risk transformation 中文意思是什麼

risk transformation 解釋
風險轉移
  • risk : n 1 風險，危險；冒險。2 【保險】（損失的）風險（率）；保險金額；被保險人，被保險物。vt 冒…的危險...
  • transformation : n 轉變，變化；變形；【生物學】（尤指昆蟲的）轉化，變態，改造，改革；變質；【數學】變換；【電學】...
  1. This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee

    樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。
  2. There have several theories about it such as hypothesis of risk and efficiency, hypothesis of supply and demand of system transformation, hypothesis of asset specificity, which form the fundamentals for t he se lection

    其中最主要和最有影響的理論有風險效率假說、制度變遷供求假說和資產專用性假說，它們為金融業經營體制的選擇提供了理論支撐。
  3. The first aspect is about amending the definition of the financial lease contract, and the second is of modifying the quality of the financial lease contract. the third aspect is that the financial lease contract should be treated as the contract concerned three parties and the rights and obligations belong to the every party ' s should be stipulated in one integrated contract. the forth involved transformation of some systems, such as the dual controlled system of the lesser, the lesser ' s obligation to guarantee no flaw of leased object, the right to charge under the sale contract, renting by foreign currency, the lessees risk of appointing agent, and so on

    一、修改融資租賃合同的定義；二、改變融資租賃合同的定位；三、將它規定為三方合同關系，用一個完整的合同規制各方當事人的權利義務；四、某些具體制度設計的改變，如出租人的雙軌制、出租人的瑕疵擔保義務、關于買賣合同索賠權、外幣計租、承租人選定代理人的指定風險等；五、建立融資租賃法律制度的完整體系，將目前尚未規定的各種非典型形式寫進合同法。
  4. The transformation of value - added tax enhances the remuneration rate of investment, reduces investment risk, strengthens investment ability of enterprise fixed assets, is beneficial to the renewal and transformation of technique

    增值稅轉型提高企業固定資產投資報酬率，降低企業固定資產投資風險，加強了企業固定資產的投資能力，有利於調動企業擴大固定資產投資、加強技術更新改造的積極性。
  5. In fact, it was a system cost ; it was the rational choice under the specific system transformation period. the non - performing assets could be traced to the state financial control, so the state should be responsible for it, at least hi theory. refinancing by the government may be the straightforward solution, but the more important thing is how to form the new governance structure and the risk - taker

    其中美國、瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥、波蘭和智利先後對本國銀行不良資產進行了全面清理，使銀行業轉危為安，穩固了金融局勢，取得了良好的效果；法國、墨西哥、日本進展緩慢，收效甚微，阿根廷則因日益增多的不良資產形成頑疾，導致今天經濟衰退、政局不穩；韓國、馬來西亞和泰國不良資產的處理則正在進行當中，效果並未顯現。
  6. With deepens unceasingly to the credit risk cognition degree in our country banking, credit risk assessment method also is continually improved and enhanced, the corresponding credit management system is also consummated day by day. according to our country economic environment evolution, in this article we will divide our country banking industry credit system transformation into three stages : the planned economy time, planed the commodity economy time and the market economy time

    本文首先從我國銀行業信貸體制改革的三個階段，即計劃經濟時代、有計劃的商品經濟時代和市場經濟時代，按照時間的脈絡研究銀行貸款評價方法的演進過程入手，隨著對信貸風險認識度的不斷加深，信貸管理體制不斷完善，從無風險意識到粗放型的風險度測演算法，再到目前圍繞不同企業的不同特點進行差異化評估，信貸風險評價方法也日趨成熟。
  7. The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate

    論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。
  8. The transformation of the style of a painter inevitably contains a certain dilemma of risk. however, as a painter, he no longer cares about what to paint, but whether to be able to paint continually. “ terracotta warriors in series ” is more of opening a jewel box where a wide range of possibilities is hidden than just a series of integrity and wonderful masterpieces

