so it should be more invested in seeds, irrigation and machine to reduce wheat ' s unit cost. the assistant industries of the wheat, such as breed, production materials and processing industries, have inferior international competitiveness and lagged development
其次，通過對影響小麥國際競爭力的主要因素的國際比較發現：中國小麥單位產品生產成本具有明顯優勢，但由於較高的流通費用，導致在價格上不具有優勢；小麥質量較差、品質不穩定是導致中國小麥國際競爭力較低的主要因素；生產要素中化肥和勞動力投入對中國小麥生產力水平的影響程度較小，而種子、灌溉和機械投入對小麥生產力水平的的影響程度較大，因此小麥生產投入要以增加種子、灌溉和機械的投入為主，代替大量的化肥和勞動力投入，進一步降低小麥單位產品成本，增強中國小麥國際競爭力；中國小麥的上下游輔助產業（包括品種資源、生產資料和加工業）的國際競爭力較弱，發展較為滯后；中國小麥生產者的組織化程度較低嚴重製約了中國小麥質量的提高、流通費用的降低和加工業的發展；小麥生產經營活動本身的特點決定了在充分發揮市場機製作用的基礎上，必須通過政府的宏觀調控來克服其市場機制的失靈，保障市場機制有效運行，但通過國際比較研究發現：中國政府在生產者支持、市場體系建設和國際貿易政策上對小麥的支持水平較低，與提高中國小麥國際競爭力的要求有較大差距，尤其是較低的生產者支持水平和市場體系建設程度制約了中國小麥國際競爭力的提高。 -
If you bargain with them, they will reduce the price
你如果跟他們議價，他們會降低價錢。 -
Although each light dish slice situation for pressure for big factory all not speech, this year dvd - r light dish slice containing price drop, in fact, current the united states ce consume electronics exhibition, already appearing a price mess, however, the big factory all mean, on the other hand, the dvd demand quickly promote, although the price drop, the factory measure empress, earning, accrual will still increase ; on the other hand, big factory will then announce new products, the light dish that higher times are soon slice, increase to compete the threshold, then reduce to reduce price to impact factory earning, accrual. because of the dvd light dish slice period for of technique, funds. etc
雖然各光盤片大廠均不諱言，今年dvd - r光盤片有跌價的壓力，事實上，目前美國ce消費電子展，已出現通路品牌光盤片價格紊亂的情形，不過，大廠均表示，一方面， dvd需求量快速提升，雖然價格下滑，但是廠商擴量后，營收獲利仍將正增長另一方面，大廠將以推出新產品，更高倍速的光盤片，提高競爭門檻，以減少殺價對廠商營收獲利的沖擊。 -
The construction processes of large - scale underground structure group are very complicated. in order to quicken the construction processes, reduce price and assure success, it is necessary that adopting scientific system simulation method to simulate the whole construction processes, to make all tunnels, all activities and all machine equipment harmonious and make construction sequence schedule reasonable
大型地下洞室群施工過程是極其復雜的，採用科學的系統模擬方法對地下洞室群施工全過程進行模擬，使各洞室、工序及施工機械設備相互協調配合，使洞室群施工順序和施工進度計劃更加合理，對于加快洞室群施工進度，降低工程造價，保證工程順利進行非常必要。
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