    一個畫家風格的改變必然蘊含著某種進退失據的風險，但對畫家而言，他在乎的往往不是畫出了什麼，而是能否繼續畫下去， 《兵俑系列》毋寧說是一組完整美妙的作品，不如說是開啟了一個蘊含多種相度可能的寶盒。
  9. The real reason why goldman should matter to outsiders is not because it is a manufacturer of millionaires ( good luck to it ) ; but because it stands at the centre of a two - decade - long transformation of the financial markets and a new approach to risk

    對局外人，高盛公司真正重要的原因並不在於它是一個億萬富翁的製造者（這點上它很幸運） ，而是因為它處于歷時20年之久的金融市場和新風險運作變革的風口浪尖上。
  10. In general, these studies are primarily based on the theories of financial restraint and financial deepening initiated by r. i. mckinnon and e. s. shaw, either stressing the urgency of china ’ s interest rate liberalization, its international experience, target orientation, mode selection, sequencing, conditional creation, risk control and the transformation of the monetary policy conduction mechanism, or such problems as the effect of reform on each economic party, positive examination of the real interest rate, savings mobilization, investment quality, relativity between the variables in economic growth as well as the interest rate sensibility in economic sectors of different ownerships

    總的看來，這些研究基本上以麥金農和肖所開創的金融抑制?金融深化理論為依據，或是側重於討論我國利率市場化改革的必要性迫切性、國際經驗、目標定位、模式選擇、次序安排、條件創造、風險控制以及貨幣政策傳導機制的改造等問題，或是側重於分析改革對各個經濟行為主體的影響，再者就是實證考察實際利率、儲蓄動員、投資質量、經濟增長各個變量之間的相關性和不同所有制經濟部門的利率敏感性。
  11. Analysis and assessment of cross - industry transformation risk of listed company

    上市公司跨行業轉型風險分析與評價
  12. Article 24 the state encourages establishment of funds or risk funds for transformation of scientific and technological achievements, such funds shall be raised by the state, local authorities, enterprises, institutions and other organizations and individuals and shall be used to aid transformation of such scientific and technological achievements as need substantial investment, involve considerable risks and promise high yields and to accelerate the application of major scientific and technological achievements in industrial production

    第二十四條國家鼓勵設立科技成果轉化基金或者風險基金，其資金來源由國家、地方、企業、事業單位以及其他組織或者個人提供，用於支持高投入、高風險、高產出的科技成果的轉化，加速重大科技成果的產業化。
  13. Funds and risk funds for transformation of scientific and technological achievements shall be established and used in accordance with relevant regulations of the state

    科技成果轉化基金和風險基金的設立及其資金使用，依照國家有關規定執行。
  14. There are massive uncurrent state - owned equity in the equity structure of china listed enterprises, which has already caused the distortion of enterprise governing structure and the advisability of resource disposition and so and. however, the major reason generating this phenomenon lies in the institutional risk existing in the china stock market set up in the period of economy transformation

    中國上市公司的股本結構中，沉澱了大量的非流通國有股權，這一現象已經引致了公司治理結構扭曲及資源配置非優化等巨大負面效應，導致這一現象的主要原因，在於經濟轉軌時期成立的中國證券市場所存在的制度風險。
  15. To the solution of how to further shenzhen " s development of hi - tech industry, i point out in my thesis as follows, to accelerate the strategy of relying on science and education to develop the city ; to develop electronic information technology, biological technology and new material technology, with hi - tech industry band as carrier and highlighting invention of system, technology and management ; to build some key hi - tech enterprises and well - known products ; to promote industrial upgrading ; to informationize with strength ; to attract elites ; to protect copy right ; to keep an eye on the risk of investment ; to better the investment environment ; to make shenzhen the base of production and exportation of hi - tech product, the base of hi - tech research and development, the base of transformation and transaction of its outcome, as well as the base of fostering hi - tech elites ; to try to make shenzhen a hi - tech city with clear scale advantage, outstanding industrial features, creation and investment in full bloom, lots of hi - tech elites and pleasant environment

    對深圳如何進一步發展高新技術產業的對策問題，我在論文中提出：加武漢理工大學碩士學位論文快實施科教興市戰略，以高新技術產業帶為主要載體，突出體制創新、技術創新和管理創新，重點發展電子信息、生物技術和新材料技術，培育一批高新技術骨幹企業和名牌產品，用高新技術改造和提升傳統產業，推動產業升級，加強信息化建設，吸引創業人才，保護知識產權，防範投資風險，優化創業環境，使深圳成為重要的高新技術產品生產和出口基地，高新技術研發和成果轉化、交易基地，以及高新技術人才培養基地，努力把深圳建設成為規模優勢明顯、產業特色突出、創新體系完善、創業投資活躍、科技人才薈萃、綜合環境優良的高科技城市。
  16. Fourth, < wp = 8 > securitization integrated the financing agencies and the market agencies validly and efficiently, and therefore generates new financing organizations and services. abs can increase the usage efficiency of the corporate capital through the transformation of capital property ownership, but for the corporate investors, the investment risk will not depend on the corporate itself, but the risk of asset itself. from the angle of the corporate, abs has the following advantages : it provides a brand new financing instrument ; it brings the corporate the effect of reducing the asset cost ; it makes an effective assets - liabilities management for the corporate ; it becomes an economical way of financing for medium to small sized corporate

    資產證券化可以通過對其資產所有權的轉讓提高企業資本的使用效率，而對于要投資該企業的投資者來說，其投資風險不再依賴于企業經營本身，而是依賴于資產自身的風險，從企業角度看，資產證券化具有以下優點：資產證券化為企業提供了一種新型的融資手段，資產證券化可以給企業帶來削減資本成本的效果，資產證券化可以使企業有效進行資產負債管理，資產證券化可以成為中小企業低成本融資的一種手段。
  17. Risk analysis on process transformation

    -流程變革風險分析
  18. This proportion of government funds shall be chiefly used as initiation funds, discount loans, subsidy funds, risk investment and other funds for promoting transformation of scientific and technological achievements

    科技成果轉化的國家財政經費，主要用於科技成果轉化的引導資金、貸款貼息、補助資金和風險投資以及其他促進科技成果轉化的資金用途。
  19. First, the paper ana1yzes the commercia1 credit risk in definition ; second, it exp1ores the cause of the formation of the credit risk and the effect in the financial service industry as well as the whole economy ; then it forecasts and estimates the credit risk by quantitative and qualitative analysis, studies the measure and methods for risk management macroscopically and microscopically, the paper stated deeply the case of abc should make its position dear. under the new situation and explore new solutions to finish the transformation from a specialized bank to a modern commercial bank

    本文對農業銀行信貸風險進行了較深層次的探討，力求從中挖掘出對我國商業銀行具有借鑒作用的合理內核。文章從農業銀行的發展狀況出發，分析了歷史和現實問題，然後探究了信貸風險的成因及對經濟金融發展的重大影響。用定量、定性分析方法對信貸風險進行了預測和評估。
  20. With china enters the wto, as the leading role in chinese economy life, the reform & development of the state - owned enterprise ( s oe ), especially the research of transformation of orgnization structure is becoming the foca1 point of the work. many enterprises try to improve the status through transformation of orgnization structure, but in fact, the risk of transformation of orgnization structure is very big, there are many profit dropping and even bankrupting cases because of transformation of orgnization s tru cture

    隨著中國加入wto ，作為當前中國經濟生活中的主角，國有企業的改革與發展，特別是其組織結構變革研究逐漸成為一個重點。不少企業都試圖通過組織結構變革來改善經營狀況，但實際上，組織結構變革的風險是很大的，國內外都有大量由於組織結構變革而導致企業效益下降甚至垮臺的案例。本文以我國國有企業組織結構為研究對象，在結合實際的基礎上，對國有企業的組織結構變革進行了研究和探討。
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